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Comm #11541
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Picea engelmannii / Calamagrostis canadensis Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.33600.CEGL002678
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This wet spruce forest association occurs on cool, moist sites at low to high elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, Wyoming, southeastern Idaho and Colorado. The elevation of this community ranges from 1891 to 2326 m (6200-7625 feet) in the northern Rocky Mountains and 2750 to 3050 m (9020-10,006 feet) in the southern Rocky Mountains. It is generally restricted to flat to gently sloping sites with poor drainage, such as fen and lake margins, toeslopes, and low stream and river terraces. This community usually is saturated for a good portion of the year, and stands have a high water table year round. The ground surface in these stands is characterized by a large amount of microtopography stemming from wind-thrown trees. The overstory is dominated by <i>Picea engelmannii</i> or <i>Picea engelmannii x glauca</i> hybrids. <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> may also be present, but with only trace cover; sites occupied by this community are generally too wet for <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>. Not infrequently <i>Pinus contorta</i> is a long-persisting seral component. Shrub canopy coverage is low, although the diversity of shrub species present is fairly high. Shrub species present are often limited to hummocks and include <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda (= Potentilla fruticosa), Lonicera involucrata, Vaccinium scoparium</i>, and <i>Ribes lacustre</i>. <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> and <i>Calamagrostis stricta</i> are diagnostic species when well-represented; usually under these shaded forest conditions <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> dominates the ground layer, often forming what appears to be a pure grass sward. Additional herbs can include <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex disperma, Carex utriculata</i>, and <i>Calamagrostis rubescens</i>, plus <i>Symphyotrichum spathulatum (= Aster occidentalis), Caltha leptosepala, Cardamine cordifolia, Conioselinum scopulorum, Chamerion angustifolium (= Epilobium angustifolium), Epilobium hornemannii, Equisetum arvense, Erigeron peregrinus, Fragaria virginiana, Galium boreale, Geranium richardsonii, Luzula parviflora, Mertensia ciliata, Pyrola asarifolia, Rhodiola rhodantha, Senecio triangularis, Streptopus amplexifolius</i>, and <i>Viola macloskeyi</i>. Moss cover is typically high. |
Comm #11542
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CEGL001983
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accession code: VB.CC.4536.CEGL001983
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #11543
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CEGL001984
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accession code: VB.CC.4537.CEGL001984
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #11544
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CEGL002027
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accession code: VB.CC.4575.CEGL002027
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #11545
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Ebenopsis ebano - Ehretia anacua / Condalia hookeri Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.34971.CEGL002054
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
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These forests occur on deep, well-drained soils of the Rio Grande River delta, and are most often associated with mesic resaca banks, low lying areas formed by old river channels. These areas are not part of the active river floodplain but may be subject to periodic inundation and drying. This evergreen subtropical community once occurred as dense forests with 15-m canopies and large-diameter subtropical trees. Remaining examples are described as having no clear dominant. Larger tree species (both in diameter and height) may include <i>Ebenopsis ebano (= Pithecellobium ebano), Ehretia anacua</i>, and <i>Leucaena pulverulenta</i>. Other characteristic trees and shrubs include deciduous trees more characteristic of floodplain forests, such as <i>Celtis laevigata var. laevigata, Fraxinus berlandieriana, Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa</i>, and <i>Ulmus crassifolia</i>. Other characteristic tree and shrub species are of subtropical affinities, such as <i>Adelia vaseyi, Amyris madrensis, Celtis pallida, Chiococca alba, Condalia hookeri, Cordia boissieri, Esenbeckia berlandieri (= Esenbeckia runyonii), Havardia pallens, Malpighia glabra, Phaulothamnus spinescens, Pisonia aculeata, Randia rhagocarpa, Sabal mexicana, Sideroxylon celastrinum (= Bumelia celastrina), Xylosma flexuosa, Zanthoxylum fagara</i>, and <i>Ziziphus obtusifolia</i> may occur as tall shrubs or small trees. Typical shrubs are <i>Cardiospermum corindum, Cocculus diversifolius, Mimosa malacophylla, Passiflora suberosa, Serjania brachycarpa</i>, and <i>Urvillea ulmacea</i>. The ground layer is often poorly developed and very sparse, because of shading, but in some examples may include <i>Iresine palmeri, Petiveria alliacea, Sporobolus buckleyi, Leersia monandra</i>, and <i>Plumbago scandens</i>. The epiphyte <i>Tillandsia baileyi</i> is also characteristic. |
Comm #11546
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Picea glauca Alluvial Black Hills Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.36954.CEGL002057
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Midwestern Ecology Working Group... |
0
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The white spruce alluvial forest type is only known from the Black Hills of the United States. In the Hills, it is restricted to higher elevations in the Central Core and on the Limestone Plateau. It occurs in both narrow high-gradient drainages, and in broader lower-gradient drainage bottoms. The type is characterized by somewhat open to closed canopies dominated by <i>Picea glauca</i>. The understory is highly variable. Smaller spruce and <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>, as well as <i>Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera</i> and <i>Acer negundo</i>, may form a subcanopy. The understory may be sparse, with shrub and herbaceous cover each less than 25%. At other sites, the understory consists of species typical of riparian shrubland and wet meadow types, including <i>Salix bebbiana, Betula occidentalis, Cornus sericea, Calamagrostis canadensis</i>, and <i>Carex nebrascensis</i>. |
Comm #11547
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Acer saccharum - Acer nigrum - Tilia americana - Quercus rubra / Ostrya virginiana Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.37105.CEGL002061
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Midwestern Ecology Working Group... |
0
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This deciduous forest community is found in the central midwestern United States on valley slopes and bottoms, often with northern or eastern aspects. Soils are moderately well-drained and moderate to deep silty and clay loams formed in loess, glacial till, or sandstone and limestone parent material. The most abundant tree species in this forest community are <i>Tilia americana, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. <i>Acer nigrum, Acer saccharum</i>, and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> are more common farther east. Other canopy associates include <i>Carya cordiformis, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Juglans nigra</i>. <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> can also be a prominent subcanopy and sapling species. The shrub layer is variable and includes <i>Prunus virginiana, Sambucus canadensis, Viburnum prunifolium</i>, and others. Ground layer species include a rich mixture of herbaceous species, including <i>Adiantum pedatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Erythronium albidum, Geum canadense, Impatiens pallida, Polygonatum biflorum, Sanicula</i> spp., <i>Thalictrum dioicum</i>, and others. |
Comm #11548
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Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Ostrya virginiana - Carpinus caroliniana Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.37131.CEGL002062
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Midwestern Ecology Working Group... |
0
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This maple - basswood forest is found in the north-central United States. Stands occur on flat to steep slopes on loamy soils derived from glacial till or, less commonly, loess. The soils are well-drained, fertile, and deep. The tree canopy of this community is moderately dense to dense and greatly affects the composition of the understory. <i>Acer saccharum</i> and <i>Tilia americana</i> are the most prevalent tree species. Other common tree species include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Ostrya virginiana, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Ulmus</i> spp. The scattered shrub layer contains species such as <i>Cornus alternifolia, Ribes</i> spp., <i>Sambucus</i> spp., and <i>Zanthoxylum americanum</i>. Spring ephemerals are a distinctive part of the herbaceous layer. Common herbaceous species include <i>Anemone quinquefolia, Claytonia</i> spp., <i>Dicentra cucullaria, Erythronium</i> spp., <i>Polygonatum pubescens, Sanicula odorata (= Sanicula gregaria), Trillium grandiflorum</i>, and <i>Uvularia grandiflora</i>. |
Comm #11549
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Salix wolfii / Calamagrostis canadensis Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.36450.CEGL002064
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0
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This association is known from eastern Idaho, western Wyoming and the western slope of Colorado. It occurs between 2650 and 2990 m (8700-9800 feet) elevation in narrow and broad valley bottoms on flat to rolling floodplains and stream terraces. It can also occur on hillside seeps. Soils range from clay, silty loam to sand, usually with signs of a fluctuating water table. Associated stream channels can be wide and sinuous or braided from beaver activity. This is a low-statured shrubland dominated by <i>Salix wolfii</i>. The canopy cover can be nearly continuous or moderately patchy. Other willows may be present but not codominant and include <i>Salix planifolia, Salix monticola</i>, and <i>Salix geyeriana</i>. The herbaceous undergrowth is thick and dominated by graminoids; <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> is the most abundant and constant species present. Other graminoids include <i>Carex microptera, Carex utriculata, Carex aquatilis, Bromus ciliatus, Alopecurus alpinus</i>, and <i>Poa pratensis</i>. Forbs are always present and diverse but not as abundant as the graminoid cover. Forb species include <i>Thalictrum occidentale, Senecio triangularis, Senecio sphaerocephalus, Chamerion angustifolium, Cardamine cordifolia, Vicia americana, Mertensia ciliata, Valeriana edulis</i>, and <i>Heracleum maximum</i>. |
Comm #11550
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CEGL002028
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accession code: VB.CC.4576.CEGL002028
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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