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Description |
Comm #12191
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Typha (angustifolia, latifolia) - (Schoenoplectus spp.) Semipermanently Flooded Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.CC.17763.TYPHAANGUSTIFOL
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Midwestern Ecology Working Group... |
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This alliance, found in virtually every state in the United States and probably most Canadian provinces, contains stands dominated by Typha angustifolia and/or Typha latifolia, either alone or in combination with other tall emergent marsh species. Associated species vary widely; in the Midwest they include many sedges such as Carex aquatilis, Carex rostrata, Carex pellita (= Carex lanuginosa), bulrushes such as Schoenoplectus americanus (= Scirpus americanus), Schoenoplectus acutus (= Scirpus acutus), and Schoenoplectus heterochaetus (= Scirpus heterochaetus), and broad-leaved herbs such as Thelypteris palustris, Asclepias incarnata, Impatiens capensis, Sagittaria latifolia, Scutellaria lateriflora, Sparganium eurycarpum, Hibiscus moscheutos, and Verbena hastata. Floating aquatics such as Lemna minor may predominate in deeper zones. This alliance is found most commonly along lake margins and in shallow basins, and occasionally in river backwaters. Lacustrine cattail marshes typically have a muck-bottom zone bordering the shoreline, where cattails are rooted in the bottom substrate, and a floating mat zone, where the roots grow suspended in a buoyant peaty mat. Typha angustifolia can grow in deeper water compared to Typha latifolia, although both species reach maximum growth at a water depth of 50 cm. Typha often occurs in pure stands, and can colonize areas recently exposed by either natural or human causes. Lythrum salicaria, an exotic species from Europe, has become a common associate of many eastern Typha marshes. In the Southeast, this alliance is widespread and currently representative of a wide variety of mixed marshes with no clear dominants. Vegetation in this alliance may be natural or semi-natural and includes mixed stands of the nominal species, as well as essentially monospecific stands of Typha latifolia. These monospecific stands occur especially in artificial wetlands, such as borrow pits or ponds. This alliance occurs on hydric soils in wetlands, ditches, ponds, lakes, and rivers, as well as on shorelines and streambanks. Inundation is commonly 3-6 dm (1-2 feet) in depth. These marshes have hydric soils and are flooded with water levels ranging from several centimeters to more than 1 m for a significant part of the growing season. Occurrences may display areas of open water, but emergent vegetation dominates (80% cover). Seasonal flooding during winter and spring or flooding during heavy rains help maintain these marshes by causing water exchange which replenishes freshwater and circulates nutrients and organic debris. Soils which support this community can be mineral or organic but are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. Vegetative diversity and density is highly variable in response to water depth, water chemistry, and natural forces. |
Comm #12192
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Pinus taeda - Liquidambar styraciflua - Quercus (nigra, phellos) / Carpinus caroliniana - Crataegus marshallii Stream Bottom Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.37193.CEGL004911
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Harcombe, P. A., and J. E. Neavi... |
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This type represents small stream floodplain forests west of the Mississippi River in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas, and possibly Louisiana. The vegetation tends to be dominated by <i>Pinus taeda</i> and a variety of hardwood species, including <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus nigra</i>, and <i>Quercus phellos</i>. |
Comm #12193
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CEGL004948
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accession code: VB.CC.6355.CEGL004948
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #12194
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Cystopteris bulbifera / Dumortiera hirsuta Sinkhole Wall Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: VB.CC.36212.CEGL004988
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
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This association is variable in composition, but is normally dominated by <i>Cystopteris bulbifera</i> and the liverwort, <i>Dumortiera hirsuta</i>. This association is the characteristic habitat for <i>Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum (= Phyllitis scolopendrium)</i> in the southeastern United States. It occurs on vertical and near-vertical slopes of vertical-shaft limestone sinkholes in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee. |
Comm #12195
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Pinus contorta var. latifolia / Festuca altaica / Stereocaulon spp. Woodland
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accession code: VB.CC.37294.CEGL002317
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BCMFRB [British Columbia Ministr... |
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This small- (to medium) patch community occurs on level to gently sloping, rapidly drained sites. It is uncommonly distributed over the plateau landscapes overlooking the Fraser Plateau and the leeward slopes of the Coast Ranges, primarily east of the Itcha Mountains in British Columbia. Soils are usually developed over glaciofluvial materials and are coarse-textured sands and loamy sands. The open canopy consists of widely spaced <i>Pinus contorta var. latifolia</i>, and the shrub layer is sparse including scattered tree regeneration of <i>Pinus contorta var. latifolia</i> with <i>Shepherdia canadensis</i> and <i>Juniperus communis</i>. The herbaceous layer is also sparse and is characterized by the presence of <i>Festuca altaica</i> with <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> and <i>Piptatherum pungens</i>. The bryophyte layer is dominated by lichens, particularly <i>Stereocaulon</i> sp., <i>Cladina</i> sp., and <i>Cladonia</i> sp. |
Comm #12196
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Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Talus Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.31122.CEGL002347
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This shrubland association occurs on moderately steep to steep colluvial or talus slopes in the eastern part of the Colorado Plateau. Continually shifting slopes and occasional rockfall tend to maintain this association in early- to mid-seral succession, and fire may also be an important factor. Elevations range from 1489 to 2300 m (4885-7545 feet). The substrate is generally softer sedimentary rocks such as limestone and shale overlain by sandstone colluvium. <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i> dominates this community. Other shrubs are generally present, including <i>Artemisia bigelovii, Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, Atriplex canescens, Atriplex confertifolia, Ericameria nauseosa, Eriogonum corymbosum, Ephedra viridis, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Shepherdia rotundifolia, Xylorhiza glabriuscula</i>, and <i>Zuckia brandegeei</i>. The herbaceous layer tends to reflect the rocky substrate also and is often sparse. Typical species may include <i>Stenotus acaulis, Leptodactylon pungens, Leymus salinus, Pleuraphis jamesii</i>, and <i>Poa secunda</i>, although in some stands <i>Bromus tectorum</i> is the dominant. |
Comm #12197
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CEGL000812
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accession code: VB.CC.3416.CEGL000812
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #12198
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CEGL002636
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accession code: VB.CC.5044.CEGL002636
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #12199
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CEGL000916
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accession code: VB.CC.3518.CEGL000916
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #12200
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Acer grandidentatum - (Quercus muehlenbergii) / Carex edwardsiana Lampasas Cutplain Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.34858.CEGL002319
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
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This association includes mesic canyon forests of the Lampasas Cutplain, in the northeastern Edwards Plateau, in Bell and Coryell counties, Texas. The canopy is dominated by <i>Acer grandidentatum</i>. Other canopy species may include <i>Quercus muehlenbergii, Quercus buckleyi, Juglans major, Prunus serotina var. eximia, Fraxinus texensis, Quercus sinuata var. sinuata</i>, and <i>Juniperus ashei</i>. The shrub stratum is diverse, including many species common in the surrounding landscape as well as species more characteristic of this community, such as <i>Lindera benzoin, Styrax platanifolius ssp. platanifolius, Ungnadia speciosa, Frangula caroliniana, Cornus drummondii</i>, and (abundantly in some examples) <i>Croton alabamensis var. texensis</i>. The herb stratum is dominated by <i>Carex edwardsiana</i>. Other characteristic species include <i>Bromus pubescens, Festuca versuta, Sanicula canadensis, Aquilegia canadensis, Galium circaezans</i>, and <i>Verbesina virginica var. virginica</i>. Adjacent slopes are often dominated by oak - juniper woodlands. |
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