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Comm #1251	Poa pratensis Ruderal Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31972-{4E3F00A4-E34D-425D-ABB6-8544CEBAD982}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	This semi-natural grassland is widespread in the western U.S. and northern Great Plains where it has invaded natural meadows and riparian areas. Sites are generally flat to moderately sloping and occur on all aspects. Stands typically occur on pastures found in the plains, montane meadows, stream benches and terraces. In the semi-arid region it is restricted to relatively mesic sites. Soils are highly variable, but <i>Poa pratensis</i> grows best on moist, fertile sandy to clayey alluvium with high organic content. It does not tolerate prolonged flooding, high water tables or poor drainage well. However, it can tolerate mildly alkaline and saline soils, and some drought. The vegetation is characterized by a moderate to dense herbaceous canopy that is strongly dominated by the introduced perennial, sod-forming graminoid <i>Poa pratensis</i>. <i>Poa pratensis</i> has invaded many natural plant associations, but the diagnostic character in this association is that there is typically not enough of the native grassland left to classify it as a poor condition natural type. Associates are often those early-seral and weedy species that tolerate the historic heavy livestock grazing or other disturbance well, such as <i>Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Elymus repens, Equisetum</i> spp., <i>Fragaria virginiana, Hordeum</i> spp., <i>Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis, Linaria vulgaris, Potentilla gracilis, Taraxacum officinale</i>, and introduced forage species such as <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Bromus inermis</i>, and <i>Phleum pratense</i>. Remnant natives <i>Pascopyrum smithii, Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, and <i>Carex</i> spp. are often present in low cover. Occasional trees and shrubs may also be present.
Comm #1252	Tamarix spp. Ruderal Riparian Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31998-{1BC45451-8297-4751-B463-FEEB4A4AE17E}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	This shrubland association is composed of thickets on banks of streams across the western U.S. and northern Mexico. Stands are dominated by introduced species of <i>Tamarix</i>, including <i>Tamarix ramosissima, Tamarix chinensis, Tamarix gallica</i>, and <i>Tamarix parviflora</i>. Introduced from the Mediterranean, this genus has become naturalized in various sites, including salt flats and other saline habitats, springs, and especially along streams and regulated rivers, where it replaces the native vegetation, such as shrublands dominated by species of <i>Salix</i> or <i>Prosopis</i> or woodlands of <i>Populus</i> spp. An herbaceous layer may be present, depending on the age and density of the shrub layer, which may consist of aggressive exotic species such as <i>Lepidium latifolium</i>.
Comm #1253	Pinus serotina / Cyrilla racemiflora - Lyonia lucida - Vaccinium fuscatum Swamp Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33222-{A4DA2AB0-1DBB-40E2-B07B-DC1A12FF0037}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	These pocosins occur in small depressions in sandy upland landscapes, differing in floristic composition, use by animal species, and community dynamics (such as fire) from more expansive pocosins occurring in other landscapes. The open canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus serotina</i>. The shrub layer is characteristically dominated by <i>Cyrilla racemiflora, Lyonia lucida</i>, and <i>Vaccinium fuscatum</i>.
Comm #1254	Alnus rhombifolia / Salix exigua (– Rosa californica) Association » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/vegbranch:commConcept:28588-{9255BDAA-D798-451E-A231-2AC173FEB80E} NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	MCV2	14
Comm #1255	Fimbristylis castanea - Schoenoplectus pungens Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32650-{1A1886FF-6E53-44D9-9624-A36A797234E5}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	This interdunal pond or wet swale community represents vegetation dominated by <i>Fimbristylis castanea</i> and <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> although relative dominance varies seasonally complicating characterization of this type. Characteristic species include <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> in association with <i>Spartina patens</i> and <i>Fimbristylis castanea</i>. There is usually standing water present in these swales in the spring, when <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> is generally dominant with few other associates except species of <i>Eleocharis</i>. By late summer other species such as <i>Fimbristylis castanea</i> contribute more substantial cover. Diagnostic species are <i>Schoenoplectus pungens, Fimbristylis castanea</i>, and <i>Spartina patens</i>. It is currently only confirmed to occur in North Carolina but could be possible in South Carolina and Georgia.
Comm #1256	Ilex glabra - Lyonia lucida - Zenobia pulverulenta Wet Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32793-{A35A97D5-0415-46C9-AFCE-95BEB1D0614A}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	Mixed evergreen-deciduous and deciduous low pocosins of peat domes (ombrotrophic blanket bogs) of the Outer and Middle Coastal Plain of North Carolina and possibly South Carolina, with shrub height (0.5-2 m) maintained by extremely poor nutrient status and (secondarily) by occasional fire. Stands are dominated by <i>Ilex glabra, Lyonia lucida</i>, and <i>Zenobia pulverulenta</i>. Very scattered <i>Pinus serotina</i> are present (less than 10%), these sometimes of medium stature. This association includes low pocosins of the Dare County peninsula and large peat-filled Carolina bays of the Bladen and Cumberland counties area. Other characteristic species can include <i>Kalmia cuneata, Kalmia carolina, Aronia arbutifolia, Sarracenia flava, Woodwardia virginica, Carex striata var. striata, Rhynchospora fascicularis</i>, and <i>Lysimachia asperulifolia</i>.
Comm #1257	Schizachyrium scoparium - Saxifraga michauxii - Coreopsis major Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32920-{DAD10760-943E-46A1-B427-66414E31B0CE}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	This association covers high-elevation rocky summits in the Southern Appalachians occurring at elevations of from 1260 to 1715 m (4125-5625 feet) on outcrops of mafic rock or on felsic rock where perennial seepage exists. Vegetative cover is sparse and consists of graminoids, forbs, and shrubs which are rooted in rock fissures. Typical species include <i>Saxifraga michauxii, Coreopsis major, Schizachyrium scoparium, Kalmia latifolia, Dichanthelium acuminatum, Danthonia spicata</i>, and <i>Paronychia argyrocoma</i>. This community is surrounded by deciduous forests dominated by <i>Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum var. rubrum</i>, and occasionally <i>Tsuga caroliniana</i>. Other characteristic species include <i>Campanula divaricata, Solidago bicolor</i>, and <i>Allium allegheniense</i>.
Comm #1258	(Morella cerifera) / Panicum virgatum - Spartina patens Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32973-{92C32FD5-43A4-4833-B8B3-D616D531F0B9}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	This association occurs in seasonally flooded basins, or interdunal swales, landward of maritime backdunes along the mid-Atlantic Coast. The water table is at or close to the surface in the spring. Freshwater maintains these depressions as saturated or seasonally flooded and somewhat poorly drained. The community is generally strongly dominated by <i>Panicum virgatum</i> but can be variable in its expression. Associated species include <i>Spartina patens, Juncus canadensis, Solidago sempervirens, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis albida, Eleocharis quadrangulata, Schoenoplectus pungens, Saccharum giganteum, Cladium mariscoides, Triadenum virginicum, Diodia virginiana, Toxicodendron radicans, Linum medium, Carex longii</i>, and <i>Euthamia caroliniana</i>. This community is typically dominated by 40-85% cover of <i>Panicum virgatum</i> and occurs in larger interdunal depressions (up to one-half hectare). Variability occurs in the cover of <i>Panicum virgatum</i> and the richness of associated species. When <i>Panicum virgatum</i> is not as dense, it is most often associated with an even mixture of <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> or <i>Spartina patens</i>. In some cases, <i>Morella cerifera</i> or <i>Baccharis halimifolia</i> constitute less than 10% shrub cover, but shrub cover is usually much less or absent, and other herbs codominate. Soils are characterized by a shallow organic layer (usually a few centimeters in depth) overlying loamy sand or sand. The range of this vegetation is poorly known due to the low confidence of the classification. The vegetation is similar in total floristic composition to ~<i>Morella (cerifera, pensylvanica) - Vaccinium corymbosum</i> Wet Shrubland (CEGL003906)$$, but shrubs are generally lacking or at very low cover, and grasses are much more abundant. The community apparently occurs in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and may extend to North Carolina, but the full range will require further study.
Comm #1259	Spartina alterniflora / (Ascophyllum nodosum) Acadian/Virginian Zone Salt Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33034-{400A0390-9629-4630-8652-E36217FA6D6E}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	This tall grassland dominated by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> forms the low salt marsh of the north and mid-Atlantic Coast. It is diurnally flooded by tides, occurring in the intertidal zone between mean high tide and mean sea level in protected inlets behind barrier beaches or in the seaward reaches of drowned river valleys. It forms a coarse peat over sandy substrate. The low salt marsh occurs elevationally between high marsh that occurs landward and subtidal communities that occur seaward. <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> is limited to the low marsh zone by interspecific competition and by moderate salinity; it can withstand longer submergence than other salt marsh grasses but still requires periodic exposure of the substrate. <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> forms nearly monotypic stands with little variation across the geographic range of the community. Tall form <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> occurs adjacent to salt water and colonizes unvegetated flats. Associated species occur in low abundance and commonly include <i>Limonium carolinianum, Salicornia depressa, Salicornia bigelovii, Spergularia maritima, Spergularia canadensis</i>, and <i>Suaeda maritima</i>. Brown algae can form extensive mats at the bases of the grass culms, especially <i>Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Enteromorpha</i> spp., and <i>Ulva</i> spp. Macroalgae associates may be sparse or absent at the southern edge of the range. This community occurs from Labrador to Virginia. Low marshes at the northern edge of the geographic range are far less extensive in size than those farther south due to differences in geomorphology and time since last glaciation.
Comm #1260	Juniperus virginiana / Schizachyrium scoparium - (Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans) - Silphium terebinthinaceum Wooded Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33516-{5F33C4A3-6F29-4663-B77D-6E141EF8EE44}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	14	These red-cedar / little bluestem limestone barrens have been observed on Silurian exposures of Decatur and Perry counties, Tennessee (Western Highland Rim in the Western Valley of the Tennessee River) and Mississippian exposures of the Moulton Valley of Colbert and Franklin counties of northern Alabama. The Tennessee examples occur on slopes of Silurian geology, of the Brownsport, Dixon, and Beech River formations. Two phases of this vegetation have been observed. Areas presumably of deeper soil are dominated by <i>Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans</i>, and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. Other forbs dominant to present in this phase include <i>Liatris aspera, Silphium terebinthinaceum, Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium</i>, and <i>Brickellia eupatorioides</i>. This vegetation covers extensive areas at one site, where very old, gnarled <i>Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana</i> are present at a cover of 15-20%, Mortality and/or morbidity caused by drought maintains the tree cover at below 20% even in fire-suppressed examples. This phase grades into areas of shallower soil with a sparser grass cover (about 50%), composed primarily of <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. Also present in this more common <i>Schizachyrium</i>-dominated phase are <i>Liatris cylindracea, Physostegia virginiana ssp. praemorsa, Ruellia humilis</i>, annual <i>Sporobolus</i> sp., <i>Symphyotrichum concolor, Symphyotrichum shortii</i>, and <i>Heliotropium tenellum</i>. Up to 50% of the ground surface in the drier phase may be covered by red or gray fossiliferous gravel in the Tennessee examples, or by shaly, "marly" limestone fragments in Moulton Valley, Alabama, ones. State-rare plants in Tennessee examples (disjunct from farther west) include <i>Liatris cylindracea, Symphyotrichum pratense</i> and <i>Salvia azurea var. grandiflora</i>. Alabama examples (but not Tennessee ones as far as known) may contain the globally rare <i>Eriogonum longifolium var. harperi</i>, and may locally grade down into small seepages with <i>Schoenolirion croceum</i> [see ~<i>Eleocharis (bifida, compressa) - Schoenolirion croceum - Carex crawei - Allium cernuum</i> Seep Grassland (CEGL004169)$$]. The Tennessee sites are among the most extensive areas of Silurian surface geology in the unglaciated continental United States.