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Comm #11471	Pinus albicaulis - (Abies lasiocarpa) / Carex geyeri Woodland » more details accession code: VB.CC.31130.CEGL000754	Western Ecology Working Group of...	0	This central and northern Rocky Mountain woodland association occurs in northwestern Wyoming, western Montana, Idaho and northeastern Oregon. Stands are found in the upper subalpine zone at 2040 to 2865 m (6685-9400 feet) elevation on dry sites that are typically on steep, upper slopes with southerly or westerly aspects or on ridgetops. It also occurs on less exposed, gentle slopes and benches. Substrates are often rocky coarse-textured soils derived from volcanic (pumice), sedimentary, granitic or granitic-gneiss parent materials. The vegetation is characterized by an open tree canopy of <i>Pinus albicaulis</i> that is typically multi-stemmed (and stunted) on exposed, high-elevation sites, sometimes with occasional <i>Pinus flexilis</i> trees. On less exposed sites, the upper canopy may include scattered <i>Pinus contorta</i>, or <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> may be present with <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> or <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> present in the subcanopy and understory. The understory is characterized by a relatively sparse to moderately dense (15-60% cover) herbaceous layer that is typically dominated by <i>Carex geyeri</i>. Other common graminoids include <i>Achnatherum occidentale (= Stipa occidentalis), Carex rossii, Elymus glaucus, Festuca idahoensis, Poa nervosa</i>, and <i>Trisetum spicatum</i>. Associated forbs, such as <i>Achillea millefolium, Antennaria</i> spp., <i>Arnica cordifolia, Campanula rotundifolia, Erigeron</i> spp., <i>Geum triflorum, Lupinus argenteus, Pedicularis racemosa, Solidago multiradiata, Valeriana dioica</i>, or <i>Xerophyllum tenax</i>, are often present with relatively low cover. Shrubs do occur in this type but typically have low cover. Occasional species include <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Penstemon fruticosus, Symphoricarpos</i> spp., or <i>Spiraea</i> spp.
Comm #11472	Kalmia microphylla / Carex scopulorum Dwarf-shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.33580.CEGL001403	Western Ecology Working Group of...	0
Comm #11473	Phyllodoce empetriformis Parkland Dwarf-shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.33201.CEGL001404	Western Ecology Working Group of...	0
Comm #11474	CEGL005029 » more details accession code: VB.CC.6414.CEGL005029 NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	EcoArt 2002	0
Comm #11475	CEGL005030 » more details accession code: VB.CC.6415.CEGL005030 NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	EcoArt 2002	0
Comm #11476	Pinus discolor / Muhlenbergia emersleyi Woodland » more details accession code: VB.CC.33144.CEGL000767	Western Ecology Working Group of...	0	This woodland association occurs in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and likely in adjacent Mexico. Stands occur on gently to moderately sloping alluvial plains, bajadas and canyon bottoms to steep rocky slopes in canyons, piedmont hills and mountains. Elevation ranges from 1460-2010 m (4780-6600 feet). Soils are shallow, gravelly or stony sandy loams or sandy clay loams, derived from a mixture of alluvium and colluvium. The vegetation is characterized by an open to moderately dense tree layer (15-70% cover) dominated by <i>Pinus discolor</i> and <i>Juniperus deppeana</i>. Evergreen oaks are often present in the tree subcanopy but generally have lower cover. An open shrub layer may be present, but the understory is typically dominated by the graminoid layer. The tree canopy ranges from 3 m to over 5 m tall. Stands range from open woodlands to moderately dense woodlands at higher elevations and in canyon bottoms. Other canopy trees are <i>Quercus arizonica, Quercus emoryi</i>, or <i>Quercus grisea</i>. A sparse to moderately dense shrub layer may be present, but graminoids dominate the understory. Characteristic shrubs and succulents include <i>Acacia angustissima, Arctostaphylos pungens, Cercocarpus montanus, Dasylirion wheeleri, Fendlera rupicola, Garrya wrightii, Nolina microcarpa, Quercus toumeyi, Rhus trilobata, Yucca baccata</i>, and <i>Yucca schottii</i>. The graminoid layer is moderate to dense (25-80% cover) and is typically dominated by medium-tall bunchgrasses such as <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Eragrostis intermedia</i>, or <i>Muhlenbergia emersleyi</i>, but it can be very diverse with both forbs and grasses.
Comm #11477	A.1493 » more details accession code: VB.CC.1265.A1493 NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	EcoArt 2002	0	This alliance is found on dune systems in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. The canopy is very open, ranging from 5-25%, with little subcanopy or shrub layer. ~Populus deltoides$ is the dominant species, though ~Tilia americana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica$, and other species may be present. The ground layer is dominated by exposed sand, with a scattered herbaceous layer. Typical associates include ~Schizachyrium scoparium, Ammophila breviligulata, Sporobolus cryptandrus$, and ~Poa compressa$.
Comm #11478	Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Menziesia ferruginea / Clintonia uniflora Forest » more details accession code: VB.CC.28262.ABIESLASIOCARPA	Western Ecology Working Group of...	0	This is a broadly distributed association strongly associated with Pacific maritime climatic regime which penetrates with ever diminishing influence just east of the Continental Divide in the northern Rocky Mountains. It is well-documented from north-central Idaho and western Montana northwards into neighboring provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. This is a type of lower to mid-elevation subalpine environments with a relatively narrow elevation range in any given locality and an overall range of 1280 to 1770 m. It is characteristic of cool, moist exposures, typically occupying moderate to steep slopes with north- and east-facing slope aspects. Soils are derived from a variety of noncalcareous and calcareous sedimentary rock, as well as metamorphic types (including quartzites, mica schists), volcanics (both intrusive and extrusive, including granitics and basalts), and glacial till and drift. Surface horizon soil textures are predominantly silt loams and loams. In northern Idaho and western Montana an ash cap of variable depth (1-24 inches) increases the moisture-holding capacity and nutrient content of these soils. The overstory is dominated by a variable combination of Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii; total tree canopy cover is generally in the range of 50 to 80%. This association represents predominantly mature to old-growth conditions, but seral species can be present, in declining order of importance, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix occidentalis, Pinus monticola, and Pinus albicaulis. The undergrowth generally has a lush aspect with a tall to mid-sized shrub layer dominated by Menziesia ferruginea, Vaccinium membranaceum, Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata, Sorbus spp., Lonicera utahensis, and Ribes lacustre. Vaccinium scoparium (or Vaccinium myrtillus) and Linnaea borealis are the predominant dwarf-shrubs. Graminoids are scarce with only Bromus vulgaris and Bromus ciliatus being present with any constancy at all. The forb component is virtually always dominated by one, or a combination of, the following three species: Xerophyllum tenax, Arnica latifolia (or Arnica cordifolia), or Thalictrum occidentale. However, the type is recognized by the presence of either Clintonia uniflora or Tiarella trifoliata, which have much more restricted environmental ranges (mesic to hygric moisture regimes) than the above-named forb dominants; their cover seldom exceeds 10%. Other forbs consistently present with low coverages include Veratrum viride, Heracleum maximum, Galium triflorum, and Senecio triangularis.
Comm #11479	Carex lurida - Carex leptalea - (Carex atlantica, Carex interior, Parnassia grandifolia) Saturated Herbaceous Alliance » more details accession code: VB.CC.19023.CAREXLURIDACARE	Midwestern Ecology Working Group...	0	This alliance is found on calcareous seepage fens and related sites in the central and southeastern United States, including Arkansas and Missouri (Ozarks), Kentucky (Interior Low Plateau), Tennessee (Interior Low Plateau, Ridge and Valley), as well as Virginia and possibly North Carolina (Southern Blue Ridge). This mixed grass or sedge fen is a complex of zoned vegetation dominated by hydrophytic plants, particularly graminoids, although shrubs are often found scattered or in thickets. Trees are sometimes present but never common. Herbaceous cover is high except in areas of marly ooze. Abundant herbaceous species include Andropogon gerardii, Carex interior, Carex leptalea, Carex lurida, Impatiens capensis, Lysimachia quadriflora, Rhynchospora capillacea, Oxypolis rigidior, Silphium terebinthinaceum (in prairie-like fens), and Thelypteris palustris. Shrubs include Alnus serrulata, Cornus amomum, Physocarpus opulifolius, Salix caroliniana, and Salix humilis. Acer rubrum is typical where trees are present. In Missouri, several zones or types of vegetation are recognized: (1) tussocks, dominated by Carex interior and Carex leptalea; (2) drier areas or margins dominated by Andropogon gerardii, Rudbeckia fulgida var. umbrosa, and Parnassia grandifolia; and (3) marly ooze areas dominated by Carex leptalea, Rhynchospora capillacea, and Scleria verticillata. In addition to the ones mentioned above, other species present in most Missouri examples include Carex lurida, Carex leptalea, Castilleja coccinea, Lysimachia quadriflora, Oxypolis rigidior, Pedicularis lanceolata, Physostegia virginiana, Pycnanthemum virginianum, Clinopodium arkansanum (= Calamintha arkansana), and Packera aurea (= Senecio aureus). Characteristic species in Missouri examples include Menyanthes trifoliata and Pogonia ophioglossoides. Kentucky and middle Tennessee examples from the Interior Low Plateau contain Carex atlantica ssp. atlantica and Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea (instead of Carex interior), Carex lurida, Carex leptalea ssp. harperi, Parnassia grandifolia, Juncus brachycephalus, Rudbeckia fulgida (var. umbrosa in Tennessee occurrences, Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa in the Kentucky occurrence), Cardamine bulbosa, Impatiens capensis, Juncus coriaceus, Juncus effusus, Lobelia puberula, Lobelia cardinalis, Oxypolis rigidior, Phlox glaberrima, Rhynchospora capitellata, Scirpus atrovirens, Scirpus cyperinus, Solidago patula var. patula, and Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens. An adjoining shrub zone is usually present, and woody species may invade the fen, including Alnus serrulata, Salix humilis, Salix caroliniana, Cornus amomum, and Acer rubrum. Some of these middle Tennessee examples provide habitat for Xyris tennesseensis. Southern Blue Ridge examples are graminoid-dominated but also contain conspicuous forbs and mat-forming species. Dominant or characteristic species include Carex leptalea, Packera aurea, Rhynchospora alba, Parnassia grandifolia, Houstonia serpyllifolia, and Drosera rotundifolia. Woody species may include Physocarpus opulifolius and Alnus serrulata. They are associated with ultramafic geology, influenced by magnesium-rich seepage and are found in open areas of gravel and muck associated with stream or spring heads.
Comm #11480	Populus deltoides - (Salix amygdaloides) / Salix (exigua, interior) Woodland » more details accession code: VB.CC.22488.POPULUSDELTOIDE	Midwestern Ecology Working Group...	0	This cottonwood - willow woodland is found widely in the central Great Plains of the United States. Stands occur on recently deposited alluvial material along rivers and streams. The soils are derived from alluvial sand, silt, and clay and are poorly developed. The water table fluctuates with the level of the adjacent river or stream. Populus deltoides is the dominant species in this community, although Salix exigua and/or Salix interior is generally more dominant in the initial stage following a major flood event. Salix amygdaloides is rare to codominant. The shrub/sapling layer is conspicuous, especially near the streambank, and consists mainly of Salix exigua, Populus deltoides, and Salix amygdaloides, or occasionally Salix lutea. In the more easterly parts of the range, Salix interior may replace Salix exigua. On the older margins of this community Fraxinus pennsylvanica is often found as a sapling or small canopy tree. The herbaceous stratum is variable. Graminoids typical of undisturbed sites include Carex emoryi, Carex pellita (= Carex lanuginosa), Pascopyrum smithii, and Spartina pectinata. Equisetum arvense and Glycyrrhiza lepidota are common forbs in these sites. Widely distributed species that are adapted to these sites include Ambrosia psilostachya, Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata, Artemisia ludoviciana, Calamovilfa longifolia, Cenchrus longispinus, Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (= Euphorbia serpyllifolia), Euphorbia esula, Grindelia squarrosa, Helianthus petiolaris, Heterotheca villosa, Phyla lanceolata (= Lippia lanceolata), Opuntia macrorhiza, Poa pratensis, and Sporobolus cryptandrus. These sites are prone to invasion by exotic grasses and forbs, the most widely established being Agrostis stolonifera, Bromus tectorum, Cirsium arvense, Bassia scoparia (= Kochia scoparia), Melilotus spp., Taraxacum officinale, and Tragopogon dubius.