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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #1061	Ceanothus megacarpus - Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31926-{E261EB6B-66CB-4FD7-870B-1A385BEC0015}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This shrubland association occurs in the Santa Monica Mountains region of California on gentle to steep northwest- and northeast-facing slopes at low elevations between 110 and 701 m. It is characterized by a dominance of <i>Ceanothus megacarpus</i> and a subdominance of <i>Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber</i> in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer is generally insignificant in mature stands. The emergent tree layer is generally absent but may contain both introduced and native species.
Comm #1062	Pinus serotina - (Liriodendron tulipifera) / Lyonia lucida - Clethra alnifolia - Ilex glabra Swamp Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33223-{0A599C56-9685-42DA-8D0B-71F4079D6B99}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	Linear pocosins occurring along streams in the Fall-line Sandhills region of the Carolinas.
Comm #1063	Phragmites australis ssp. australis Tidal Ruderal Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33029-{F95D74A1-7B9A-4CFE-B804-7970DAD79CD7}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This community is a dense tall grassland indicative of disturbance. It occurs in a range of tidal wetland habitats from fresh to brackish in salinity. It is characterized by dense stands of <i>Phragmites australis ssp. australis</i>, an exotic taxon which tends to grow in colonies of tall, stout, leafy plants often to the exclusion of all other vascular plant species. Associated species are highly variable, depending on the community that has been invaded. Spreading in large colonies, <i>Phragmites</i> eventually dominates disturbed areas at coverage up to 100%. More typically, though, scattered individuals of other species may occur, such as sparse <i>Morella cerifera</i> shrubs, <i>Kosteletzkya virginica, Calystegia sepium, Boehmeria cylindrica, Typha angustifolia, Apocynum cannabinum, Rosa palustris, Polygonum</i> sp., and <i>Mikania scandens</i>. Vines of <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> are also frequent, but typically occur at low cover. This community has a broad geographic range, including coastal areas of the eastern and southeastern United States and Canada.
Comm #1064	Uniola paniculata Herbaceous Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32884-{A398E65D-F810-4360-B486-F736D8159D8A}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17
Comm #1065	Juncus (dichotomus, scirpoides) - Drosera intermedia Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32956-{7217CC8E-B95D-4254-ABA1-C29F398BCC69}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This interdunal swale community of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia occurs in small, shallow, saturated depressions. Soils are characterized by a shallow organic layer overlying sands. Sedges and rushes are strongly dominant, including species such as <i>Juncus dichotomus, Juncus canadensis, Juncus biflorus, Juncus scirpoides, Juncus acuminatus, Juncus megacephalus, Juncus canadensis, Cyperus odoratus, Scleria verticillata, Rhynchospora colorata</i>, and <i>Fimbristylis castanea</i>. Common associates include several "bog-loving" species of acidic, saturated environments, including <i>Drosera intermedia, Lycopodiella appressa, Utricularia subulata, Utricularia juncea, Fuirena pumila, Xyris jupicai</i>, and <i>Xyris caroliniana</i>, as well as other herbaceous associates including <i>Linum medium, Eupatorium hyssopifolium var. hyssopifolium, Euthamia caroliniana, Andropogon virginicus, Triadenum virginicum</i>, and <i>Solidago sempervirens</i>. Examples of this association are variable in floristic composition, but can be differentiated from ~<i>Schoenoplectus pungens - Fimbristylis (castanea, caroliniana)</i> Marsh (CEGL004117)$$ by the strong dominance by <i>Juncus</i> spp. and the presence of species typical in bog settings, including <i>Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Lycopodiella appressa</i>, and others.
Comm #1066	Taxodium distichum - Nyssa biflora / Berchemia scandens - Toxicodendron radicans / Woodwardia areolata Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33218-{C9AF43FE-57A0-4FE9-864E-12163D2D5BCB}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This is a nonriverine swamp forest of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia. Surface water stands in low spots in the winter, but overall the hydrology is probably best considered to be saturated. Vegetation is dominated by <i>Taxodium distichum</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>, with less frequent <i>Populus heterophylla, Nyssa aquatica</i>, and <i>Fraxinus profunda</i>. Disturbed examples of this community may exhibit a dominance of <i>Nyssa aquatica</i>. The subcanopy includes <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Ilex opaca</i>. The shrub stratum includes infrequent <i>Viburnum nudum</i>. Woody vines and lianas are frequent and include <i>Berchemia scandens, Campsis radicans, Smilax rotundifolia, Vitis rotundifolia, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Decumaria barbara</i>. The herb stratum is not well-developed but includes <i>Woodwardia areolata</i>.
Comm #1067	Gaylussacia frondosa - Clethra alnifolia - Arundinaria tecta / Aristida stricta - Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum Seepage Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33256-{296975EA-414B-4579-B8D3-28588747A787}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This type covers seepage-fed herbaceous or shrub-herb wetlands of sandhills terrain found primarily in the Sandhills region but present in scarps and sand ridges elsewhere in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and South Carolina. These are generally small areas on slopes, but can occur at slope bases where water is forced to the surface by a clay layer. This type covers less wet types of Sandhill seeps which may be seasonally rather than permanently saturated and which may occur alone or as an outer zone to permanently saturated seeps. Sandhill seeps consist of a dense to open growth of various wetland shrubs and herbs, or mixtures of wetland and upland species, with structure determined by fire regime. Common shrubs include <i>Clethra alnifolia, Lyonia lucida, Aronia arbutifolia, Ilex glabra, Gaylussacia frondosa, Symplocos tinctoria, Morella caroliniensis</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron vernix</i>. A variety of other shrubs may be present in some sites. <i>Arundinaria tecta</i> may dominate in places, especially in frequently burned sites. <i>Osmunda cinnamomea</i> often dominates annually burned sites. Canopy species include <i>Pinus serotina, Pinus palustris</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. <i>Acer rubrum, Magnolia virginiana</i>, and <i>Persea palustris</i> are often present in the midstory. Herbs are sparse under shrub cover but may dominate frequently burned sites. Typical herbs include <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Xyris caroliniana, Pteridium aquilinum, Woodwardia virginica, Dichanthelium</i> spp., <i>Andropogon glomeratus, Ctenium aromaticum, Sarracenia flava, Sarracenia purpurea, Sarracenia rubra, Drosera capillaris, Rhexia alifanus, Polygala lutea, Eupatorium pilosum</i>, and <i>Aristida stricta</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. are common. On frequently burned sites a great diversity of other herbs may also be present. Community structure is strongly controlled by fire regime. Because of their small size, Sandhill seeps are subject to fires spreading from adjacent sandhill communities, and under natural fire regimes they probably burned more frequently than other similarly wet communities. At least parts of them burned almost as frequently as the adjoining sandhill communities. Under frequent fire Sandhill seeps are open and herb-dominated. In the absence of fire shrubs quickly expand and the vegetation becomes pocosin-like. The nutrient dynamics of these communities are not known. The presence of clay in the soil may allow greater retention of nutrients than in sandy soils, although the seepage is likely to be very low in nutrients. Like other small communities in sandhill areas, nutrients mobilized by fire may be available to Sandhill seeps even if they do not themselves burn. These communities are distinguished by the occurrence of wetland vegetation on seepage slopes. The boundary with Streamhead Pocosin may be difficult to determine in some areas. In infrequently burned areas where both are shrubby, Sandhill seeps may be recognized by partial or total isolation from a stream system, location on a sharp slope break, or by remnants of the herbaceous vegetation beneath the shrubs. Herb-dominated Sandhill seeps may be distinguished by their occurrence on relatively small, sloping, seepage-fed areas in sandhills. This seep type is distinguished from the other wetter types by a drier flora that includes abundant <i>Aristida stricta</i> and <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i> and general lack of <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Sarracenia flava, Calamovilfa brevipilis</i>, and other more water-loving plants. Typical shrubs are <i>Gaylussacia frondosa, Clethra alnifolia, Ilex glabra</i>, and <i>Arundinaria tecta</i>, with species such as <i>Lyonia lucida, Cyrilla racemiflora, Toxicodendron vernix</i>, and <i>Ilex coriacea</i> absent.
Comm #1068	Juniperus communis - (Juniperus virginiana) - Rhus aromatica - Viburnum rafinesqueanum / Oligoneuron album Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33975-{BF0A10ED-5055-4385-8E86-405BCD4219D0}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	The juniper alvar shrubland type occurs throughout the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, in northern New York, southern Ontario, northern Ohio, northern Michigan, and eastern Wisconsin. Stands occur on very shallow soils (usually less than 30 cm deep) over flat limestone outcrops (pavements). Moisture varies over the season, but summer droughts are typical. Juniper alvar shrublands often occur in a patchy landscape mosaic with other alvar communities, including tufted hairgrass wet alvar grassland, little bluestem alvar grassland, annual alvar pavement-grassland, alvar nonvascular pavement, and poverty grass dry alvar grassland. Grikes (eroded cracks in the rock up to 2 m or more deep and extending 5-30 m in length) may occur, with shrubs and trees rooted in the cracks. Shrubs dominate, with over 25% cover of tall, short, and dwarf-shrubs; the average is about 43% cover of shrubs, with less than 10% of that being tall shrubs. Characteristic tall shrubs (2-5 m tall) are scrub forms of trees such as <i>Juniperus virginiana, Thuja occidentalis</i>, and <i>Quercus macrocarpa</i>. Tree forms (&gt;5 m tall) of these species may be present, but trees have less than 10% cover in the community. Other less common trees (&gt;5 m tall) that may be present include <i>Carya ovata, Ulmus thomasii</i>, and <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. Characteristic short shrubs (0.5-2 m tall) include <i>Juniperus communis, Cornus racemosa, Rhus aromatica, Prunus virginiana</i>, and <i>Viburnum rafinesqueanum</i>. Some dwarf-shrubs (under 0.5 m tall) are usually present, including <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> and <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i>. Characteristic vines include <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and <i>Vitis riparia</i>. The herb layer forms a dry, grassy meadow between the shrubs; average cover of herbs is about 23%. The most abundant herbs are <i>Danthonia spicata, Oligoneuron album</i>, and <i>Carex umbellata</i>. Less than 50% of the ground surface is exposed limestone bedrock, which is usually covered with lichens, mosses, and algae.
Comm #1069	Quercus ellipsoidalis - Quercus macrocarpa - (Pinus banksiana) Rocky Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34009-{82C1E065-6F51-4450-BB96-C24A3971EB1C}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This oak - (pine) rocky woodland community is found in restricted areas of the subboreal regions of the Lake States in the United States and in adjacent Canada. Stands occur on warm, rocky outcrops and well-drained sandy sites. Soils are shallow, dry to fresh, and rapidly drained. The tree canopy is scattered and often stunted. This type is characterized by either a canopy dominated by <i>Quercus ellipsoidalis</i>, with occasional <i>Quercus macrocarpa</i> or <i>Pinus banksiana</i>, or with large <i>Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa</i>, or <i>Pinus strobus</i> either forming an emergent canopy over the oak trees, or mixed with the oaks. These evergreen trees may have 25-75% cover; thus this type varies from pure deciduous to mixed evergreen-deciduous, and from 30% cover (woodland physiognomy) to 90% cover (forest physiognomy). <i>Corylus cornuta, Viburnum rafinesqueanum, Quercus ellipsoidalis</i>, and <i>Amelanchier</i> spp. are the most abundant species in the shrub layers and usually cover 20-40% of the forest floor. <i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i> is the most common dwarf-shrub and is present at low (&lt;25%) cover. In stands with much exposed bedrock, the dwarf-shrubs <i>Juniperus communis, Prunus pumila, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i>, and <i>Comptonia peregrina</i> may also be present. Cover of the herbaceous layer is highly variable, ranging from 20-80%, with the most abundant herbs being <i>Pteridium aquilinum, Eurybia macrophylla</i>, and <i>Aralia nudicaulis</i>. Species typical of bedrock outcrops and shallow soils can also be found and include <i>Danthonia spicata, Poa alsodes, Elymus trachycaulus, Maianthemum canadense, Schizachne purpurascens</i>, and <i>Oryzopsis asperifolia</i>. The nonvascular layer can be absent or present with up to 30% cover. In the open bedrock areas this layer consists mainly of the lichens <i>Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis</i>, and <i>Cladonia stellaris</i> and, to a lesser degree, the mosses <i>Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Hedwigia ciliata</i>, and <i>Orthotrichum</i> spp. Under the canopy of oaks, the nonvascular strata consists primarily of <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> and <i>Dicranum</i> spp. Diagnostic features of the type include the forest or woodland canopy consisting primarily of <i>Quercus ellipsoidalis</i>, with varying amounts of <i>Quercus macrocarpa, Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa</i> and <i>Pinus strobus</i>, and a rocky substrate, with dry herbaceous, moss, and lichen species.
Comm #1070	Quercus muehlenbergii / Packera plattensis - Parthenium auriculatum - Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34680-{04124E4C-10F9-4BB3-8826-A522668042B2}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	17	This community type is a dolomite woodland of the Ridge and Valley of Virginia. It is physiognomically variable, often containing patch-mosaics of semi-closed, forb-rich woodlands, shrub thickets, and small grassy openings. The average expression appears to be an open to very open woodland with a sparse layer of somewhat stunted trees 6-10 m tall and scattered emergent trees 10-15 m tall. Mean stratum cover for each tree stratum is 15% in the four plots analyzed here. However, because plots were often placed in the most open portions of these woodlands, mean cover in tree strata may be somewhat understated. <i>Quercus muehlenbergii</i> is the most constant and abundant tree. <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> and, more locally, <i>Pinus strobus</i> are its most frequent associates. <i>Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Fraxinus americana</i>, and <i>Magnolia acuminata</i> are occasional components of the 6- to 10-m tall tree layer. <i>Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Cornus florida, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> comprise most of the shrub layer (mean stratum cover = 50%), along with sapling <i>Pinus strobus</i> and <i>Quercus muehlenbergii</i>. The herbaceous layer (mean stratum cover = 56%) contains a mixture of drought-tolerant graminoids, forbs, and low shrubs such as <i>Berberis canadensis, Ceanothus americanus, Hypericum prolificum, Rhus aromatica var. aromatica</i>, and <i>Rosa carolina</i>. Dominant or locally abundant herbs include <i>Carex pensylvanica, Dichanthelium boscii, Helianthus divaricatus, Phlox latifolia, Parthenium auriculatum, Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium</i>, and <i>Packera plattensis</i>. Thinly shaded, forb-dominated phases contain many distinctive herbaceous species, including <i>Symphyotrichum laeve, Brickellia eupatorioides var. eupatorioides, Helianthus laevigatus, Solidago arguta var. harrisii, Taenidia integerrima, Thalictrum revolutum</i>, and <i>Zizia aptera</i>. Small openings are characterized by the grasses <i>Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium, Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans, Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula</i>, and <i>Sporobolus clandestinus</i>. Light-demanding forbs such as <i>Echinacea laevigata, Liatris aspera var. intermedia, Lithospermum canescens</i>, and <i>Lobelia spicata var. leptostachys</i> may also be prominent in these openings, which resemble very small, prairie-like barrens.