Name:
A.1193
Reference:
EcoArt 2002
Description:
This alliance includes herbaceous vegetation with ~Andropogon hallii$, occurring in the Great Plains from the United States-Canada border south to Texas. It is dominated by tall and midgrass species, with shortgrass species becoming important in the western portion of its range. ~Andropogon hallii$ is usually dominant or codominant. ~Calamovilfa longifolia$ is present to codominant in most stands south of the South Dakota-Nebraska border. ~Hesperostipa comata (= Stipa comata), Koeleria macrantha, Schizachyrium scoparium, Bouteloua gracilis, Bouteloua hirsuta, Eragrostis trichodes, Pascopyrum smithii$, and ~Sporobolus cryptandrus$ are typical grasses in stands of this alliance. Upland sedges are also very common, especially ~Carex filifolia, Carex inops ssp. heliophila$, and ~Carex duriuscula (= Carex eleocharis)$. Although graminoids are overwhelmingly dominant, several species of forbs can be found in many stands of this alliance. Some of the more common forbs are ~Ambrosia psilostachya, Psoralidium$ spp., ~Ipomoea leptophylla, Liatris punctata$, and ~Tradescantia occidentalis$. There may be widely scattered low shrubs, including ~Rosa woodsii, Prunus pumila var. besseyi$, and ~Yucca glauca$. In west Texas common associates on deep sands include ~Panicum havardii, Sporobolus giganteus$, and ~Calamovilfa gigantea$. Stands of this alliance occur on sand deposits, usually on gentle to steep slopes but sometimes on flat ground. The soils are sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam. They can be poorly to moderately well-developed. There is little runoff or evaporation because moisture quickly sinks into the coarse soil. Soil near the surface is consequently dry throughout much of the year, but moisture is present further down, favoring deep-rooting species such as ~Andropogon hallii$ and ~Calamovilfa longifolia$. Wind sometimes scours sand and vegetation from small areas, creating blowouts. These bare spots are initially colonized by species that are uncommon in this alliance, such as ~Muhlenbergia pungens$ and ~Redfieldia flexuosa$. Eventually, these blowouts succeed to one of the communities in the V.A.5.N.a ~~Andropogon hallii$ Herbaceous Alliance (A.1193)$$. These grasslands occur on semi-stabilized quartz sand dunes in eastern Trans-Pecos Texas, where they form landscape mosaics with ~Quercus havardii$ shrublands, wetland dune swales, and sparsely vegetated dunes. The rare plant, ~Penstemon haydenii$, an endemic to dune blowouts in the sandhills of Nebraska, may be endangered by the decline in habitat because of fire suppression and low to moderate stocking rates (Harrison 1980).
Accession Code:
VB.CC.963.A1193
Plot-observations of this Community Concept:
0
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