Name:
Tsuga canadensis - Fagus grandifolia - Quercus rubra Forest
Reference:
Eastern Ecology Working Group of...
Description:
This association comprises dry-mesic hemlock-mixed hardwood forests of the northeastern United States. It occurs on dry to dry-mesic, nutrient-poor, well-drained, often stony sandy loams or loamy sands over acidic bedrock. The canopy is a mixture of <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>, with <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> and/or <i>Quercus rubra</i> in variable proportions depending on soil (site) and disturbance characteristics. The overstory can range from mostly coniferous to mostly deciduous; drier sites tend to have more abundant beech or oak, and cooler sites tend to have more abundant hemlock. Associated tree species include <i>Betula lenta</i> (sometimes replaced by <i>Betula papyrifera</i> at the northern end of this type's range), <i>Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Shrubs are often sparse but locally abundant and, in addition to saplings of canopy species, include <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Acer pensylvanicum, Viburnum acerifolium, Kalmia latifolia</i>, and in the south <i>Ilex montana</i>. Though heaths may be present, they are rarely prominent. The herb layer is generally sparse but usually includes several of the following: <i>Mitchella repens, Lycopodium digitatum (= Diphasiastrum digitatum), Lycopodium obscurum, Lycopodium annotinum, Epifagus virginiana, Gaultheria procumbens, Maianthemum canadense, Trientalis borealis, Medeola virginiana, Aralia nudicaulis, Uvularia sessilifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris intermedia, Monotropa uniflora</i>, and occasionally <i>Lycopodium dendroideum, Coptis trifolia</i>, and <i>Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>.
Accession Code:
VB.CC.31061.CEGL006088
Plot-observations of this Community Concept:
0
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