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Bolboschoenus maritimus - Cladium mariscus - Cyperus laevigatus Freshwater Marsh Group | NatureServe Biotics 2019
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Name: Bolboschoenus maritimus - Cladium mariscus - Cyperus laevigatus Freshwater Marsh Group Reference: NatureServe Biotics 2019 Description: Freshwater marshes occur on the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and throughout the main islands as a mostly small-patch group confined to limited areas in floodplain or basin topography. Vegetation is dominated by native emergent herbaceous bulrushes, sedges and grasses, including <i>Bolboschoenus maritimus, Cyperus</i> spp., and <i>Schoenoplectus</i> spp. Forbs include <i>Bacopa monnieri</i> and <i>Ludwigia octovalvis</i>. Introduced species include <i>Typha latifolia, Urochloa mutica</i>, and the subshrub <i>Pluchea indica</i>. In a few locations known to formerly support bodies of water on Hawai`i (Waimanu Valley) and O`ahu (Kawai Nui marsh and at Ka`au Crater), marsh vegetation is dominated by <i>Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense</i>. This group interfaces with saline tidal marsh in windward estuaries, where species from both freshwater and saltwater marshes coexist. This group occupies estuaries, surrounds open bodies of water, occurs in former ponds, and sometimes along streams and springs. Water levels in freshwater marshes fluctuate seasonally, but they usually retain standing water most of the year. Soils range from silty clays to deep gley mucks to loams and sand over less permeable subsoils. This group serves as important habitat for endemic and migratory waterbirds.  Accession Code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:40154-{9305B57D-4C70-4973-B928-AA55047406E0} Plot-observations of this Community Concept: 0
	Party Perspective according to: NatureServe (organization) Perspective from: 27-May-2016 to: ongoing
	status: accepted Community's Parent: Polynesian Freshwater Marsh Macrogroup This Community's Level: Group This Community's Children: [none]		Names:   UID: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.860813 NatureServe Explorer   Code: G428   Scientific: Bolboschoenus maritimus - Cladium mariscus - Cyperus laevigatus Freshwater Marsh Group