Login | Datasets | Logout
Jump to... Home PLOT search PLANT search COMMUNITY search Simple search Manage datasets Tutorial About FAQ ------- Site map VegBranch Data dictionary ERD

summarystemcount131658where_observation_pk131658

View VegBank Stems

The following stems are from the plot: 138-03-1620

Change plant label:
--Choose a value-- Author's plant name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, USDA Code Original Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, Common Name

ord	Author Plant Name	Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name	Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors	Original Interpretation, Common Name	Original Interpretation, USDA Code	Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name	Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors	Current Interpretation, Common Name	Current Interpretation, USDA Code	DBH	DBH err	Ht.	Ht. Err	#	Diameter Graphic
1	Aesculus sylvatica	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
2	Bignonia capreolata	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
3	Carya alba	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
4	Cornus florida	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
5	Cornus florida	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			3 stem(s)
6	Cornus florida	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
7	Cornus florida	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
8	Fraxinus pennsylvanica	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
9	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			2 stem(s)
10	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			1 stem(s)
11	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			2 stem(s)
12	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
13	Oxydendrum arboreum	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
14	Oxydendrum arboreum	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
15	Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	Parthenocissus quinquefolia **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
16	Quercus alba	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	52.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
17	Morus rubra	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	22.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
18	Morus rubra	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
19	Ilex opaca	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
20	Juniperus virginiana	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
21	Juniperus virginiana	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
22	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			2 stem(s)
23	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			10 stem(s)
24	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			1 stem(s)
25	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			5 stem(s)
26	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			1 stem(s)
27	Fagus grandifolia	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
28	Quercus rubra	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	61.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
29	Carya glabra	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
30	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	32.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
31	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	59.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
32	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	22.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
33	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	56.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
34	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
35	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			2 stem(s)
36	Vitis rotundifolia	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			2 stem(s)
37	Ilex opaca	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
38	Ilex opaca	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	Ilex opaca **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			3 stem(s)
39	Quercus rubra	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	52.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
40	Quercus rubra	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	Quercus rubra **	65.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
41	Fagus grandifolia	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
42	Fagus grandifolia	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			2 stem(s)
43	Fagus grandifolia	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	Fagus grandifolia **	58.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
44	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	58.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
45	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	49.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
46	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	41.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
47	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	43.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
48	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	47.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
49	Liriodendron tulipifera	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	Liriodendron tulipifera **	61.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
50	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			12 stem(s)
51	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	Elaeagnus umbellata **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			1 stem(s)
52	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
53	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			14 stem(s)
54	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			3 stem(s)
55	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	Liquidambar styraciflua **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
56	Vitis rotundifolia	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	Vitis rotundifolia **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			33 stem(s)
57	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			3 stem(s)
58	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
59	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	22.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
60	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	27.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
61	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	32.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
62	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			3 stem(s)
63	Acer rubrum	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	Acer rubrum **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			4 stem(s)
64	Diospyros virginiana	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	Diospyros virginiana **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			3 stem(s)
65	Bignonia capreolata	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	Bignonia capreolata **	0.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
66	Carya glabra	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
67	Carya glabra	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	Carya glabra **	12.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
68	Fraxinus pennsylvanica	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	Fraxinus pennsylvanica **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
69	Oxydendrum arboreum	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	Oxydendrum arboreum **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
70	Aesculus sylvatica	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	Aesculus sylvatica **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			1 stem(s)
71	Cornus florida	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
72	Cornus florida	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	Cornus florida **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
73	Morus rubra	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	Morus rubra **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)
74	Quercus alba	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	Quercus alba **	55.5 cm	± 0.5 cm			1 stem(s)
75	Nyssa sylvatica	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	Nyssa sylvatica **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
76	Carya alba	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
77	Carya alba	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	Carya alba **	17.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
78	Juniperus virginiana	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	7.5 cm	± 2.5 cm			1 stem(s)
79	Juniperus virginiana	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	1.75 cm	± 0.75 cm			1 stem(s)
80	Juniperus virginiana	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	Juniperus virginiana **	3.75 cm	± 1.25 cm			1 stem(s)