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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #1321
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Salix sericea Shrub Swamp
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34952-{67FAEEEB-FB7F-4CFB-9CED-CB0D1BA68322}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This willow shrub swamp is known from the Central Appalachians of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. This vegetation, or a related type dominated by <i>Salix sericea</i>, is also known from Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. The vegetation occurs in topographic basins, floodplain backswamps, along slow-moving streams, or on lakeshores. <i>Salix sericea</i> is dominant, forming a tall-shrub canopy 2-3 m in height. Associated shrubs in the Central Appalachian region are <i>Hypericum densiflorum</i> and <i>Alnus incana ssp. rugosa</i>. The herbaceous layer is often dense and variable, including <i>Solidago rugosa, Euthamia graminifolia, Rubus hispidus, Solidago uliginosa, Polygonum sagittatum, Glyceria striata, Glyceria canadensis, Juncus effusus, Carex stipata, Carex lurida</i>, and other herbs. In West Virginia, hummocks are typically covered by <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. (<i>Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum affine</i> and <i>Sphagnum flexuosum</i>). For eleven plots in West Virginia, mean species richness of all vascular plants and any nonvascular plants with cover >1% is 31 taxa per 400 m2. |
Comm #1322
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Alnus serrulata - Magnolia virginiana / Eupatorium pilosum - Rhynchospora gracilenta - Xyris torta Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35131-{98C019A2-DFBF-4348-A8C8-3A2A92EF2E5B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This seepage bog is currently known from the Inner Coastal Plain from central and southern Maryland to southeastern Virginia. It occurs in saturated swales and headwater streams with extremely acidic, infertile soils, through which a constant supply of groundwater is discharged. The most "natural" occurrences of this vegetation are now restricted to military base impact areas and dedicated natural areas that are burned frequently. Compositionally identical vegetation is more common where artificially maintained powerline rights-of-way intersect small streams and swales. The vegetation is usually a patchy shrubland, although scattered small trees of <i>Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i> occur at a few sites. The principal shrubs are <i>Alnus serrulata, Magnolia virginiana, Toxicodendron vernix, Viburnum nudum var. nudum, Clethra alnifolia</i>, and <i>Aronia arbutifolia</i>. Small to large, graminoid-dominated herbaceous openings occur among the shrubs. Characteristic herbaceous patch-dominants are <i>Rhynchospora gracilenta, Rhynchospora capitellata, Andropogon glomeratus, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Scleria muehlenbergii, Eleocharis tortilis, Calamagrostis coarctata, Xyris torta, Fuirena squarrosa, Juncus canadensis</i>, and <i>Juncus longii</i>. Characteristic ferns and forbs include <i>Lycopodiella alopecuroides, Osmunda cinnamomea, Eupatorium pilosum, Viola x primulifolia, Rhexia</i> spp., <i>Triadenum virginicum, Polygala lutea, Polygala cruciata</i>, and <i>Pogonia ophioglossoides</i>. Areas of bare mineral soil are frequently carpeted by <i>Drosera rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, Drosera capillaris</i>, and <i>Utricularia subulata</i>. |
Comm #1323
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Acorus calamus Tidal Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35270-{5A0CF101-A171-45F1-831C-052612F3E839}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This is an association of tidal freshwater marsh dominated by <i>Acorus calamus</i> that occurs in fresh to oligohaline reaches of tidal rivers along the Atlantic Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia. This association is best developed in higher, irregularly flooded elevations within freshwater tidal marshes but can occur in areas with a wide tidal range. Substrate is generally fine-particled, but varies from silts and silty mucks to peats and sands. The setting within the tidal marsh tends to be poorly drained; tidal flooding is ponded and of longer duration than adjacent areas. <i>Acorus calamus</i> is dominant, generally comprising at least 50% cover, over extensive patches within the interior of high marshes. <i>Peltandra virginica</i> is a frequent associate. Other associated species are variable and can include <i>Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, Sagittaria latifolia, Polygonum punctatum</i>, and <i>Impatiens capensis</i>. Species that can occasionally occur include <i>Pontederia cordata, Zizania aquatica, Leersia oryzoides, Typha latifolia, Polygonum arifolium, Bidens coronata, Hibiscus moscheutos</i>, and other <i>Schoenoplectus</i> spp. <i>Murdannia keisak</i> has been noted in the southern portion of the range. <i>Acorus calamus</i> is conspicuously dominant in spring and early summer. Later in the season, culms tend to lodge and form mats and be overtopped by other species. |
Comm #1324
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Quercus hemisphaerica - Pinus taeda - (Quercus nigra) / Osmanthus americanus var. americanus / Ilex glabra Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35339-{680041EF-2B62-4649-BB20-503A22BF3798}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This association is found on swamp islands in the outer and middle Coastal Plain of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. The canopy is characteristically dominated by <i>Quercus hemisphaerica</i> with <i>Pinus taeda</i>. Some stands may contain <i>Quercus nigra</i>. Some typical small trees or shrubs include <i>Osmanthus americanus var. americanus</i> and <i>Ilex glabra</i>. Other characteristic species include <i>Persea palustris, Ilex opaca var. opaca, Vitis rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Lyonia lucida</i>. |
Comm #1325
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Gordonia lasianthus - Magnolia virginiana - Persea palustris / Sphagnum spp. Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35361-{F13FF2DA-BDB4-4B6A-A208-52E691BC5BB5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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These forests occur in saturated, peat-filled seepage depressions usually located at the base of sandy slopes but also at the edges of floodplains or other flat areas with high water tables. The southern limit of this community is just north of Lake Okeechobee, Florida; the community extends northward through Georgia and South Carolina to North Carolina, where <i>Gordonia lasianthus</i> reaches the limit of its distribution. The closed, broad-leaved evergreen canopy is composed of <i>Magnolia virginiana, Persea palustris</i>, and <i>Gordonia lasianthus</i>. A patchy understory of shrubs <i>Cyrilla racemiflora, Clethra alnifolia, Itea virginica, Lyonia lucida</i>, and <i>Ilex glabra</i> and vines <i>Smilax laurifolia, Smilax glauca</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i> occurs with an abundant to sparse layer of ferns <i>Woodwardia areolata</i> and <i>Osmunda cinnamomea</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> mats are interlaced with exposed tree roots. In northeastern Florida, at the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, dead and dying <i>Persea palustris</i> indicate that these loblolly-bay forests are being affected by laurel wilt, which is caused by a vascular wilt fungus that is transmitted to species in the Lauraceae family via. the non-native redbay ambrosia beetle (<i>Xyleborus glabratus</i>). |
Comm #1326
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Pinus palustris / Quercus laevis / Aristida beyrichiana - Tephrosia chrysophylla Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35436-{930113AB-59A1-4E80-8B22-B36D7D5A0632}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This association is restricted to ridgetops and upper slopes of the ridges physiographic provinces of north and central peninsular Florida and reaches the southern limits of its distribution on the southern Lake Wales Ridge near Sebring, Florida. These xeric sandhills occupy well- and excessively well-drained Entisols, which are notable for their lack of soil profile development. The sparse open canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus palustris</i> and typically lacks a well-developed subcanopy. However, the midstory shrub layer may be well-developed, even under frequent fire conditions, and is dominated by <i>Quercus laevis, Quercus incana</i>, and <i>Quercus geminata</i>. <i>Aristida beyrichiana</i> is the dominant species in the herbaceous layer, but <i>Sorghastrum secundum, Schizachyrium scoparium var. stoloniferum</i>, and <i>Sporobolus junceus</i> are also common and abundant. Other diagnostic herbaceous species include <i>Balduina angustifolia, Bulbostylis</i> spp., <i>Cnidoscolus urens var. stimulosus, Eragrostis refracta, Lechea sessiliflora, Pityopsis graminifolia, Tephrosia chrysophylla</i>, and <i>Stillingia sylvatica</i>. |
Comm #1327
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Fagus grandifolia - Liriodendron tulipifera / Euonymus americanus / Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35476-{8876D41E-540C-4626-9E56-79EED75DB195}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This association includes mesic hardwood forests dominated by <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> and <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> generally lacking an oak component. This forest occurs on slopes in the "lower Piedmont" of Alabama, and related habitats of adjacent and ecologically related provinces (Ridge and Valley, Cumberland Plateau, Interior Low Plateau, and Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain). This type is described from narrow, moderately well-drained floodplains and sheltered coves which have had little or no severe recent disturbance. In addition to the dominants, other important canopy/subcanopy species include <i>Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Fraxinus americana, Quercus rubra, Carpinus caroliniana, Magnolia virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica, Diospyros virginiana, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>. Shrubs and woody vines include <i>Decumaria barbara, Euonymus americanus, Rhododendron canescens, Toxicodendron radicans, Vitis rotundifolia, Smilax glauca</i>, and the exotic <i>Lonicera japonica</i>. Important herbs include <i>Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Polystichum acrostichoides, Woodwardia areolata, Osmunda cinnamomea, Mitchella repens</i>, and <i>Hexastylis arifolia</i>. |
Comm #1328
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Castanea dentata - Quercus rubra Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35537-{9B8FF594-DCD1-4C6D-A039-1D1B59CB55DC}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This community, dominated by <i>Castanea dentata</i> and <i>Quercus rubra</i>, is broadly defined and poorly known, since the type is now extinct, due to the reduction of <i>Castanea dentata</i> to a stump-sprouting shrub by the introduction and spread of <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> (chestnut blight). This community was once common in the southern Appalachian Mountains. There is some hope for the potential recovery of this community, or something resembling it, if a blight-resistant chestnut can be developed and introduced. |
Comm #1329
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Acer rubrum var. trilobum - Nyssa sylvatica / Osmunda cinnamomea - Carex intumescens / Sphagnum lescurii Seep Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35671-{063BD0A4-14A9-46FC-A972-726DC875D726}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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These forested acidic seeps occur in the Cumberland Plateau, the Ridge and Valley, areas of the western portions of the Southern Blue Ridge at lower elevations, as well as in the Appalachian Plateaus of Kentucky (Cliff section), and western Kentucky at the edge of the Shawnee Hills (Dripping Springs Escarpment). These forests are found primarily in streamhead swales on broad ridges on sandy, saturated soils derived from shales and sandstones. This community develops where a perched water table is present, as opposed to seepage from the base of a slope [for vegetation related to this latter condition, see ~<i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum - Nyssa sylvatica / Rhododendron canescens - Viburnum nudum var. nudum / Woodwardia areolata</i> Seep Forest (CEGL004425)$$]. Canopy coverage can be moderately dense to quite open. Canopy composition is highly variable, but <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Nyssa sylvatica, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> are common. Subcanopy trees can include <i>Ilex opaca var. opaca, Carpinus caroliniana</i>, and (within range) <i>Magnolia macrophylla</i>. Tall shrubs are scattered and may be locally dominant. Typical shrubs include <i>Ilex verticillata, Alnus serrulata, Rhododendron maximum, Aronia melanocarpa, Vaccinium simulatum, Viburnum nudum var. nudum</i>, and <i>Cornus foemina</i>. In examples from the Southern Blue Ridge, <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i> will replace <i>Viburnum nudum var. nudum</i> in this type. Woody vines can be common and include <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and (especially towards the southern part of the association's distribution), <i>Decumaria barbara</i> and <i>Bignonia capreolata</i>. Typical herbaceous species include <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Chasmanthium laxum, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Woodwardia areolata, Oxypolis rigidior, Carex intumescens, Carex debilis, Carex crinita, Medeola virginiana, Lobelia cardinalis, Juncus effusus var. pylaei, Scirpus polyphyllus, Rubus hispidus, Solidago patula var. patula, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides</i>, and <i>Viola x primulifolia</i>. <i>Platanthera integrilabia</i> and <i>Platanthera clavellata</i> are also known from these forested seeps but are more typical in more open woodland seeps. Patches of <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. are common and <i>Sphagnum lescurii</i> is typical. In the Daniel Boone National Forest (Kentucky), some stands can contain <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> and be transitional to ~<i>Tsuga canadensis - Acer rubrum - (Nyssa sylvatica) / Rhododendron maximum / Sphagnum</i> spp. Seep Forest (CEGL007565)$$. |
Comm #1330
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Quercus falcata - Pinus taeda - (Fagus grandifolia, Quercus nigra) / Persea palustris Maritime Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35735-{BD0FD94B-9E7B-442C-974B-133C4D6EDFE7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
13
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This community and related deciduous-dominated communities occur on the most sheltered sites on barrier islands. They are protected from the most extreme stresses of the maritime environment, such as storm waves and intense salt spray, by high dune ridges and distance from the beach. This association is only known from a few sites in extreme southeastern Virginia (Cape Henry) and on the Outer Banks of North Carolina (primarily Nags Head Woods and Kitty Hawk Woods). In addition to <i>Quercus falcata, Pinus taeda, Fagus grandifolia</i>, and <i>Quercus nigra</i>, the canopy may include <i>Carya glabra, Carya pallida</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. The subcanopy may include <i>Persea palustris, Carpinus caroliniana, Ilex opaca var. opaca, Cornus florida, Vaccinium arboreum, Ostrya virginiana, Juniperus virginiana, Sassafras albidum, Amelanchier canadensis, Oxydendrum arboreum, Castanea pumila</i>, and <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>. Shrubs and vines include <i>Gaylussacia frondosa, Arundinaria gigantea, Callicarpa americana, Morella cerifera, Rhus copallinum, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Vitis rotundifolia, Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax bona-nox</i>, and <i>Gelsemium sempervirens</i>. The herb layer may contain <i>Mitchella repens, Pteridium aquilinum, Carex nigromarginata, Conopholis americana, Hieracium gronovii, Chasmanthium laxum, Prenanthes autumnalis, Cnidoscolus urens var. stimulosus</i>, and <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum</i>. |
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