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Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa - (Populus tremuloides) / Heracleum maximum Forest | Western Ecology Working Group of...
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Name: Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa - (Populus tremuloides) / Heracleum maximum Forest Reference: Western Ecology Working Group of... Description: This association has been described from the foothills of the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in northwestern Montana. It is found on the bottoms of narrow mountain valleys, intra- and inter-morainal depressions, areas possibly underlain by clay lenses, and fringing kettle lakes, from 1372-1678 m (4500-5500 feet) elevation. These sites have gentle slopes and occur on all aspects. Sites on southerly aspects are typically moist mountain slopes where soil moisture is probably augmented by subsurface flow. Soils are derived from alluvium (some deposited by slopewash), colluvium, or eolian materials derived from sedimentary rock types and layered over morainal drift. Soils are seasonally saturated and have relatively high organic matter. This forest association is dominated by the broad-leaved deciduous tree <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (= Populus trichocarpa)</i>, with <i>Populus tremuloides</i> usually present. Where both species are present, <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i> has at least 1-5% cover, and is the indicator species for this association. Occasional individuals of <i>Picea engelmannii</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> occur, but seedlings of these species are rare. The understory is characterized by a low-shrub layer composed of patches of <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i>. <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> and <i>Mahonia repens (= Berberis repens)</i> occur in most stands, but are typically not abundant. The herbaceous layer is diverse, well-developed and composed of species indicative of mesic conditions. Important perennial forbs include <i>Osmorhiza occidentalis, Heracleum maximum (= Heracleum lanatum), Actaea rubra, Galium triflorum, Viola canadensis</i>, and <i>Angelica arguta</i>. Other forbs of high constancy are <i>Thalictrum occidentale, Fragaria virginiana, Maianthemum stellatum (= Smilacina stellata), Geranium viscosissimum, Geranium richardsonii</i>, and <i>Packera pseudaurea (= Senecio pseudaureus)</i>. On sites that are transitional to those with permanently saturated soils, <i>Equisetum arvense, Streptopus amplexifolius</i>, and <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> become more important.  Accession Code: VB.CC.32193.CEGL000542 Plot-observations of this Community Concept: 0
	Party Perspective according to: NatureServe (organization) Perspective from: 17-Nov-2014 to: 01-May-2019
	status: accepted This Community's Level: association This Community's Children: [none]		Names:   UID: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689415 NatureServe Explorer   Translated: Black Cottonwood - (Quaking Aspen) / Common Cow-parsnip Forest   Scientific: Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa - (Populus tremuloides) / Heracleum maximum Forest   Code: CEGL000542