063-08-0937
» Citation URL: http://vegbank.org/cite/urn:lsid:cvs.bio.unc.edu:observation:6297-{4D66C89F-A898-4D42-92DA-B93725AC5F2A} » Citing info
Plot ID Fields:
Author Plot Code	063-08-0937
Author Observation Code	063-08-0937
Location Fields:	MAP: Google | Yahoo | TopoZone | MapQuest
Location Accuracy	50 m
Confidentiality Status	exact location
Latitude	33.178374407 º
Longitude	-79.47412039 º
Author Location	Francis Marion NF - 211C Stringer
Location Narrative	The plot is alluvial stringer forest (Cypress stringer).
State or Province	South Carolina
Country	United States
Named Places	region|state|province: South Carolina area|country|territory: United States county: Charleston Geographic Name: Eastern Coastal Plain Geographic Name: 211C Stringer Geographic Name: Francis Marion National Forest
Layout Fields:
Azimuth	250 º
Shape	Rectangular
Area	1000 m²
Permanence	permanent plot
Layout Narrative	The plot was a typical GOS plot. See the illustration on the data sheet.
Environment Fields:
Elevation	6 m
Hydrologic Regime	Saturated
Soil Drainage	very poorly drained
Water Salinity	Freshwater
Soil Taxon	WADMALAW
Methods Fields:
Observation Start Date	28-May-2005 ± exact
Observation End Date	28-May-2005 ± exact
Date Accuracy	exact
Project	Carolina Vegetation Survey (63): Francis Marion NF
Cover Method	Carolina Vegetation Survey
Stratum Method	NVC Standard 2004
Stem Size Limit	0 cm
Method Narrative	Carolina Vegetation Survey Standard Sampling Method. See http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/peet/lab/CVS/ for more information.
Taxon Observation Area	1000 m²
Cover Dispersion	subplot-contiguous
Overall Taxon Cover Values are Automatically Calculated?	yes
Stem Observation Area	1000 m²
Stem Sample Method	Full census
Plot Quality Fields:
Effort Level	Very thorough
Plot Validation Level	(2) classification plot: sufficient for inclusion in a classification revision
Floristic Quality	High
Bryophyte Quality	Not examined
Lichen Quality	Not examined
Overall Plot Vegetation Fields:
--no data--
Misc Fields:
Observation Narrative	The canopy is dominated by Nyssa biflora, with a few Pinus taeda. The sub canopy is primarily Acer and 1 Persea. There is a relatively open shrub layer, existing only on hummic areas, of Mag. Virg., Morella cerifera, Gaylussia frondosa, and Arundinaria.

Taxa occurring on this plot-observation
Change plant label: --Choose a value-- Author's plant name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, USDA Code Original Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, Common Name
Change Strata Shown: --choose one-- show strata show overall cover show strata + overall
ord Author Plant Name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, Common Name Original Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, USDA Code Stratum Cover Original Cover Code Basal Area Biomass Inference Area Stems: Stem Diameters (graphically): 1 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Tree 17.5 % 6       -none- 2 Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Tree 7.5 % 5       -none- 3 Pinus taeda Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Tree 7.5 % 5       -none- 4 Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Shrub 17.5 % 6       -none- 5 Arundinaria sp. Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Shrub 17.5 % 6       -none- 6 Persea borbonia Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Shrub 17.5 % 6       -none- 7 Morella cerifera Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Shrub 7.5 % 5       -none- 8 Gaylussacia frondosa Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Shrub 7.5 % 5       -none- 9 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Shrub 1.5 % 3       -none- 10 Morella caroliniensis Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Shrub 0.05 % 1       -none- 11 Carex striata Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Herb 85 % 9       -none- 12 Woodwardia virginica Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Herb 7.5 % 5       -none- 13 Iris virginica var. virginica Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Herb 7.5 % 5       -none- 14 Smilax laurifolia Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Herb 1.5 % 3       -none- 15 Ilex opaca var. opaca Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Herb 1.5 % 3       -none- 16 Rhynchospora sp. Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 17 Mitchella repens Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 18 Lyonia mariana Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 19 Viburnum nudum Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 20 Carex sp. Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 21 Diospyros virginiana Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Diospyros virginiana **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 22 Eleocharis tuberculosa Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Eleocharis tuberculosa **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 23 Andropogon sp. Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Andropogon sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 24 Rhexia mariana var. mariana Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 25 Woodwardia areolata Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 26 Vaccinium stamineum Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 27 Ludwigia sp. Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 28 Triadenum virginicum Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 29 Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 30 Clethra alnifolia Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 31 Dichanthelium sp. #3 Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Dichanthelium sp. #3 **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 32 Andropogon virginicus Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 33 Rubus argutus Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 34 Hypericum hypericoides Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Hypericum hypericoides **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 35 Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 36 Dichanthelium sp. #2 Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 37 Dichanthelium sp. Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 38 Gelsemium sempervirens Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 39 Ilex glabra Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 40 Eupatorium sp. Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 41 Smilax glauca Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 42 Xyris iridifolia Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 43 Andropogon sp. #2 Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Andropogon sp. #2 **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 44 Andropogon glaucopsis Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 45 Poaceae sp. Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Poaceae sp. **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 46 Vaccinium fuscatum Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Vaccinium fuscatum **   Herb 0.505 % 2       -none- 47 Carex striata Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   module 85 % 9       -none- 48 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   module 17.5 % 6       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     13 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     3 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 49 Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   module 7.5 % 5       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 27.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 50 Arundinaria sp. Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   module 7.5 % 5       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     23 stem(s) 51 Woodwardia virginica Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   module 3.5 % 4       -none- 52 Gaylussacia frondosa Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   module 1.5 % 3       -none- 53 Morella cerifera Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   module 1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 54 Persea borbonia Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   module 1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     7 stem(s) 55 Carex sp. Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 56 Ilex opaca var. opaca Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 57 Morella caroliniensis Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   Morella caroliniensis **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 58 Gelsemium sempervirens Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   Gelsemium sempervirens **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 59 Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 60 Vaccinium stamineum Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 61 Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 62 Dichanthelium sp. Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   Dichanthelium sp. **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 63 Smilax laurifolia Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   module 0.05 % 1       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 64 Ilex glabra Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   module 0.05 % 1       -none- 65 Pinus taeda Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   module 0.05 % 1       -none- 66 Carex striata Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   module 85 % 9       -none- 67 Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   module 17.5 % 6       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 27.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 68 Arundinaria sp. Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   module 7.5 % 5       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     25 stem(s) 69 Woodwardia virginica Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   module 7.5 % 5       -none- 70 Persea borbonia Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     1 stem(s) 71 Pinus taeda Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 72 Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   module 1.5 % 3       -none- 73 Morella cerifera Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   module 1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 74 Rubus argutus Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   Rubus argutus **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 75 Iris virginica var. virginica Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 76 Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 77 Triadenum virginicum Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   Triadenum virginicum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 78 Gaylussacia frondosa Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 79 Smilax laurifolia Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     2 stem(s) 80 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 81 Xyris iridifolia Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   Xyris iridifolia **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 82 Ilex opaca var. opaca Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 83 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 84 Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 85 Carex striata Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   module 85 % 9       -none- 86 Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   module 17.5 % 6       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 27.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 32.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 87 Woodwardia virginica Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   Woodwardia virginica **   module 7.5 % 5       -none- 88 Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     7 stem(s) 89 Arundinaria sp. Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     48 stem(s) 90 Persea borbonia Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     7 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     2 stem(s) 91 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     5 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     1 stem(s) 92 Morella cerifera Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   module 1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     4 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     3 stem(s) 93 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   module 1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 94 Eupatorium sp. Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   Eupatorium sp. **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 95 Pinus taeda Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 96 Rhynchospora sp. Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   Rhynchospora sp. **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 97 Ludwigia sp. Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   Ludwigia sp. **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 98 Andropogon glaucopsis Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   Andropogon glaucopsis **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 99 Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 100 Iris virginica var. virginica Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 101 Rhexia mariana var. mariana Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   Rhexia mariana var. mariana **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 102 Smilax glauca Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   Smilax glauca **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 103 Dichanthelium sp. #2 Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   Dichanthelium sp. #2 **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 104 Smilax laurifolia Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 105 Andropogon virginicus Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 106 Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 107 Gaylussacia frondosa Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 108 Carex striata Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   Carex striata **   module 85 % 9       -none- 109 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   module 17.5 % 6       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     11 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     2 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     4 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 110 Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   module 17.5 % 6       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     4 stem(s) 32.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 111 Arundinaria sp. Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   module 7.5 % 5       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     37 stem(s) 112 Gaylussacia frondosa Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   Gaylussacia frondosa **   module 3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     2 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 113 Iris virginica var. virginica Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   Iris virginica var. virginica **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 114 Morella cerifera Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     6 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     1 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 115 Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 116 Andropogon virginicus Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   Andropogon virginicus **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 117 Smilax laurifolia Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     7 stem(s) 118 Viburnum nudum Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   Viburnum nudum **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 119 Clethra alnifolia Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   Clethra alnifolia **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 120 Persea borbonia Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     3 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 121 Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 122 Vaccinium stamineum Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   module 0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 123 Carex sp. Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   Carex sp. **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 124 Mitchella repens Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   Mitchella repens **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 125 Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 126 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 127 Woodwardia areolata Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   Woodwardia areolata **   module 0.505 % 2       -none- 128 Ilex glabra Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   Ilex glabra **   module 0.05 % 1       -none- 129 Pinus taeda Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   module 0.05 % 1       -none- 130 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 27.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 131 Lyonia mariana Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   Lyonia mariana **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     2 stem(s) 132 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     48 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     30 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     9 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     8 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     5 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 133 Morella cerifera Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   Morella cerifera **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     3 stem(s) 134 Persea borbonia Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   Persea borbonia **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     9 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     2 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     3 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 135 Pinus taeda Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   Pinus taeda **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     1 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 32.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 37.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 136 Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 137 Smilax laurifolia Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   Smilax laurifolia **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     12 stem(s) 138 Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   Nyssa biflora **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     8 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     7 stem(s) 27.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 139 Arundinaria sp. Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   Arundinaria sp. **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     50 stem(s) 1.75 cm ± 0.75 cm     26 stem(s) 140 Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana **   module           DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 0.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s)
This table is SORTABLE. Click the headers to sort ascending and descending.

Stratum Definitions:
Stratum Type Stratum Base Stratum Height Stratum Cover module       module       module       module       module       Herb 0 m 1 m 90 % Shrub 1 m 3 m 40 % Tree 3 m 35 m 55 %
This table is SORTABLE. Click the headers to sort ascending and descending.