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Comm #10681
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A.272
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accession code: VB.CC.1882.A272
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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This alliance includes ~Quercus rubra$-dominated forest vegetation of high elevations (over 3500 feet), montane landscapes in the central and southern Appalachians. A closed to very open canopy has trees that are often gnarled and stunted, especially on ridge crests. ~Quercus rubra$ is often the only canopy tree, but other species may have minor importance, including ~Acer rubrum, Crataegus punctata, Crataegus flabellata, Betula alleghaniensis$, and ~Betula lenta$. ~Quercus alba$ is a significant component of forests at high elevations in Virginia's Ridge and Valley and at the lower elevations of associations in the Southern Blue Ridge. Forests in this alliance have variable physiognomies, ranging from open herb-dominated understories to understories dominated by dense ericaceous shrubs. If a subcanopy is present, typical species include canopy species plus ~Hamamelis virginiana, Amelanchier arborea, Acer pensylvanicum, Halesia tetraptera$, and ~Ilex montana$. In forests with little or no shrub cover, herbaceous cover is dense and diverse, composed of sedges, ferns, and tall herbs, with dominance varying within and between occurrences. Typical herbaceous species include ~Ageratina altissima var. roanensis, Oclemena acuminata (= Aster acuminatus), Eurybia chlorolepis (= Aster chlorolepis), Eurybia divaricata (= Aster divaricatus), Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Carex pensylvanica, Clintonia umbellulata, Collinsonia canadensis, Conopholis americana, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Dioscorea villosa, Laportea canadensis, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Medeola virginiana, Monarda fistulosa, Potentilla canadensis, Prenanthes roanensis, Silene stellata, Solidago curtisii (= Solidago caesia var. curtisii)$, and ~Thelypteris noveboracensis$. Typical evergreen shrub dominants include ~Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron catawbiense$, and ~Rhododendron maximum$. Deciduous shrubs include ~Rhododendron calendulaceum, Vaccinium simulatum, Vaccinium erythrocarpum, Ilex montana, Gaylussacia ursina, Rubus canadensis, Corylus cornuta$, and ~Lyonia ligustrina$. Where shrub cover is dense, the herbaceous stratum is not diverse and is typically very sparse with scattered forbs; ~Galax urceolata, Solidago curtisii, Epigaea repens, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Conopholis americana, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Clintonia umbellulata, Eurybia divaricata$, and ~Dioscorea villosa$. Major compositional variation within these forests is related to a moisture gradient, which in turn is a function of topographic position and relative amount of solar radiation received. Forests in this alliance typically occur over well-drained, loamy soils underlain by Precambrian gneisses, schists, and granites. These soils are classified as Typic, Umbric, or Lithic Dystrochrepts, and Typic Haplumbrepts. Soils supporting these forests tend to have relatively high base status. Forests in this alliance occur on most of the major mountain ranges of the southern Appalachians at elevations of 1070-1525 m (3500-5000 feet) on broad ridges, mid to upper slope positions, and on steep rocky slopes at the heads of coves. Forests in this alliance are also known from the central (on granitic crests) and northern Blue Ridge (on middle to upper convex slopes) and in the northern Ridge and Valley. Damage by ice storms is probably the most common form of natural disturbance in these montane forests. On exposed sites these forests commonly contain, as inclusions, acidic rock outcrop communities and montane shrublands, and may grade into forests dominated by ~Tsuga caroliniana, Pinus rigida, Pinus pungens$, and ~Quercus prinus$. At higher elevations these forests often occur adjacent to or grade into forests dominated by ~Picea rubens, Abies fraseri$, or northern hardwood species (~Betula alleghaniensis, Fagus grandifolia, Aesculus flava$). In some areas, forests in this alliance are found adjacent to montane shrublands and grasslands. At low elevations, on dry sites, forests in this alliance may grade into forests dominated by mixed ~Quercus$ species. Many ~Quercus rubra$-dominated stands of today were, prior to the Chestnut Blight in the 1930s, dominated or codominated by ~Castanea dentata$ with scattered ~Quercus rubra$ and ~Acer rubrum$ in the canopy. The fungus ~Cryphonectria parasitica (= Endothia parasitica)$ eliminated ~Castanea dentata$ in the upper canopy, subsequently releasing the subcanopy ~Quercus rubra$, which eventually resulted in a nearly pure upper canopy of large ~Quercus rubra$. |
Comm #10682
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CEGL008382
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accession code: VB.CC.7719.CEGL008382
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #10683
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Tsuga mertensiana - Pinus contorta var. murrayana Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.32479.CEGL008688
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This forest association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. Stands are found at high elevations (2650-3020 m [8700-9900 feet]) on the upper portions of gentle to steep slopes (4-45°). Aspect varies but tends to be northerly. Slopes are often concave in shape. These sites are typically found on poorly developed to moderately well-developed soils with textures ranging from rocky gravel to loams. Soils are usually well-drained with depths that are shallow to deep. Parent material is granitic. Fire is uncommon and often restricted in size. This association and many of the high-elevation conifer association are extremely limited in extent on the east side due to harsh environmental conditions including relatively low precipitation and cold. Stands form sparse to moderately dense forests dominated by <i>Tsuga mertensiana</i> and <i>Pinus contorta</i>, although <i>Pinus contorta</i> is less abundant. Other tree species that may be found contributing to minor cover in this association include <i>Abies magnifica, Pinus monticola, Pinus jeffreyi</i>, and <i>Pinus lambertiana</i>. The understory layer is often open and my include <i>Juncus</i> sp., <i>Lupinus</i> sp., <i>Lonicera conjugialis, Carex</i> sp., <i>Chrysolepis sempervirens, Spiraea splendens (= Spiraea densiflora)</i>, and <i>Antennaria media (= Antennaria alpina var. media)</i>. |
Comm #10684
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Salix commutata / Carex scopulorum Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.20204.SALIXCOMMUTATAC
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This association is restricted to high elevations along the crest of the Cascades in Oregon and Washington (mainly on the east side), the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon, and headwaters of tributary streams to the Middle Fork Salmon River in west-central Idaho. It possibly also occurs in California and British Columbia. Elevations range from about 1524 to 2377 m (5000-7800 feet) in the upper reaches of small streams or near lakeshores. Sites supporting this association vary from narrow to broad valleys with low to moderate gradients. Soils are poorly to very poorly drained (saturated for most of the growing season) and cold, with the water table at or near the surface all year. This association often forms small patches of shrub-carr in sloped, flow-through peatlands affiliated with seeps and springs emanating from lateral moraines or mountain slopes. Such sites are often at the margins of small intermediate to rich fens characterized by hummocks, undulations, and numerous rivulets. Soils at these sites are organic loam or peat (over 35 cm thick) with poorly decomposed large woody debris incorporated. Occasionally, stands form on floodplains or streambanks with fine-textured mineral loamy soils. Salix commutata is the dominant shrub, forming an open stand of scattered individuals to a dense overstory (15-95% cover) only 0.20 m to 1.1 m tall on average. Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia (= var. monica) and Lonicera caerulea are occasionally abundant shrubs, but their constancy is not high. Carex scopulorum is typically the most abundant and highly constant understory species, often with high cover. Calamagrostis canadensis has high constancy in this association, with cover averaging about 10%. Other mesic graminoids are often present, and occasionally locally abundant, such as Carex cusickii, Carex nigricans, Carex spectabilis (in Washington stands), Carex utriculata, and Eleocharis quinqueflora. Numerous forbs are also usually present and occasionally locally abundant. The most characteristic include Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii (= Caltha biflora), Dodecatheon jeffreyi, Equisetum arvense, Pedicularis groenlandica, Polemonium occidentale, Potentilla flabellifolia, Saxifraga spp., Packera buekii (= Senecio cymbalarioides), and Viola spp. Moss cover can be very high, with mats sometimes covering nearly all of the soil surface. Sphagnum spp. are occasional. |
Comm #10685
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CEGL002579
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accession code: VB.CC.4992.CEGL002579
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #10686
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Chrysolepis sempervirens / Sparse Understory Sierran Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.34033.CEGL008695
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This shrubland association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. This association is found from approximately 1830-2620 m (6000-8600 feet) in elevation. It occurs primarily in low or midslope positions, in boulder fields, near outcrops, and on glaciated surfaces on moderate to somewhat steep slopes with variable aspects. Soil textures are rocky loamy sands through silty loams, are derived from granite, and are moderately well- to well-drained. Litter/duff cover ranges from 20-80%. Sites are upland. This association is characterized by a high shrub cover dominated by <i>Chrysolepis sempervirens</i>. Tree species include <i>Abies magnifica, Abies concolor</i>, and <i>Calocedrus decurrens</i>, but they are infrequent and have low cover. Shrub cover ranges from 60-90 %, with the dominant, <i>Chrysolepis sempervirens</i>. Other shrub species may include <i>Prunus emarginata, Arctostaphylos patula</i>, and <i>Quercus vacciniifolia</i>; however, none are frequent or have high average cover. Cover of herbaceous species averages 5%. No herb species are consistent, but stands may include <i>Pteridium aquilinum, Apocynum androsaemifolium</i>, and <i>Erigeron breweri</i>. |
Comm #10687
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Populus angustifolia - Populus deltoides - Salix amygdaloides Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.32636.CEGL000656
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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Comm #10688
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Salix orestera / Senecio triangularis Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.32529.CEGL008700
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This shrubland association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. This association grows on the uplands on the margins of subalpine lakes between 2900 and 3200 m (9500-10,500 feet) of elevation. Stands prefer gentle to moderate slopes with east to northeast aspects. Soils are seasonally saturated sands to silt loams. This shrubland forms a canopy between 0.5-2 m in height dominated by <i>Salix orestera</i> with minor cover provided by <i>Phyllodoce breweri</i> and <i>Vaccinium caespitosum</i>. The herbaceous understory is heavily dominated by the diagnostic species <i>Senecio triangularis</i>, with significant amounts of <i>Senecio scorzonella</i>. <i>Arnica mollis</i> occurs in some stands. Other common herbaceous associates may include <i>Antennaria media, Castilleja lemmonii, Pedicularis attollens</i>, and/or <i>Potentilla drummondii</i>. Several graminoids occur in small amounts, though some stands may contain up to 8% cover of <i>Ptilagrostis kingii</i>. Other graminoids may include <i>Carex spectabilis, Poa stebbinsii, Trisetum spicatum, Ptilagrostis kingii, Carex exserta</i>, and/or <i>Luzula subcongesta</i>. |
Comm #10689
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Batis maritima - Sarcocornia pacifica Dwarf-shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.34824.CEGL003956
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
0
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This association includes regularly to irregularly flooded tidal areas dominated (often with 95% or more cover) by <i>Batis maritima</i>. Other species can include <i>Sarcocornia pacifica, Sporobolus virginicus, Borrichia frutescens, Suaeda</i> sp., <i>Lycium carolinianum, Spartina spartinae, Monanthochloe littoralis, Sesuvium portulacastrum</i>, and <i>Blutaparon vermiculare</i>. This community generally lacks trees, though scattered individuals of <i>Avicennia germinans</i> can occur in Florida and southern Texas. It may occur as a narrow band or occupy areas up to at least 100 hectares. This is generally a subtropical community, which also ranges northwards into the warmest portions of the temperate southeastern United States. |
Comm #10690
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CEGL004595
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accession code: VB.CC.6132.CEGL004595
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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