Name:
Typha (angustifolia, latifolia) - (Schoenoplectus spp.) Eastern Herbaceous Vegetation
Reference:
Eastern Ecology Working Group of...
Description:
These tall emergent marshes are common throughout the northeastern United States and adjacent Canadian provinces. They occur in permanently flooded basins, often as part of a larger wetland mosaic and associated with lakes, ponds, or slow-moving streams. The substrate is muck over mineral soil. Lacustrine cattail marshes typically have a muck-bottom zone bordering the shoreline, where cattails are rooted in the bottom substrate, and a floating mat zone, where the roots grow suspended in a buoyant peaty mat. Tall graminoids dominate the vegetation; scattered shrubs are often present (usually totaling less than 25% cover) and are frequently shorter than the graminoids. Trees are absent. Bryophyte cover varies and is rarely extensive; bryophytes are mostly confined to the hummocks. <i>Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia</i>, or their hybrid <i>Typha x glauca</i> dominate, either alone or in combination with other tall emergent marsh species. Associated species vary widely; sedges, such as <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex lurida, Carex rostrata, Carex pellita (= Carex lanuginosa), Carex stricta, Scirpus cyperinus</i>, and bulrushes, such as <i>Schoenoplectus americanus (= Scirpus americanus)</i> and <i>Schoenoplectus acutus (= Scirpus acutus)</i>, occur along with patchy grasses, such as <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. Broad-leaved herbs include <i>Thelypteris palustris, Asclepias incarnata, Onoclea sensibilis, Symplocarpus foetidus, Calla palustris, Impatiens capensis, Sagittaria latifolia, Scutellaria lateriflora, Sparganium eurycarpum</i>, and <i>Verbena hastata</i>. Floating aquatics, such as <i>Lemna minor</i>, may be common in deeper zones. Shrub species vary across the geographic range of this type; in the northern part of its range, <i>Myrica gale, Ilex verticillata</i>, and <i>Spiraea alba</i> are common. The invasive exotic plants <i>Lythrum salicaria</i> and <i>Phragmites australis</i> may be abundant in parts of some occurrences. This association is distinguished from other northeastern freshwater marshes by the strong dominance of <i>Typha</i> spp.
Accession Code:
VB.CC.31189.CEGL006153
Plot-observations of this Community Concept:
0
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