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Description |
Comm #10721
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Sorghastrum nutans - Andropogon glomeratus - Silphium laciniatum Herbaceous Vegetation
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accession code: VB.CC.35206.CEGL007774
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
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This mesic blackland prairie community occurs in the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas along the lower slopes and areas of relatively high soil moisture. Seepage is common along the lower slopes during periods of high rainfall. Water may 'pond' briefly in localized depressions due to the tight soils. Vegetation is typically thick, 6 feet tall or greater. This community becomes shrubby with fire suppression. Animals create bare areas for use as mineral licks. Fuel accumulation is rapid. Dominant species include <i>Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon glomeratus</i>, and <i>Silphium laciniatum</i>. Other herbaceous species include <i>Acacia angustissima</i> (rare?), <i>Centrosema virginianum, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Dalea purpurea, Desmanthus illinoensis, Eryngium yuccifolium, Eupatorium altissimum, Helianthus grosseserratus, Ruellia humilis, Schizachyrium scoparium, Scirpus pendulus, Silphium integrifolium, Oligoneuron rigidum, Tragia urticifolia, Tripsacum dactyloides, Vernonia baldwinii</i>, and <i>Vernonia missurica</i>. The non-natives <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i>, and <i>Melilotus officinalis</i> can be abundant in disturbed areas. Woody species, including <i>Sideroxylon lanuginosum (= Bumelia lanuginosa), Berchemia scandens, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Cornus florida, Diospyros virginiana, Fraxinus americana, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Quercus muehlenbergii, Rhus glabra, Smilax bona-nox</i>, and <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i>, occur locally during periods of fire suppression, colonizing and growing faster than in the drier blackland prairie communities. High-quality examples of this community type exist at the Terre Noire Natural Area and southern end of the International Paper Blackland Prairie. Additional high quality examples are located on the Keadle, Brewer, and McElhannon tracts. The type location is in Clark County, Arkansas. Other examples can be found in Howard and Hempstead counties and should be found in Little River, Nevada, and Sevier counties, Arkansas. |
Comm #10722
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Pinus contorta / Pedicularis racemosa Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.36576.CEGL000156
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This early-seral forest type has been described from southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming, where it grows on gentle to moderately steep terrain with a variety of aspects. It may also occur in Utah. <i>Pinus contorta var. latifolia</i> dominates the overstory or codominates with <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca</i> or <i>Picea engelmannii</i>; older stands contain <i>Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa</i> in the overstory. <i>Paxistima myrsinites</i> and <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i> usually are present in the undergrowth but contribute little cover. <i>Pedicularis racemosa</i> is common and often dominates the herbaceous undergrowth. <i>Arnica cordifolia</i> and <i>Eucephalus engelmannii</i> are often common as well. |
Comm #10723
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V.A.2.N.h
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accession code: VB.CC.633.VA2NH
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #10724
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CEGL008386
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accession code: VB.CC.7723.CEGL008386
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #10725
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Pinus contorta / Carex geyeri Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.36552.CEGL000141
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This is a vast cold and dry forest of the Yellowstone Plateau, common on the granitic substrates of central Idaho and in the lodgepole pine belt of Colorado. This forest association occurs on near-flat to rolling terrain (slopes range from 5-25%) on generally deeper soil than other <i>Pinus contorta</i> types. Elevation range is from 2130 to 2800 m (6993-9200 feet). It occupies vast rhyolitic flows in Yellowstone National Park. In general this type occupies the cool, dry aspects of relatively gentle terrain. Soils are well-drained silt loams, sandy clay loams or sandy loams, are moderately permeable and moderately deep. The ground cover is primarily litter and duff; exposed rock is generally less than 10%. This is a dry to submesic, high-elevation forest distinguished by dominance of <i>Pinus contorta</i> in the tree layer and by <i>Carex geyeri</i> in the herbaceous layer. <i>Pinus contorta</i> is the sole dominate tree and is successfully reproducing. If other conifers such as <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> or <i>Pinus albicaulis</i> are present, they have less than 10% cover. Shrub cover is sparse throughout its range. The herbaceous layer is dominated by <i>Carex geyeri</i>. Other graminoids that may be present include <i>Danthonia intermedia, Calamagrostis rubescens, Elymus glaucus, Achnatherum nelsonii</i>, and <i>Poa wheeleri</i>. Forb cover is generally low (1-3%). This forest association is distinguished from similar types by the dominance of <i>Pinus contorta</i> (at least 10% cover, has a higher cover than that of other conifers if present, and is successfully reproducing). |
Comm #10726
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Pinus contorta / Ceanothus velutinus Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.33177.CEGL000145
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This is a dry, well-drained forest occurring on all aspects; slopes range from 2 to 15% on flat, concave, or convex slopes, benches, plateaus or lower slopes of buttes and escarpments. It appears to be a post-fire forest type. All stands sampled are recent regeneration from known fires. Elevation range is 1463 to 2085 m (4800-6841 feet). Soils are sandy loam to loamy coarse sand, that can be derived from pumice and lava colluvium, or granitics. This forest type is represented by stands of pole or immature <i>Pinus contorta</i> with 10-40% cover. Few other trees may be present, such as <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> in Oregon. The shrub layer can be limited but is usually clearly defined with a dominance of <i>Ceanothus velutinus</i> with trace to 70% cover. Other shrub species that may be present include <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> and <i>Spiraea betulifolia</i> in Wyoming, or <i>Arctostaphylos patula, Arctostaphylos nevadensis</i>, or <i>Purshia tridentata</i> in Oregon. Herbaceous layer species include <i>Carex geyeri, Carex rossii</i>, and <i>Calamagrostis rubescens</i>. <i>Elymus elymoides (= Sitanion hystrix), Chamerion angustifolium (= Epilobium angustifolium), Chimaphila umbellata</i>, and <i>Fragaria virginiana</i> may also be present in trace amounts. |
Comm #10727
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Pinus contorta var. contorta - Pseudotsuga menziesii / Morella californica - Vaccinium ovatum Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.33063.CEGL000151
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This mid- to late-seral forest association is found on sand dunes along the Pacific coast between northern California and Tillamook Bay, Oregon, where it occurs on warm, dry ridges and slopes, primarily with south- to west-facing aspects. The poorly developed humus layer is rarely more than 1 inch thick on slopes, but where organic material accumulates at the toe of slopes the layer may be up to 9 inches deep. Stands are dominated by <i>Pinus contorta</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, with low incidence of <i>Picea sitchensis</i> and <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i>. <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> becomes increasingly scarce on dunes farther north, where it is replaced by <i>Picea sitchensis</i>. <i>Arbutus menziesii</i> is often present on ridges and toeslopes. Total canopy cover ranges from 40-85%. Live basal area is one of the lowest of the native forest stands occurring on coastal sand dunes. Conifer reproduction is sparse or nonexistent. Stands are typically littered with fallen trees, mostly <i>Pinus contorta</i>. The shrub layer, dominated by the ubiquitous <i>Vaccinium ovatum</i> and <i>Gaultheria shallon</i>, ranges from 5-95%, with an average height of 8 feet. The lowest shrub cover appears to be on dry, warm exposures, where bracken fern may be conspicuous. The ground layer is otherwise sparse to nonexistent. Charcoal is present in some stands. |
Comm #10728
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Picea glauca / Linnaea borealis Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.36956.CEGL000382
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Midwestern Ecology Working Group... |
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This white spruce community type is known only from the Black Hills in the United States. It is on northwest- to northeast-facing slopes with loamy soils. It has been found at elevations ranging from 1768-1958 m. The canopy is closed and dominated by <i>Picea glauca</i>. <i>Populus tremuloides</i> and <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> may also be present. There is a prominent shrub layer over a less dense herbaceous layer. Mosses and lichens are common. <i>Linnaea borealis</i> is the dominant understory species. <i>Juniperus communis, Mahonia repens, Rosa acicularis, Shepherdia canadensis</i>, and <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i> are common shrub associates. In the herbaceous layer <i>Galium boreale, Hedysarum alpinum, Lathyrus ochroleucus</i>, and <i>Viola adunca</i> are common. |
Comm #10729
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Pinus contorta / Linnaea borealis Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.33128.CEGL000153
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This association is found in the upper montane and subalpine zone of the central and northern Rocky Mountains. It is more common near and east of the Continental Divide. It typically occurs on cool, moist sites, often on north aspect middle to toeslopes, alluvial terraces and flats and benches. However, stands may occur on gentle to very steep slopes on any aspect. Soils are moderately well-drained, moderately deep silt or sandy loams, silts or silty clay loams derived from a variety of noncalcareous parent materials. Ground cover is mostly litter, often with duff over 6 cm deep. The vegetation is characterized by a <i>Pinus contorta</i>-dominated tree canopy with <i>Linnaea borealis</i> common in the understory. The tree canopy varies from moderately dense to nearly closed (40-90% cover) and may be solely dominated by <i>Pinus contorta</i>. However, some stands have scattered <i>Abies lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Picea engelmannii, Picea glauca, Pinus albicaulis, Pinus ponderosa, Populus tremuloides</i>, or <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> trees present, especially in the subcanopy. Some stands have tall- or short-shrub layers composed of tree saplings, <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Spiraea betulifolia, Symphoricarpos albus</i>, and <i>Vaccinium membranaceum</i>. <i>Linnaea borealis</i> (indicator species) is common in the dwarf-shrub layer. Other dwarf-shrubs may include <i>Juniperus communis</i> (usually found on dry sites), <i>Paxistima myrsinites</i>, and <i>Vaccinium scoparium</i>. The sparse to moderately dense (30-50% cover) herbaceous layer is variable and may be dominated or codominated by perennial graminoids such as <i>Calamagrostis rubescens, Carex geyeri, Carex rossii</i>, and <i>Oryzopsis asperifolia</i>, or forbs like <i>Arnica cordifolia, Campanula rotundifolia, Chamerion angustifolium</i>, and <i>Maianthemum stellatum</i>. |
Comm #10730
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CEGL008387
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accession code: VB.CC.7724.CEGL008387
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EcoArt 2002 |
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