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Name
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Reference
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Description |
Comm #10031
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CEGL000193
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accession code: VB.CC.2819.CEGL000193
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #10032
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Larix occidentalis / Clintonia uniflora Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.28074.LARIXOCCIDENTAL
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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Broadly distributed throughout the northern Rocky Mountains and adjacent terrain, this large-patch to matrix seral community occupies relatively moist (mesic) and warm to cool sites having free air drainage and lacking frost pocket conditions. Elevations range in the north from760 to 1585 m (4500-5200 feet) (extreme outliers at 1710 m (5600 feet)), whereas to the south it ranges from 1060 to 1710 m (3500-5600 feet). It occurs on slopes of all degrees of steepness and aspect orientation, though it is more likely to occur from toeslope through midslope positions (predominantly collecting positions). At the dry extreme of its distribution it is more strongly associated with protected positions such as concave slopes, moist depressions on gentle slopes or plateaus, stringers along perennial stream bottoms, toeslopes and northeastern aspects. Though sites are mesic, verging on hygric, they are inferred to be only briefly or seasonally influenced, if at all, by a high water table; Larix occidentalis occurrence is strongly associated with well-drained positions. A wide variety of parent materials are represented, including those as disparate as granite and limestone, including all manner of glacial-fluvial material. In northern Idaho and northwestern Montana it is routinely found on ash caps, ranging from 3 to 60 cm in depth. The soil textures are predominantly loams and silt loams (reflecting in part the volcanic ash); soils typically have less than 15% coarse fragment content and are well-drained.This mesic seral association is characterized by Larix occidentalis dominating the upper canopy, though other tree species occur with lesser cover, including both other species considered almost exclusively seral Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola and those capable of functioning as both seral and climax species, including those from warmer environments, Pinus ponderosa (very limited representation), Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and Tsuga heterophylla and those of colder environments, Abies lasiocarpa, Abies grandis, and Picea engelmannii. The shrub layer may be highly diverse with tall shrubs (e.g., Acer glabrum, Taxus brevifolia, Amelanchier alnifolia), short shrubs (Symphoricarpos albus, Paxistima myrsinites, Rubus parviflorus, Spiraea betulifolia), and dwarf-shrubs (e.g., Chimaphila umbellata, Linnaea borealis, Mahonia repens) abundantly represented. The graminoid component is inconspicuous with no one species exhibiting high constancy, though Bromus vulgaris, Bromus ciliatus, and Calamagrostis rubescens are more consistently present and with greater cover than other graminoids. The cover of the diagnostic forbs Clintonia uniflora and Tiarella trifoliata is greatest when this type occurs in the zones potentially dominated by Thuja plicata and Tsuga heterophylla, up to 30% canopy cover (can even be a dominant forb), whereas in the colder environments characterized by Abies lasiocarpa, Abies grandis, and Picea engelmannii potential dominance cover of these diagnostics and all forbs is generally less. Other forbs of high constancy, at least in some portion of this association's considerable range, are Aralia nudicaulis, Adenocaulon bicolor, Coptis occidentalis, Cornus canadensis, Galium triflorum, Goodyera oblongifolia, Maianthemum stellatum, Osmorhiza berteroi (= Osmorhiza chilensis), Orthilia secunda (= Pyrola secunda), Thalictrum occidentale, Trillium ovatum, Viola glabella (or Viola canadensis), and Viola orbiculata. |
Comm #10033
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Abies grandis - Tsuga heterophylla / Clintonia uniflora Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.34593.CEGL000286
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This herb-rich coniferous forest association is found on the eastern slope of the Oregon Cascades. Stands are found around 1000 m elevation near streams or in areas where cool, moist air flows down from above. The canyon topography coupled with the lower slope position favored by this association assures a moist, cool environment with low fire risk. Precipitation averages 135 cm annually. Soils are fine, sandy loams derived from Breccia or ash over basalt parent material. The tree canopy averages nearly 90% cover and is dominated by <i>Abies grandis</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> with substantial (up to 20%) cover of <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i>. Additional conifers present in the overstory may include <i>Thuja plicata, Taxus brevifolia, Larix occidentalis</i>, and/or <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>. The shrub layer is characterized by dense patches of <i>Mahonia nervosa (= var. nervosa), Acer circinatum</i> and <i>Rosa gymnocarpa</i>. <i>Symphoricarpos mollis</i> is usually present and may become abundant where ground disturbance has occurred in mature stands. The herbaceous layer contains species characteristic of mesic eastside conditions: <i>Linnaea borealis, Achlys triphylla, Maianthemum stellatum (= Smilacina stellata), Viola glabella, Viola sempervirens</i>, and <i>Clintonia uniflora</i>. |
Comm #10034
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Abies grandis / Vaccinium caespitosum Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.34216.CEGL000288
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This plant association is described for the western Idaho Batholith and eastern Blue Mountains ecoregional sections and may occur in the Okanogan Highlands section. The association is restricted to alluvial terraces and glacial outwash, at 1400 to 1675 m (4600-5500 feet) elevation. Sites are located principally in the western Salmon River, West, and Cuddy mountains of central Idaho and possibly the eastern slope of the Kettle Range in northeastern Washington. These sites are typically prone to frost pocketing. Published descriptions are for mid-seral stands. Pole- and medium-sized <i>Pinus contorta</i> dominate the overstory of most stands. <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii, Picea engelmannii</i>, and <i>Larix occidentalis</i> are present in the overstory of late mid-seral stands. Dispersed <i>Abies grandis</i> understory establishment is usually present with <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>. The open understory is dominated by <i>Vaccinium caespitosum</i> and <i>Calamagrostis rubescens</i>. The association may appear similar to <i>~Pseudotsuga menziesii / Vaccinium caespitosum</i> Forest (CEGL000465)$$ or <i>~Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Vaccinium caespitosum</i> Forest (CEGL000340)$$, which may be distinguished by the presence of <i>Abies grandis</i> regeneration, adjacent upslope associations, or on the basis of elevation. In some situations sites may be identified as <i>~Pinus contorta / Vaccinium caespitosum</i> Forest (CEGL000168)$$. |
Comm #10035
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CEGL000977
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accession code: VB.CC.3579.CEGL000977
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #10036
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A.111
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accession code: VB.CC.883.A111
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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This giant forest alliance occurs within the maritime-influenced region of the Pacific Northwest from Oregon to British Columbia, Canada, primarily west of the crest of the Cascades and outside major coastal fog influence. Climate is moderate with only mild drought and frost, generally on sites which are moist to very wet. Elevation ranges from sea level to approximately 1000 m. Soil types are variable across its range, but most commonly with fine-textured, bottomland soils, usually with low nutrient concentrations. ~Thuja plicata$ trees appear to be quite tolerant of stagnant winter water tables. These forests are characterized by a multi-tiered tree canopy of~Thuja plicata$ that is typically codominated by ~Tsuga heterophylla$ and over 50 m in height. ~Pseudotsuga menziesii$ and ~Abies grandis$ may also be present. With increasing stand age, ~Thuja plicata$ becomes more prominent in the canopy. Most commonly the canopy includes other tree species, but can become monotypic on swampy sites. Broad-leaved cold-deciduous trees, such ~Acer macrophyllum, Alnus rubra, Cornus nuttallii$, and ~Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa$, often form a sparse subcanopy, particularly in gaps in the upper canopy. In southern Oregon stands, additional subcanopy tree species may include ~Chrysolepis chrysophylla (= Castanopsis chrysophylla), Arbutus menziesii$, and ~Lithocarpus densiflorus$. The shrub layer is commonly composed of ~Linnaea borealis, Gaultheria shallon, Rhododendron macrophyllum$, and ~Mahonia nervosa$. The herbaceous layer is usually dominated by shade-tolerant / moisture-loving forbs and ferns such as ~Achlys triphylla, Oxalis oregana, Viola sempervirens, Trillium ovatum, Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia (= Trientalis latifolia), Polystichum munitum, Blechnum spicant$, and ~Athyrium filix-femina$. Late successional stands typically have very large trees, huge amounts of woody debris, and better developed understories. Diagnostic of this forest alliance is a tree canopy over 50 m tall that is codominated by~Thuja plicata$. |
Comm #10037
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CEGL003108
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accession code: VB.CC.5316.CEGL003108
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #10038
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CEGL003110
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accession code: VB.CC.5317.CEGL003110
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #10039
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CEGL001574
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accession code: VB.CC.4142.CEGL001574
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #10040
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A.107
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accession code: VB.CC.839.A107
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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This coniferous forest alliance occurs at low elevations (0-1500 m) within the maritime-influenced region of the Pacific Northwest, generally west of the Cascade Mountains. Stands are best represented on lower mountain slopes of the coastal ranges with high precipitation, long frost-free periods, and low fire frequencies. Sites include upper slope and ridgetop positions, moist, rich sites such as ravines or north-facing slopes, or in depressions, swales and east- or west-facing slopes. Slopes are gentle to moderately steep. Soil types are variable, but growth is decreased on heavy soils or soils with poor drainage. These forests are characterized by a mixed canopy of ~Tsuga heterophylla$ and ~Pseudotsuga menziesii$, often with trees exceeding 50 m in height and a complex, multi-tiered structure of multiple age classes. ~Thuja plicata$ may codominate on valley bottom sites with poorly drained soils, and ~Tsuga heterophylla$ is generally the dominant regenerating tree species. However, young stands may lack ~Tsuga heterophylla$ or ~Thuja plicata$. Other common tree associates include ~Abies grandis, Picea sitchensis, Pinus monticola$, and in southwestern Oregon ~Pinus lambertiana, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Calocedrus decurrens$, and occasionally ~Pinus ponderosa$. A subcanopy of ~Acer macrophyllum, Chrysolepis chrysophylla (= Castanopsis chrysophylla), Lithocarpus densiflorus, Umbellularia californica$, and/or ~Taxus brevifolia$ may also be present. The moderately dense shrub layer is commonly composed of ~Acer circinatum, Mahonia nervosa, Rhododendron macrophyllum, Gaultheria shallon, Holodiscus discolor, Vaccinium ovatum$, and ~Oplopanax horridus$. The herbaceous layer is dominated by shade-tolerant forbs and ferns, including ~Pteridium aquilinum, Polystichum munitum, Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia (= Trientalis latifolia), Oxalis oregana, Achlys triphylla, Chimaphila umbellata, Linnaea borealis$, and many others. Diagnostic of this alliance is an upper tree canopy dominated by ~Tsuga heterophylla$ and ~Pseudotsuga menziesii$. |
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