Tall Salix dominated vegetation forming and open canopyoccurring on level benches such as the tops of moraines and at large springs where a constant watersupply allow growth of bryophytes. Soils are rocky and sandy with a thick humus layer and thaw depths (25-50 cm) are the most shallow of any association in the study area dueto the insulation provided by the bryophyte mat (Cooper 1986b). Entered byJozef Sibik and Silvia Chasnikova. Edited by L. Druckenmiller.