PINN.954
» Citation URL: http://vegbank.org/cite/urn:lsid:vegtwig.vegbank.org:observation:2028-{D7DFE005-4D28-4462-9FBA-08085DF50120} » Citing info
Plot ID Fields:
Author Plot Code	PINN.954
Author Observation Code	PINN.954
Original Data Location	Pinnacles National Park, 5000 Highway 146, Paicines, CA
Location Fields:	MAP: Google | Yahoo | TopoZone | MapQuest
Confidentiality Status	exact location
Latitude	36.5176907750999 º
Longitude	-121.221760515106 º
Author Location	Pinnacles Natl. Monument
Location Narrative	North Wilderness Trail on westside of Park. Trail. Plot on west-facing slope just above and including N-S running drainage. Eriogonum fasciculatum and Cercocarpus understory. Quercus douglasii canopy. Toxicodendron in drainage. North Wilderness Trail runs through westernmost edge of plot. Lots of flies.
State or Province	California
Country	United States
Named Places	region|state|province: California area|country|territory: United States
Layout Fields:
Shape	circle
Area	1000 m²
Placement Method	Representative
Permanence	not permanent
Layout Narrative	circle, 17.6 m radius
Environment Fields:
Elevation	502 m
Slope Aspect	260 º
Slope Gradient	25 º
Topographic Position	Bottom to Upper 1/3 of slope
Surficial Deposits	Rhyolite
Rock Type	Rhyolite
Landscape Narrative	Upland
Percent Bedrock	0 %
Percent Rock / Gravel	2 %
Percent Litter	88 %
Percent Bare Soil	5 %
Percent Water	0 %
Percent Other	5 %
Name Other	Living Stems
Methods Fields:
Observation Start Date	07-Jul-2004 ± exact
Date Accuracy	exact
Project	Pinnacles National Monument
Cover Method	Percentage (%)
Stratum Method	CA Native Plant Society (CNPS)
Taxon Observation Area	1000 m²
Cover Dispersion	Entire
Overall Taxon Cover Values are Automatically Calculated?	no
Stem Observation Area	1000 m²
Plot Quality Fields:
Plot Validation Level	(2) classification plot: sufficient for inclusion in a classification revision
Overall Plot Vegetation Fields:
Dominant Stratum	Tree
Misc Fields:
--no data--

Taxa occurring on this plot-observation
Change plant label: --Choose a value-- Author's plant name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, USDA Code Original Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, Common Name
Change Strata Shown: --choose one-- show strata show overall cover show strata + overall
ord Author Plant Name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, Common Name Original Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, USDA Code Stratum Cover Original Cover Code Basal Area Biomass Inference Area Stems: Stem Diameters (graphically): 1 Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides **   CEBE3 Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides **   CEBE3 Medium 20 %         -none- 2 Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. foliolosum (Nutt.) S. Stokes ex Abrams Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum **   ERFAF2 Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. foliolosum (Nutt.) S. Stokes ex Abrams Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum **   ERFAF2 Medium 15 %         -none- 3 Ramalina Ramalina Ach. Ramalina Ramalina **   RAMAL2 Ramalina Ach. Ramalina Ramalina **   RAMAL2 Medium 3 %         -none- 4 Avena fatua Avena fatua L. Avena fatua Avena fatua **   AVFA Avena fatua L. Avena fatua Avena fatua **   AVFA Medium 3 %         -none- 5 Nassella pulchra Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Barkworth Nassella pulchra Nassella pulchra **   NAPU4 Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Barkworth Nassella pulchra Nassella pulchra **   NAPU4 Medium 1 %         -none- 6 Adenostoma fasciculatum Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. Adenostoma fasciculatum Adenostoma fasciculatum **   ADFA Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. Adenostoma fasciculatum Adenostoma fasciculatum **   ADFA Medium 1 %         -none- 7 Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum **   TODI Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum **   TODI Medium 1 %         -none- 8 Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus **   CECUC3 Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus **   CECUC3 Medium 1 %         -none- 9 Avena barbata Avena barbata Pott ex Link Avena barbata Avena barbata **   AVBA Avena barbata Pott ex Link Avena barbata Avena barbata **   AVBA Medium 0.5 %         -none- 10 Lonicera subspicata var. denudata Lonicera subspicata Hook. & Arn. var. denudata Rehder Lonicera subspicata var. denudata Lonicera subspicata var. denudata **   LOSUD Lonicera subspicata Hook. & Arn. var. denudata Rehder Lonicera subspicata var. denudata Lonicera subspicata var. denudata **   LOSUD Medium 0.5 %         -none- 11 Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC. Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis **   SACR2 Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC. Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis **   SACR2 Medium 0.5 %         -none- 12 Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii **   QUDO Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii **   QUDO Medium 0.5 %         -none- 13 Galium porrigens var. porrigens Galium porrigens Dempster var. porrigens Galium porrigens var. porrigens Galium porrigens var. porrigens **   GAPOP Galium porrigens Dempster var. porrigens Galium porrigens var. porrigens Galium porrigens var. porrigens **   GAPOP Medium 0.5 %         -none- 14 Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum **   DICAC5 Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum **   DICAC5 Medium 0.5 %         -none- 15 Rhamnus ilicifolia Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg Rhamnus ilicifolia Rhamnus ilicifolia **   RHIL Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg Rhamnus ilicifolia Rhamnus ilicifolia **   RHIL Medium 0.5 %         -none- 16 Clarkia unguiculata Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. Clarkia unguiculata Clarkia unguiculata **   CLUN Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. Clarkia unguiculata Clarkia unguiculata **   CLUN Medium 0.5 %         -none- 17 Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus Buckley ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus **   ELGLG Elymus glaucus Buckley ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus **   ELGLG Medium 0.5 %         -none- 18 Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana **   PISA2 Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana **   PISA2 Medium 0.5 %         -none- 19 Avena fatua Avena fatua L. Avena fatua Avena fatua **   AVFA Avena fatua L. Avena fatua Avena fatua **   AVFA Low 7 %         -none- 20 Bromus hordeaceus Bromus hordeaceus L. Bromus hordeaceus Bromus hordeaceus **   BRHO2 Bromus hordeaceus L. Bromus hordeaceus Bromus hordeaceus **   BRHO2 Low 2 %         -none- 21 Vulpia microstachys Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro Vulpia microstachys Vulpia microstachys **   VUMI Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro Vulpia microstachys Vulpia microstachys **   VUMI Low 1 %         -none- 22 Ranunculus californicus Ranunculus californicus Benth. Ranunculus californicus Ranunculus californicus **   RACA2 Ranunculus californicus Benth. Ranunculus californicus Ranunculus californicus **   RACA2 Low 1 %         -none- 23 Melica californica Melica californica Scribn. Melica californica Melica californica **   MECA2 Melica californica Scribn. Melica californica Melica californica **   MECA2 Low 1 %         -none- 24 Clarkia unguiculata Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. Clarkia unguiculata Clarkia unguiculata **   CLUN Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. Clarkia unguiculata Clarkia unguiculata **   CLUN Low 1 %         -none- 25 Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides **   CEBE3 Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides **   CEBE3 Low 1 %         -none- 26 Bromus diandrus Bromus diandrus Roth Bromus diandrus Bromus diandrus **   BRDI3 Bromus diandrus Roth Bromus diandrus Bromus diandrus **   BRDI3 Low 1 %         -none- 27 Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium L. Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium **   ACMI2 Achillea millefolium L. Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium **   ACMI2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 28 Lomatium utriculatum Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose Lomatium utriculatum Lomatium utriculatum **   LOUT Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose Lomatium utriculatum Lomatium utriculatum **   LOUT Low 0.5 %         -none- 29 Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Yatsk., Windham & E. Wollenw. ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis **   PETRT Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Yatsk., Windham & E. Wollenw. ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis **   PETRT Low 0.5 %         -none- 30 Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum **   TODI Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron diversilobum **   TODI Low 0.5 %         -none- 31 Bromus arenarius Bromus arenarius Labill. Bromus arenarius Bromus arenarius **   BRAR3 Bromus arenarius Labill. Bromus arenarius Bromus arenarius **   BRAR3 Low 0.5 %         -none- 32 Marah fabaceus Marah fabaceus (Naud.) Naud. ex Greene Marah fabaceus Marah fabaceus **   MAFA3 Marah fabaceus (Naud.) Naud. ex Greene Marah fabaceus Marah fabaceus **   MAFA3 Low 0.5 %         -none- 33 Lupinus bicolor Lupinus bicolor Lindl. Lupinus bicolor Lupinus bicolor **   LUBI Lupinus bicolor Lindl. Lupinus bicolor Lupinus bicolor **   LUBI Low 0.5 %         -none- 34 Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Duvin Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens **   BRMAR Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Duvin Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens **   BRMAR Low 0.5 %         -none- 35 Wyethia helenioides Wyethia helenioides (DC.) Nutt. Wyethia helenioides Wyethia helenioides **   WYHE Wyethia helenioides (DC.) Nutt. Wyethia helenioides Wyethia helenioides **   WYHE Low 0.5 %         -none- 36 Pholistoma auritum var. auritum Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja var. auritum Pholistoma auritum var. auritum Pholistoma auritum var. auritum **   PHAUA2 Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja var. auritum Pholistoma auritum var. auritum Pholistoma auritum var. auritum **   PHAUA2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 37 Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana **   PISA2 Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana **   PISA2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 38 Dodecatheon clevelandii ssp. patulum Dodecatheon clevelandii Greene ssp. patulum (Greene) H.J. Thomp. Dodecatheon clevelandii ssp. patulum Dodecatheon clevelandii ssp. patulum **   DOCLP Dodecatheon clevelandii Greene ssp. patulum (Greene) H.J. Thomp. Dodecatheon clevelandii ssp. patulum Dodecatheon clevelandii ssp. patulum **   DOCLP Low 0.5 %         -none- 39 Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. foliolosum (Nutt.) S. Stokes ex Abrams Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum **   ERFAF2 Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. foliolosum (Nutt.) S. Stokes ex Abrams Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum **   ERFAF2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 40 Phacelia distans Phacelia distans Benth. Phacelia distans Phacelia distans **   PHDI Phacelia distans Benth. Phacelia distans Phacelia distans **   PHDI Low 0.5 %         -none- 41 Hypochaeris Hypochaeris L. Hypochaeris Hypochaeris **   HYPOC Hypochaeris L. Hypochaeris Hypochaeris **   HYPOC Low 0.5 %         -none- 42 Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Erigeron foliosus Nutt. var. foliosus Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus **   ERFOF Erigeron foliosus Nutt. var. foliosus Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus **   ERFOF Low 0.5 %         -none- 43 Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hook. ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora **   CLPAP Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hook. ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora **   CLPAP Low 0.5 %         -none- 44 Micropus californicus var. californicus Micropus californicus Fisch. & C.A. Mey. var. californicus Micropus californicus var. californicus Micropus californicus var. californicus **   MICAC2 Micropus californicus Fisch. & C.A. Mey. var. californicus Micropus californicus var. californicus Micropus californicus var. californicus **   MICAC2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 45 Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium glomeratum **   CEGL2 Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium glomeratum **   CEGL2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 46 Ramalina Ramalina Ach. Ramalina Ramalina **   RAMAL2 Ramalina Ach. Ramalina Ramalina **   RAMAL2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 47 Bloomeria crocea Bloomeria crocea (Torr.) Coville Bloomeria crocea Bloomeria crocea **   BLCR Bloomeria crocea (Torr.) Coville Bloomeria crocea Bloomeria crocea **   BLCR Low 0.5 %         -none- 48 Stellaria pallida Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. Stellaria pallida Stellaria pallida **   STPA13 Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. Stellaria pallida Stellaria pallida **   STPA13 Low 0.5 %         -none- 49 Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata **   CLPEP Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata **   CLPEP Low 0.5 %         -none- 50 Yabea microcarpa Yabea microcarpa (Hook. & Arn.) Koso-Pol. Yabea microcarpa Yabea microcarpa **   YAMI Yabea microcarpa (Hook. & Arn.) Koso-Pol. Yabea microcarpa Yabea microcarpa **   YAMI Low 0.5 %         -none- 51 Madia Madia Molina Madia Madia **   MADIA Madia Molina Madia Madia **   MADIA Low 0.5 %         -none- 52 Collinsia heterophylla Collinsia heterophylla Buist ex Graham Collinsia heterophylla Collinsia heterophylla **   COHE Collinsia heterophylla Buist ex Graham Collinsia heterophylla Collinsia heterophylla **   COHE Low 0.5 %         -none- 53 Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus **   CECUC3 Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus **   CECUC3 Low 0.5 %         -none- 54 Trifolium willdenovii Trifolium willdenovii Spreng. Trifolium willdenovii Trifolium willdenovii **   TRWI3 Trifolium willdenovii Spreng. Trifolium willdenovii Trifolium willdenovii **   TRWI3 Low 0.5 %         -none- 55 Ranunculus hebecarpus Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Arn. Ranunculus hebecarpus Ranunculus hebecarpus **   RAHE Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Arn. Ranunculus hebecarpus Ranunculus hebecarpus **   RAHE Low 0.5 %         -none- 56 Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum **   CHPOP4 Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum **   CHPOP4 Low 0.5 %         -none- 57 Vulpia myuros Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. Vulpia myuros Vulpia myuros **   VUMY Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. Vulpia myuros Vulpia myuros **   VUMY Low 0.5 %         -none- 58 Pellaea andromedifolia Pellaea andromedifolia (Kaulf.) Fée Pellaea andromedifolia Pellaea andromedifolia **   PEAN2 Pellaea andromedifolia (Kaulf.) Fée Pellaea andromedifolia Pellaea andromedifolia **   PEAN2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 59 Uropappus lindleyi Uropappus lindleyi (DC.) Nutt. Uropappus lindleyi Uropappus lindleyi **   URLI5 Uropappus lindleyi (DC.) Nutt. Uropappus lindleyi Uropappus lindleyi **   URLI5 Low 0.5 %         -none- 60 Erodium botrys Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. Erodium botrys Erodium botrys **   ERBO Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. Erodium botrys Erodium botrys **   ERBO Low 0.5 %         -none- 61 Allium crispum Allium crispum Greene Allium crispum Allium crispum **   ALCR5 Allium crispum Greene Allium crispum Allium crispum **   ALCR5 Low 0.5 %         -none- 62 Moss Moss **   Bryophyta Mosses Moss **   Moss **   Bryophyta Mosses Moss **   Low 0.5 %         -none- 63 Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. var. intermedia (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Ganders Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia **   AMMEI2 Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. var. intermedia (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Ganders Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia **   AMMEI2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 64 Avena barbata Avena barbata Pott ex Link Avena barbata Avena barbata **   AVBA Avena barbata Pott ex Link Avena barbata Avena barbata **   AVBA Low 0.5 %         -none- 65 Gilia achilleifolia ssp. achilleifolia Gilia achilleifolia Benth. ssp. achilleifolia Gilia achilleifolia ssp. achilleifolia Gilia achilleifolia ssp. achilleifolia **   GIACA Gilia achilleifolia Benth. ssp. achilleifolia Gilia achilleifolia ssp. achilleifolia Gilia achilleifolia ssp. achilleifolia **   GIACA Low 0.5 %         -none- 66 Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii **   QUDO Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii **   QUDO Low 0.5 %         -none- 67 Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC. Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis **   SACR2 Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC. Sanicula crassicaulis Sanicula crassicaulis **   SACR2 Low 0.5 %         -none- 68 Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii **   QUDO Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Quercus douglasii Quercus douglasii **   QUDO Tall 35 %         -none- 69 Ramalina Ramalina Ach. Ramalina Ramalina **   RAMAL2 Ramalina Ach. Ramalina Ramalina **   RAMAL2 Tall 1 %         -none- 70 Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana **   PISA2 Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Pinus sabiniana Pinus sabiniana **   PISA2 Tall 0.5 %         -none- 71 Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia Quercus agrifolia Née var. agrifolia Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia **   QUAGA Quercus agrifolia Née var. agrifolia Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia **   QUAGA Tall 0.5 %         -none-
This table is SORTABLE. Click the headers to sort ascending and descending.

Stratum Definitions:
Stratum Type Stratum Base Stratum Height Stratum Cover Low 0 m 0.5 m 20 % Medium 0.5 m 4 m 45 % Tall 4 m   35 % Cover 5 m 10 m 35 % Cover 1 m 2 m 20 % Cover 0.5 m 1 m 15 % Cover 0.25 m 0.5 m 7 % Cover 0 m 0.25 m 2 %
This table is SORTABLE. Click the headers to sort ascending and descending.