Name:
Tsuga canadensis - Fraxinus nigra - Chamaecyparis thyoides Flooded & Swamp Forest Macrogroup
Reference:
NatureServe Biotics 2019
Description:
This swamp forest macrogroup ranges from temperate regions of northwest Ontario east to Atlantic Canada, and from central Minnesota east to northern New England. It includes deciduous and coniferous trees, including <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Fraxinus nigra, Larix laricina, Picea rubens, Pinus strobus, Thuja occidentalis</i>, and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> to the north, and <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i> and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> to the south, with <i>Acer rubrum</i> usually present throughout the range and often strongly dominant in more successional stands. Occasionally, colder conditions favor <i>Abies balsamea, Picea glauca</i>, or <i>Picea mariana</i>, mixed with temperate trees, shrubs, and herbs. This macrogroup covers a wide pH range, and includes alkaline to circumneutral swamps and floodplains characterized by <i>Fraxinus nigra, Thuja occidentalis</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i> and acidic swamps characterized by <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides, Picea rubens</i>, and/or lacking <i>Thuja occidentalis</i> and <i>Fraxinus nigra</i>. Common shrubs may include <i>Clethra alnifolia, Gaylussacia dumosa, Ilex glabra, Eubotrys racemosa, Rhododendron viscosum</i> in the south; <i>Alnus incana, Ilex mucronata, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i> in the north, with <i>Ilex verticillata</i> and <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> over much of the range. Ferns may be common, including <i>Dryopteris cristata, Osmunda cinnamomea, Onoclea sensibilis, Thelypteris palustris</i>, and others. Sedges and <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses are common. Hummock-and-hollow microtopography is characteristic, and trees are often primarily confined to hummocks, with more hydrophytic herbaceous vegetation in hollows. These swamps form in basin wetlands that remain saturated for all or nearly all of the growing season, and may have standing water seasonally. Some occur on gently sloping seepage lowlands, and even basin settings may have some seepage influence, especially near the periphery.
Accession Code:
urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:40804-{9181C997-7835-48B6-80A1-BC022CD80C65}
Plot-observations of this Community Concept:
0
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