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Comm #1241
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Pinus palustris - Pinus taeda / Quercus laevis / Gaylussacia frondosa - Gaylussacia baccata Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32465-{BC629DF7-E417-45EA-9F10-68C56D9D2780}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This association is a longleaf pine / scrub oak sandhill community that occurs in the northern portion of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and hence differs substantially in floristic composition from more southern types. <i>Pinus palustris</i> and <i>Pinus taeda</i> dominate the canopy with a variety of scrub oaks in the subcanopy layer. The shrub layer is often dense and diverse, dominated by <i>Gaylussacia</i> spp. and <i>Vaccinium tenellum</i>, in contrast to the herbaceous layer, which is often sparse and relatively species-poor. |
Comm #1242
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Picea rubens - Picea glauca Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34799-{31FE7CAF-E421-4C30-A8FE-103BA1F58CF4}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This community is a spruce-fir forest of maritime regions on the coast of northern New England and the maritime provinces of Canada. The acidic soils are well-drained to somewhat poorly drained, often with a thick organic mat over a thin mineral layer, with bedrock or till not far below the surface. Occurrences are associated with cool and fog-laden maritime winds and are mostly found within 1/2 mile (occasionally 3 miles) of the coast, on flats or lower to mid slopes. Cool temperatures and frequent fogs create comparatively mesic conditions. These coniferous forests are efficient at intercepting cloud moisture, creating local conditions with elevated humidity and water flux. On coastal islands and outer peninsulas where salt spray is a factor, trees may be contorted or short. The tree canopy ranges from closed to partially open as a result of blowdowns. Shrubs and herbs are patchy, and most abundant in the openings; closed-canopy areas may have almost no understory. Dense spruce and fir regeneration also occurs in patches. The bryoid layer is frequently well-developed, and epiphytic <i>Usnea</i> lichens are particularly characteristic. <i>Picea rubens</i> and/or <i>Abies balsamea</i> are the dominant trees. In many locations <i>Picea glauca</i> is a prominent canopy component, especially along the shore where it populates blowdowns and extensive openings. However, white spruce may die off locally under prolonged closed-canopy conditions. Extreme maritime sites and larger gaps may be dominated by <i>Betula papyrifera, Sorbus americana</i>, and/or <i>Sorbus decora</i>, and abundant fir. Other minor canopy species may include <i>Picea mariana, Betula alleghaniensis, Acer rubrum, Populus tremuloides, Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis, Thuja occidentalis, Larix laricina</i>, and occasionally <i>Betula populifolia</i>. Shrubs and herbs typically include <i>Sorbus americana</i> and/or <i>Sorbus decora, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Ilex mucronata, Kalmia angustifolia, Maianthemum canadense, Trientalis borealis, Cornus canadensis, Coptis trifolia, Gaultheria hispidula</i>, and <i>Aralia nudicaulis</i>. The mossy ground layer is dominated by <i>Pleurozium schreberi, Bazzania trilobata, Dicranum</i> spp., <i>Hypnum imponens, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum girgensohnii</i>, and <i>Ptilium</i> spp. This association is differentiated from inland spruce-fir forests by the local abundance of <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i> and bryophyte species <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> and <i>Ptilidium ciliare</i>. While <i>Dicranum</i> spp. are often present, they are generally less abundant than feathermosses and liverworts. |
Comm #1243
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Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Ribes (montigenum, lacustre, inerme) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29240-{F4615E2D-3738-4902-83CD-EFA81C22A428}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This forested association occurs in southern Idaho, southern Montana, western Wyoming, central and southern Utah, and through the Colorado mountains. This association is found between 2225-3415 m (7300-11,200 feet) elevation. It occurs on plateaus, benchlands, and slopes ranging from gentle to very steep but is normally on cold northwest to northeast aspects. These forest can be large continuous stands or patch stands interspersed with open meadows. These forests are heavily shaded with a very open shrub layer of just a few individuals. <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> and <i>Picea engelmannii</i> dominate the dense tree canopy, while any of the following four <i>Ribes</i> species may be present the shrub layer: <i>Ribes inerme, Ribes lacustre, Ribes montigenum</i>, or <i>Ribes wolfii</i>. Herbaceous layer is depauperate but rich in forbs. Common forbs include <i>Aquilegia coerulea, Arnica cordifolia, Osmorhiza berteroi</i>, and <i>Thalictrum fendleri</i>. A few graminoids are often present and often include <i>Carex rossii, Carex geyeri, Achnatherum lettermanii, Bromus carinatus</i>, and <i>Festuca idahoensis</i>. |
Comm #1244
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Salix geyeriana / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30116-{28CF61F6-25AE-432A-BE98-91C6E6DD94A7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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Throughout its distribution, this association occurs in mountains and high valleys at elevations ranging from 1310 to 2740 m (4300-9000 feet). This is the wettest of the <i>Salix geyeriana</i>-dominated willow shrublands. It is most common on broad, level floodplains but does occur in narrow bands along smaller streams in open U-shaped valleys. Valley bottom gradients are usually low. Surface microtopography is often hummocky as a result of the irregular buildup of organic material. Stands have a 1- to 3-m tall, nearly closed canopy to open clumps that are dominated by the deciduous shrub <i>Salix geyeriana</i>, with a thick carpet of graminoids in the undergrowth that is dominated by <i>Carex utriculata</i>. A diversity of other shrubs may be present but usually in low amounts. Some of these subordinate shrubs are present in the upper canopy along with <i>Salix geyeriana</i>, such as <i>Salix boothii, Salix drummondiana, Salix monticola</i>, and <i>Alnus incana</i>. Often there are shorter shrubs present but usually with not more than 20% cover. Shorter shrub species include <i>Salix planifolia, Salix wolfii, Betula glandulosa, Ribes inerme, Lonicera involucrata</i>, or <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i>. <i>Carex utriculata</i> clearly dominates the understory. Other sedges and grasses, such as <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex interior, Carex scopulorum, Carex simulata, Carex praegracilis</i>, or <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>, may be present, but they have low cover. Forb species are sparse, but <i>Geum macrophyllum</i> appears to be the most constant species across the range of this type. |
Comm #1245
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Festuca idahoensis - (Festuca campestris) / Potentilla diversifolia Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30532-{62A2E4BB-3A20-4724-BDBA-AF1D6B4E2F40}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This association is described from alpine slopes of mountains of central Idaho and western Montana. Stands range from 1840-3072 m (6000-10,080 feet), the lower margin of the alpine zone. Soils are derived from granitic, limestone, and calcareous sandstone rocks. The association occurs on moderately steep north-facing slopes, east-facing and southerly exposures with all degrees of slope inclination represented including gently undulating and even depressed glacial moraine surfaces. On north-facing slopes winter snow accumulation is light to moderate and melts early in the growing season. However, on east and south exposures, augmented snow accumulation occurs due to predominantly west and southwest winds. This is a mostly graminoid-dominated type, and cover varies from about 20 to 85% with a modal range being 40 to 60%; i.e., it ranges from sparse vegetation of fell-fields to a nearly continuous grass-dominated turf . <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> dominates relatively lush meadow vegetation, and under these conditions, <i>Potentilla diversifolia</i> is codominant. In more exposed settings, <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> sometimes relinquishes dominance to <i>Festuca campestris</i>. Other graminoids of high constancy are <i>Carex nova, Poa cusickii ssp. epilis, Poa cusickii, Luzula spicata</i>, and <i>Carex phaeocephala</i>. Other graminoids with lower constancy include <i>Calamagrostis purpurascens, Poa alpina</i>, and <i>Carex rupestris</i>. <i>Calamagrostis purpurascens</i> and <i>Carex rupestris</i> have been used as indicators in situations where <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> and/or <i>Festuca campestris</i> cover alone is insufficient to qualify stands as belonging to this type. Forb cover is highly variable, but notable species include <i>Potentilla diversifolia, Astragalus alpinus, Erigeron simplex, Phlox pulvinata, Polemonium viscosum</i>, and <i>Solidago multiradiata</i>. |
Comm #1246
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Salvia mellifera - Eriogonum fasciculatum / Bromus rubens Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34080-{B90DC53F-BE71-47BA-B5BF-6194EE90D2A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This shrubland occurs on steep slopes of the interior Coast Ranges. Stands are found at low elevations (440-1008 m [1443-3310 feet]) on steep, mostly south- or occasionally east-facing slopes. Soils range from coarse loamy sand to clay, and parent materials are sedimentary and volcanic. Stands have nearly continuous shrub cover. <i>Salvia mellifera</i> in the dominant shrub with 20-60% cover, while <i>Eriogonum fasciculatum</i> and <i>Artemisia californica</i> are typically subdominant with generally half the cover of <i>Salvia</i>. The herbaceous understory is sparse to dense, depending on the amount of overstory shading, and include non-natives <i>Bromus madritensis, Bromus rubens</i>, and <i>Bromus hordeaceus</i>, and native <i>Poa secunda</i>. |
Comm #1247
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Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Ostrya virginiana - Carpinus caroliniana Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30971-{1580B5DA-AF88-49A5-AC91-34AB736EAE10}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This maple - basswood forest is found in the north-central United States. Stands occur on flat to steep slopes on loamy soils derived from glacial till or, less commonly, loess. The soils are well-drained, fertile, and deep. The tree canopy of this community is moderately dense to dense and greatly affects the composition of the understory. <i>Acer saccharum</i> and <i>Tilia americana</i> are the most prevalent tree species. Other common tree species include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Ostrya virginiana, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Ulmus</i> spp. The scattered shrub layer contains species such as <i>Cornus alternifolia, Ribes</i> spp., <i>Sambucus</i> spp., and <i>Zanthoxylum americanum</i>. Spring ephemerals are a distinctive part of the herbaceous layer. Common herbaceous species include <i>Anemone quinquefolia, Claytonia</i> spp., <i>Dicentra cucullaria, Erythronium</i> spp., <i>Polygonatum pubescens, Sanicula odorata, Trillium grandiflorum</i>, and <i>Uvularia grandiflora</i>. |
Comm #1248
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Nuphar advena - Nymphaea odorata Aquatic Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31294-{8B79F4F3-FF97-4B30-9A8C-258AF7377390}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This rooted aquatic or open marsh community occupies shallow-water depressions, oxbow ponds, backwater sloughs of river floodplains, slow-moving streams, ponds, and small lakes throughout the central and eastern United States. It is dominated by rooted, floating-leaved aquatic species, with both submergent and emergent aquatics also present. <i>Nuphar advena</i> and <i>Nymphaea odorata</i> are dominants, either in combination together, or each singly. Other species present include <i>Brasenia schreberi</i>, various <i>Potamogeton</i> and <i>Stuckenia</i> spp., <i>Eleocharis robbinsii</i> and other <i>Eleocharis</i> spp., <i>Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum amphibium var. emersum, Sparganium americanum, Lemna</i> spp., <i>Spirodela polyrrhiza, Typha latifolia</i>, and <i>Saururus cernuus</i>. Submerged aquatics more common in the southern part of the range include <i>Cabomba caroliniana, Ceratophyllum demersum</i>, and <i>Heteranthera dubia</i>. |
Comm #1249
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Quercus lyrata - Carya aquatica - (Quercus texana) / Forestiera acuminata Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31331-{C3619DA3-EA47-4CE9-A715-E8CC9CE44594}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This overcup oak - hardwood swamp forest is found in the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain of southeastern Missouri (and presumably Illinois) south to Louisiana and Mississippi, and west into the West Gulf Coastal Plain and adjacent ecoregions of Texas. It is distinguished from other <i>Quercus lyrata</i> forests of the Gulf region by the presence of <i>Quercus texana</i>. Stands that lack <i>Quercus texana</i> and have either significant amounts of <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> or <i>Carya aquatica</i> are covered by other types [see Similar Associations]. Stands occur on level to gently sloping bottomlands along streams and rivers or in sinkhole basins. A high water table is present. The deep soils (>100 cm) are somewhat poorly drained and are seasonally wet. The parent material is alluvium. The trees are tall (30-45 m), and the canopy is well-developed (60-100% cover). Typical dominants include <i>Quercus lyrata, Carya aquatica</i>, and <i>Quercus texana</i> (within its range). The dense shrub/sapling layer reaches heights of 8 m or more. <i>Forestiera acuminata</i> is among the shrubs found in stands of this type. Lianas are common. The moderately dense (20-60% cover) ground layer is composed of mixed herbaceous species. |
Comm #1250
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Salix monticola / Mesic Graminoids Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31567-{B4D3FA07-E870-4DBF-A5D9-94911410FC25}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
14
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This association is known only from Colorado and Wyoming but may occur in the mountains of New Mexico and Utah. It dominates broad, swift mountain streams with active floodplains at 2000-3350 m (6600-11,000 feet) elevation. Stands usually occur 0.5 m (2 feet) above the bankfull channel up to 15 m (50 feet) away from the stream edge in both narrow and wide valleys (20-120 m [65-400 feet] wide). The soils are fine-textured loams, and the ground surface is usually undulating due to past flooding or beaver activity. <i>Salix monticola</i> is either the dominant or most abundant species in a variable canopy (15-80% total cover). Other shrubs present at higher elevations include <i>Salix planifolia</i> (10-40% cover), <i>Salix geyeriana</i> (2-20% cover), and <i>Salix brachycarpa</i>. Species present at lower elevations include <i>Salix irrorata, Salix lucida ssp. caudata, Alnus incana</i>, and <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i>. The herbaceous undergrowth is diverse, with a variety of graminoid and forb species. This association is distinguished from ~<i>Salix monticola</i> / Mesic Forbs Wet Shrubland (CEGL002658)$$ by having a higher cover of graminoid species. Stands with predominantly non-native graminoid species in the undergrowth are considered grazing-induced. |
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