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Comm #1391
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Quercus virginiana - Quercus pagoda - Magnolia grandiflora - Carya glabra / Ilex opaca Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36035-{76CF84F8-2D8F-44CC-B9FB-30E7C70472B9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This forest occurs on mesic to dry-mesic bluffs in the Outer Coastal Plain of southeastern South Carolina and adjacent Georgia. The canopy is dominated by <i>Carya glabra, Quercus virginiana, Quercus pagoda</i>, and <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Quercus nigra</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. The subcanopy is open and is dominated by <i>Ilex opaca</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Pinus glabra, Cornus florida</i>, and <i>Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana</i>. The shrub layer is open, with <i>Ilex vomitoria, Vaccinium elliottii, Arundinaria tecta, Morella cerifera, Symplocos tinctoria, Callicarpa americana, Juniperus virginiana, Sabal minor, Berchemia scandens</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans</i>. Herbs are few, though <i>Chasmanthium laxum</i> and <i>Chasmanthium sessiliflorum</i> may be patchily common. |
Comm #1392
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Populus fremontii / Baccharis salicifolia Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29850-{0475C422-0F5D-4337-80AB-CDE2A11FDD76}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This lowland riparian woodland is described from central and southern coastal interior ranges of California, southwestern Utah and southwestern New Mexico, and may possibly occur along the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. Elevations are below 1580 m in New Mexico, below 1300 m in Utah, and between 85 and 1275 m (279-4182 feet) in California. Stands typically occur along lower-elevation reaches of streams and on the main stem of rivers. Sites are on low- to mid-elevation terraces and bars that have shallow water tables and are flooded for brief periods during the growing season. Soils are shallow and coarse-textured, composed of sand, gravel or cobbles derived from alluvium. Diagnostic of this riparian woodland is the tree canopy dominated by <i>Populus fremontii</i> with <i>Baccharis salicifolia</i> dominating the shrub layer. <i>Fraxinus velutina, Platanus wrightii</i> and <i>Salix gooddingii</i> may be present but are not well-represented (<5% cover). The shrub layer is composed primarily of <i>Baccharis salicifolia</i>. Other common associates may include <i>Salix exigua, Prosopis</i> spp., and <i>Ericameria nauseosa</i>. <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> are common introduced shrub and tree species that have invaded many of these stands. The herbaceous layer is variable but is generally sparse. Disturbed sites may be dominated by introduced species such as <i>Bromus tectorum</i>. |
Comm #1393
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Salix exigua Riparian Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30106-{5CC82C0F-23E7-4D96-8EA4-54653B1FD5D6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This willow shrubland is found throughout the western United States. This is a highly flood-tolerant community that occurs along rivers and streams at lower elevations, on recently flooded riparian areas, and in moist swales and ditches that are frequently disturbed. Stands occur most commonly on alluvial sand, but silt, clay or gravel may also be present. <i>Salix exigua</i> is the dominant canopy species (<i>Salix interior</i> or intermediates of the two willow species may be present in the eastern part of the range). It can form dense stands up to 4 m tall, but there are often patches where the shrub layer is absent. Seedlings and small saplings of <i>Populus deltoides, Populus balsamifera</i>, and <i>Salix amygdaloides</i> may be present. The herbaceous cover is sparse to moderate and rarely exceeds 30%. Species present may include <i>Cenchrus longispinus, Polygonum lapathifolium, Schoenoplectus americanus, Triglochin maritima</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>.<br /><br />In California, the overstory shrub canopy is open to continuous and dominated by <i>Salix exigua</i>, with <i>Rubus armeniacus</i> often present. Trees such as <i>Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus latifolia</i>, and <i>Salix laevigata</i> sometimes occur as scattered emergents. Other shrubs that may be present include <i>Rhus trilobata var. trilobata, Quercus gambelii, Rosa woodsii, Rosa nutkana, Ericameria nauseosa, Arctostaphylos patula</i>, and <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> The herbaceous layer is typically open and often includes <i>Artemisia douglasiana</i>. The composition of this community, especially the herbaceous layer, varies from year to year with succession or renewed disturbance. |
Comm #1394
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Dasiphora fruticosa / Festuca campestris Shrub Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30412-{0F63C45C-71E0-44ED-8D70-B44FE62A50EE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This shrub herbaceous type is found in northwestern Montana and southern Alberta. It is primarily east of the Continental Divide, and north of the 46th parallel. It usually occurs on gently sloping or rolling topography to somewhat steep slopes (1-45%) at elevations between 1340 and 2015 m (4400-6600 feet). Stands tend to occur on south-facing low and midslopes but can occur on all aspects, and on basin floors. Soil textures are sandy loam, loam to silty clay loam. Soils are moderately deep, moderately to well-drained with 10- to 18 inch rooting depth, and derived from glacial-fluvial deposits of siltstone, limestone or sandstone parent materials. Surface rock can be abundant, but little bare ground is exposed. Vegetation and litter generally exceed 98% cover. It is considered a moderately mesic Rocky Mountain foothill steppe. This association is a high-diversity, foothill, montane to subalpine, mesic dwarf-shrub steppe dominated by <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda </i>and <i>Festuca campestris</i>. <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> is the diagnostic shrub species, and may not be readily visible because of the tall growth of the <i>Festuca campestris</i>. However, not only is <i>Dasiphora</i> present, but it can have canopy cover between 5-30%. In general, higher elevation stands have less overall vegetative cover. Other shrubs that may be present include <i>Rosa woodsii, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Artemisia frigida, Amelanchier alnifolia, Mahonia repens</i>, and <i>Juniperus horizontalis</i>. Herbaceous cover ranges from 40-100% with very high species diversity. Stands at lower elevations have 90-100% herbaceous cover, while higher elevation areas have 40-70% total herbaceous cover. <i>Festuca campestris</i> is the highest of all herbaceous species at 30% average cover. Other high-constancy species include <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata, Bouteloua gracilis, Gaillardia aristata, Lupinus sericeus, Fragaria virginiana, Festuca idahoensis, Penstemon confertus, Galium boreale, Potentilla gracilis, Anemone multifida, Achillea millefolium</i>, and <i>Cerastium arvense</i>. Presence of <i>Danthonia intermedia</i> may be an indicator for more mesic sites with higher productivity. |
Comm #1395
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Salix laevigata / Artemisia douglasiana - Rubus ursinus Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34079-{83E1C942-44F8-43A5-ABBF-7F451684130E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This riparian woodland occurs in central and southern coastal mountains of California. It occurs along gentle low-gradient stream and river terraces and ranges in elevation from 237 to 890 m (777-2923 feet). The parent material is alluvium or mixed granitic, and soils range from sand to silty clay loam with high litter cover. <i>Salix laevigata</i> occurs as a tree overstory dominant. <i>Platanus racemosa, Populus fremontii, Quercus lobata</i>, and <i>Quercus agrifolia</i> may be present with low cover. A shrub layer is often present with high to low cover of <i>Salix lasiolepis</i>; other shrubs that may be present with low cover include <i>Baccharis salicifolia, Salvia spathacea, Rubus ursinus</i>, and <i>Amorpha fruticosa</i>. A wide variety of herb species occupy the understory, with <i>Artemisia douglasiana</i> characteristically present. Other herbs often occurring include <i>Mimulus guttatus, Ambrosia psilostachya, Bromus diandrus, Bromus hordeaceus, Hirschfeldia incana, Marrubium vulgare, Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum<i>, and <i>Urtica dioica</i>.</i></i> |
Comm #1396
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Valeriana sitchensis - Veratrum viride Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30907-{E20BFACC-1DB8-4860-B4D1-6FD84614DBEA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This is a lush subalpine meadow association of the northern Cascades (Washington) and northern Rockies (Montana and Alberta). It is a small-patch type best described as a forb meadow associated with mesic sites of the upper subalpine to lower alpine zones; the observed elevation range in the Cascades was 1738 to 2150 m (5700-7050 feet), while in the northern Rocky Mountains it has been documented from 1555 to 2270 m (5100-7445 feet). In the Cascades it occurs on southerly exposures of moderate to steep, well-drained slopes. In the northern Rockies it occupies a wider variety of environments, including steep northeast slopes and glacio-fluvial flats and swales that lose their snow cover relatively late in the season. Substrates in the Rockies range from glacial till and drift to scree slopes, almost all of which are composed of noncalcareous sedimentary rock. These are lush, tall-forb communities, often highly diverse. The Cascadian and Rocky Mountain expressions of this type are dominated by <i>Valeriana sitchensis</i> and usually <i>Veratrum viride</i>, but the Cascadian has <i>Lupinus latifolius</i> and <i>Carex spectabilis</i> as major associates, and the Rocky Mountain examples have quite a different suite of associated forbs, none of which attain more than modest cover. The most constant forbs of the northern Rockies are <i>Angelica arguta, Heracleum maximum, Hypericum scouleri, Chamerion angustifolium, Erigeron peregrinus, Erythronium grandiflorum</i>, and <i>Senecio triangularis</i>. In the Cascades, <i>Heracleum maximum, Erythronium</i> spp., and <i>Chamerion angustifolium</i> are also common, along with <i>Mitella breweri, Polygonum bistortoides</i>, and <i>Pulsatilla occidentalis</i>. A number of forbs with less demanding moisture requirements, such as <i>Thalictrum occidentale</i> and <i>Potentilla diversifolia</i>, also regularly occur. Graminoids are a minor component of these sites with <i>Poa alpina, Phleum alpinum, Juncus drummondii, Luzula parviflora</i>, and <i>Carex microptera</i> having the greatest constancy but only infrequently exceed a few percent cover. |
Comm #1397
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Populus deltoides - (Salix nigra) / Spartina pectinata - Carex spp. Floodplain Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30926-{BF484D4B-7B3A-438C-BEEF-BAD6FF851BAE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This cottonwood - willow woodland is found on floodplains near the lower Missouri River and its tributaries in the western tallgrass prairie region of the United States. The water table may be at or near the surface for parts of the year, with spring floods possible. Soils of this community are deep sandy loam to sand and somewhat poorly drained. The parent material is alluvium. In this floodplain woodland, the overstory is composed of medium to tall trees, including <i>Acer negundo, Carya illinoinensis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Populus deltoides, Quercus palustris, Salix nigra</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. The ground layer consists of tall and mid grasses and forbs. <i>Andropogon gerardii, Panicum virgatum</i>, and <i>Spartina pectinata</i> are commonly present in the ground layer. Ground layer species of this community are also typical of wet-mesic and wet prairie. |
Comm #1398
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Salix monticola / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31565-{C1274B23-6BDF-44E8-A597-EE2AF670C04E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This plant association is found throughout the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado. It occurs along wet banks and terraces of low-gradient, subalpine streams at 2500-3100 m (8300-10,240 feet) elevation in broad valley bottoms, commonly near beaver ponds. Soils are heavy clay loams, sandy clay loams, and heavy silty clays, often with significant organic matter. This plant association is a tall (1.5-2.5 m [5-8 feet]), deciduous shrubland with an open canopy of willows and a thick understory of grasses and sedges. Willows establish on higher hummocks, while <i>Carex utriculata</i> establishes at the water margins and in wet swales between willow hummocks. The willow canopy is dominated by <i>Salix monticola</i> (10-80% cover), although other species may include <i>Salix geyeriana, Salix brachycarpa, Salix drummondiana, Salix ligulifolia</i>, and <i>Salix boothii</i>. The undergrowth is dominated by patches of <i>Carex utriculata</i>, but <i>Carex aquatilis, Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, and <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> are often present as well. Total forb cover is generally <10% and may include <i>Cardamine cordifolia, Mertensia ciliata</i>, and <i>Heracleum maximum</i>. |
Comm #1399
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Aristida beyrichiana - Rhynchospora spp. - Verbesina chapmanii Seepage Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32996-{748B0B17-2118-495A-BA06-451247B507FF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This type represents one of two described phases of wet prairie or open savanna which are endemic, or nearly so, to the western portions of the Apalachicola National Forest. This type has been referred to as the "<i>Verbesina</i> phase" and is presumably drier and found on clayier soils. While both types are dominated by <i>Aristida beyrichiana</i>, this type supports <i>Verbesina chapmanii</i>, a panhandle Florida endemic, and lacks significant amounts of <i>Pleea tenuifolia</i> and <i>Sarracenia</i> species. A rich herbaceous layer is present, among which <i>Ctenium aromaticum</i> is an abundant grass. An emergent layer of <i>Hypericum</i> spp. may be present if fires have been only infrequent. Preliminary data suggest that <i>Muhlenbergia expansa, Lobelia brevifolia</i>, and <i>Fuirena breviseta</i> may be indicative of this type as well. |
Comm #1400
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Quercus (alba, coccinea, falcata, velutina) / Kalmia latifolia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32944-{4DE1378A-24F0-434F-9FAF-2404913F9ED9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
12
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This community consists of deciduous forests on terraces 1-3 m (3-10 feet) above the banks of medium-sized, high-energy rivers in the Cumberlands and Ridge and Valley regions of Alabama and possibly Tennessee. These forests are unusual in that they are flooded yearly, yet they retain a canopy dominated by oaks more common on drier slopes. Any combination of <i>Quercus alba, Quercus falcata, Quercus coccinea</i>, and <i>Quercus velutina</i> dominates along with more traditional bottomland tree species such as <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. The shrub layer has at least 30% cover and tends to be dominated by <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> with other shrubs such as <i>Calycanthus floridus, Corylus cornuta, Hamamelis virginiana, Viburnum</i> spp., and others. The herbaceous stratum is sparse to moderate and contains <i>Chasmanthium sessiliflorum</i> (at least 10% cover). |
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