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Comm #1131
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Spartina patens - Distichlis spicata - (Juncus gerardii) Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34657-{30D5BCFA-9444-4A24-BF81-7500FCC26E1B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This high salt marsh vegetation dominated by <i>Spartina patens</i> or codominated by <i>Distichlis spicata</i> forms distinct "cowlicked" meadows above low salt marsh communities. This high marsh association generally occurs behind barrier beaches along the north Atlantic coast from the Canadian maritime provinces south to New Jersey. It occupies the irregularly flooded zone extending from mean high tide landward to the limit of spring tides. The substrate is peat overlying sand, silt, or bedrock. Vegetation of this marsh community occurs in mosaics of patches generally dominated by a single graminoid species, <i>Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata</i>, or <i>Juncus gerardii</i>. Other characteristic associates that occur in low abundance include <i>Symphyotrichum tenuifolium, Limonium carolinianum, Solidago sempervirens, Symphyotrichum subulatum, Polygonum ramosissimum, Argentina anserina, Atriplex patula, Lythrum lineare</i>, and <i>Panicum virgatum</i>. Salt pannes are often a prominent feature within this association. |
Comm #1132
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Acer saccharum - (Fraxinus americana) / Arisaema triphyllum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34858-{308BA642-7DB4-4D2F-AA69-065E88EF2868}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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These are northern hardwood forests of slightly enriched soils in the northern Appalachian Mountains and adjacent northeastern United States and Canada. They occur at moderate elevations of 245 to 610 m (800-2000 feet) on slightly enriched soils, often silt loams derived from pelite or other subacidic bedrock. Ridgetops and slight concavities on hillslopes are both typical settings. They may occur as inclusions within typical northern hardwood forests or may occur over larger areas and be the locally dominant northern hardwood forest. The closed-canopy forest has sparse to moderate shrub cover, moderate herb cover, and may have local carpets of <i>Acer saccharum</i> seedlings in the ground vegetation. Bryoids are a minor component of the forest floor. The canopy is dominated by <i>Acer saccharum</i>, frequently with <i>Fraxinus americana</i> as an associate or even canopy codominant. Other associated hardwood species include <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> and <i>Betula lenta</i>. <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> is often present but less abundant than in matrix northern hardwood forests. <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> may occur in southern New England. Conifers are usually sparse. Shrubs can include <i>Cornus alternifolia, Lindera benzoin, Sambucus racemosa, Acer pensylvanicum</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. Typical herbs of this semi-rich type, which are scarce or absent from standard beech-birch-maple forests, include <i>Arisaema triphyllum, Viola rotundifolia, Tiarella cordifolia, Actaea pachypoda, Osmunda claytoniana, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex laxiculmis, Carex platyphylla, Carex pedunculata, Eurybia divaricata, Botrychium</i> spp., and <i>Solidago flexicaulis</i>. These forests are intermediate in nutrient regime and composition between ~<i>Acer saccharum - Fraxinus americana / Acer spicatum / Caulophyllum thalictroides</i> Forest (CEGL006636)$$, ~<i>Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Acer pensylvanicum / Caulophyllum thalictroides</i> Forest (CEGL006637)$$, ~<i>Acer saccharum - Betula alleghaniensis - Fagus grandifolia / Viburnum lantanoides</i> Forest (CEGL006631)$$, and ~<i>Acer saccharum - Fagus grandifolia - Fraxinus americana / Arisaema triphyllum</i> Forest (CEGL006632)$$. They are more depauperate than other communities of this alliance, for example lacking rich-soil indicators such as <i>Adiantum pedatum, Caulophyllum thalictroides</i>, and <i>Tilia americana</i> that are typical of CEGL006636 and/or CEGL006637. |
Comm #1133
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Fagus grandifolia - Betula lenta - Liriodendron tulipifera - Acer saccharum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34943-{4949379C-F173-49D4-8F16-97BD4D6589F7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This mid- to lower slope deciduous forest of the mid-Atlantic region occurs on deep soils that are not strongly acidic. The tree canopy is characterized by a mixture of <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana, Betula lenta</i>, and other associated species, including <i>Acer rubrum, Betula alleghaniensis, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Carya tomentosa</i>. The subcanopy, where present, is characterized by <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus florida</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. Common species of the shrub layer include <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i> and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. The herbaceous layer is characterized by <i>Podophyllum peltatum, Sanguinaria canadensis, Botrychium virginianum, Dicentra cucullaria, Dicentra canadensis, Allium tricoccum</i>, and <i>Claytonia virginica</i>. Associated herbs may include <i>Polystichum acrostichoides, Ageratina altissima var. altissima</i>, and <i>Arisaema triphyllum</i>. Invasive species such as <i>Berberis thunbergii, Elaeagnus umbellata, Rosa multiflora</i>, and <i>Alliaria petiolata</i> may be present and locally abundant in the shrub and herb layers. This vegetation type often occurs on land where evidence of past agriculture or silviculture is visible. |
Comm #1134
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Spartina patens - Schoenoplectus pungens - Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Centella erecta Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35271-{6011305F-CB6A-4AC6-B804-7A1D7306A1FA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This interdunal wetland association has been documented from far southeastern Virginia. It occurs in seasonally flooded interdunal swales that experience longer hydroperiods than do other interdunal swale associations on the mid-Atlantic. It is characterized by relatively high species diversity, and is dominated by <i>Centella erecta, Spartina patens</i>, and/or <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i>. <i>Thelypteris palustris</i> is characteristic. Other associates may include <i>Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Polygonum punctatum, Proserpinaca palustris</i>, and others. |
Comm #1135
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Sabal palmetto - Quercus virginiana Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35357-{D8226078-1A2C-4EBC-9FCD-06EE3FEAA0A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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These wet palmetto - live oak forests occur throughout central and southern Florida, and are sometimes known as low hammocks or hydric hammocks. At increasingly smaller scales, this or related vegetation range as far north as southern North Carolina. <i>Sabal palmetto</i> and <i>Quercus virginiana</i> generally share canopy dominance, and few other trees except <i>Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola</i> are commonly encountered. <i>Sabal palmetto</i> or the other two primary canopy species may strongly dominate local patches. <i>Morella cerifera</i> is a typical shrub or small tree. Some related vegetation includes more diverse-canopied hydric hammocks, occurring in more inland situations (or at least away from immediate coastal influence) and with enough admixture of deciduous and tardily deciduous trees to be placed in a mixed forest subclass. This vegetation generally occurs on sands, shell hash, or limestone, with either a substantial calcareous component or influence (past or present) of brackish water. Occurrences in North Carolina and South Carolina are of small size and are marginally attributable to this alliance, where they occur only as small inclusions in, or adjacent to, upland maritime forests. |
Comm #1136
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Taxodium ascendens / Ilex myrtifolia / Carex (striata, turgescens) Stringer Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35657-{0662E38D-AB64-4A0B-8A2C-2C00596DE2A9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This forested community, often known as "cypress stringers," occurs along small, diffuse creeks or streams, and possibly along larger rivers. Small <i>Taxodium ascendens</i> trees form the fairly open to dense canopy. Shrubs species present include <i>Cyrilla racemiflora, Cliftonia monophylla, Ilex myrtifolia, Clethra alnifolia, Lyonia lucida</i>, and <i>Stillingia aquatica</i>. <i>Carex</i> spp. and <i>Rhynchospora</i> spp. including <i>Carex striata, Carex turgescens</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora microcephala</i>, occur in the water and on the drier edges. <i>Scleria baldwinii</i> and <i>Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense</i> can be significant herbaceous components. This community occurs on the Coastal Plain from southeastern South Carolina to northern Florida, and west to southeastern Louisiana. The sandy subsoil is overlain by peat. Fire probably occurs more often here than in other <i>Taxodium ascendens</i>-dominated forests. |
Comm #1137
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Spartina cynosuroides - Panicum virgatum - Phyla lanceolata Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35929-{9C716F11-C9C3-4B23-B736-4392465AD443}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This association occurs adjacent to channels in wind-tidal oligohaline marshes of Virginia and North Carolina. <i>Spartina cynosuroides</i> is the characteristic species in these marshes dominated by tall, coarse graminoids. Species composition varies from nearly monospecific to strongly mixed with high species richness. Common associates include <i>Eleocharis fallax, Schoenoplectus americanus</i>, and <i>Sagittaria lancifolia ssp. media</i>. Locally, <i>Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense, Bolboschoenus robustus</i>, and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> are dominant or codominant in this type. The physiognomy of this vegetation is markedly bi-stratal, supporting tall or mid-height associates such as <i>Amaranthus cannabinus, Bidens coronata, Symphyotrichum subulatum, Decodon verticillatus, Hibiscus moscheutos, Panicum virgatum, Rhynchospora macrostachya, Sium suave, Typha</i> spp., and the herbaceous vine <i>Mikania scandens</i>. In most stands of this type, vegetation of low to mid-height marshes, e.g., <i>Eleocharis fallax, Cyperus haspan, Pontederia cordata, Sagittaria lancifolia, Polygonum</i> spp., etc., occurs as a lower stratum beneath the taller species. <i>Phyla lanceolata</i> is another short-statured plant that is apparently much more constant and abundant in these tall marshes than elsewhere. Plants that are particularly common in channel edge microhabitats are <i>Asclepias incarnata, Cladium mariscoides, Lobelia elongata, Lythrum lineare, Stachys aspera</i>, and <i>Teucrium canadense</i>. The importance of <i>Polygonum hydropiperoides</i> and the relative lack of <i>Polygonum punctatum</i> distinguish this vegetation from other wind-tidal marshes. |
Comm #1138
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Pinus palustris - Pinus elliottii / Quercus chapmanii / Aristida beyrichiana Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35938-{8B80EAA3-0CAA-4390-ACED-5A43AEA3C624}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This scrubby flatwoods association of the southern peninsula of Florida is typified by an open to very open canopy of <i>Pinus palustris</i> and/or <i>Pinus elliottii var. elliottii</i>. The moderately dense to very dense shrub layer consists of <i>Quercus chapmanii, Quercus myrtifolia, Serenoa repens, Hypericum tenuifolium</i>, and <i>Ilex ambigua</i>. Important herb species are <i>Aristida beyrichiana, Chrysopsis subulata, Bulbostylis ciliatifolia, Chapmannia floridana, Agalinis filifolia</i>, and <i>Polygonella ciliata</i>. |
Comm #1139
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Quercus laurifolia - (Quercus nigra, Nyssa biflora) / Diospyros virginiana Wet Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36056-{4335EDCC-8742-4034-8D71-E55A2795CC5E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
16
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This West Gulf Coastal Plain community occurs as isolated circular depressions of less than an acre to several acres in size, locally called "baygols." The closed canopy is typically dominated by <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Quercus nigra</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. The typical understory contains <i>Diospyros virginiana</i> and <i>Crataegus</i> spp. The herb stratum is poorly developed. This community occurs on the Intermediate Pleistocene Terraces (Bentley and Montgomery) in a pine flatwoods landscape. |
Comm #1140
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Successional Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:17629-{BCEF72C5-E02D-49B3-A3FC-3C0E7FE5C5A3}
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Zimmerman et al. 2012 |
16
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