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Comm #1471	Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Calamagrostis canadensis Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29209-{AE931C20-4B12-4361-9FDA-E424D76359A4}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This spruce-fir riparian forest type is a minor and sporadic plant association in the middle Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah, but is consistently present in most mountain ranges in the northern Rocky Mountains well into Canada. It occupies the lower to middle reaches of the subalpine zone, occurring from 1400 to 2776 m (4595-9075 feet), and occasionally to 3300 m (10,800 feet) in elevation. It has the coldest and wettest environment in the <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> alliance because of high groundwater levels and cold-air drainage from surrounding uplands. Snowpack often persists late into the season. Sites include toeslopes and footslopes and stream terraces of all gradients. However, the most common landscape position is poorly drained depressions or basins, from pond margins, to fairly sizable kettleholes to minor swales. These depositional positions are typified by fine-textured soils. These sites are typically subirrigated and in the early portion of the growing season are saturated to the surface, but they become dry by mid summer or earlier. The canopy of this type is highly variable with some stands having a dense canopy of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, with <i>Picea engelmannii</i> a lesser component and <i>Pinus contorta</i> or <i>Populus tremuloides</i> seral components. <i>Abies</i> and <i>Picea</i> are sometimes only poorly represented as stunted or very slow-growing individuals in old-growth stands of persistent <i>Pinus contorta</i>. These prolonged seral conditions typically occur with sites that are not too wet. Sites are sufficiently wet that <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> and <i>Larix occidentalis</i> do poorly here as seral species. <i>Pinus albicaulis</i> may occur when this type extends into the upper subalpine zone in protected basins, where it is most commonly found on hummocks or drier sites within the stand. Shrub associates include <i>Ledum glandulosum, Lonicera involucrata, Ribes lacustre, Vaccinium cespitosum, Vaccinium myrtillus</i>, and <i>Vaccinium scoparium</i>. <i>Rubus parviflorus, Symphoricarpos albus</i>, and <i>Spiraea betulifolia</i>, can comprise a distinct layer in some stands. The modal undergrowth condition is characterized as a relatively lush sward of <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> (or <i>Calamagrostis stricta</i>) with scattered shrubs and herbs. Other graminoids can include <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex disperma, Carex microptera, Carex norvegica ssp. inferalpina, Carex utriculata, Luzula parviflora</i>, and <i>Poa reflexa</i>. Associated forbs are geographically variable, and occasionally they can be conspicuous. Those forbs with high constancy include <i>Thalictrum occidentale, Senecio triangularis, Veratrum viride, Heracleum maximum, Dodecatheon jeffreyi, Maianthemum stellatum, Streptopus amplexifolius</i>, and <i>Equisetum arvense</i>. Moss cover is typically high.
Comm #1472	Pinus ponderosa / Quercus gambelii Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29779-{2762E9B2-9BD5-41BE-BDB6-FC48C27F68E7}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This major ponderosa pine woodland is widespread and has been reported from foothills, mountains and plateaus from Colorado to Texas, west to Arizona and Nevada. Elevation ranges from 1830-2800 m (6000-9200 feet). Stands often occur along drainages, on lower and middle slopes and benches on all aspects. Soils are typically shallow and rocky, ranging from sandy loams to clay loams. At El Malpais National Monument in western New Mexico, it generally occurs on rolling lava plateaus, steep sideslopes of volcano craters, on gentle toeslopes of low cinder hills, or on sandstone outcrops. Substrates are derived from basalt or sandstone, with rock, gravel, and occasional patches of sandy soil. Litter is often abundant in patches. <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> dominates or sometimes codominates the sparse to moderately dense tree canopy with <i>Pinus edulis</i> and <i>Juniperus</i> spp. <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> is accidental and <i>Abies concolor</i> is not present. <i>Quercus gambelii</i> dominates both the subcanopy (tree form, if present) and the typically moderately dense tall-shrub layer consisting of dense clumps of oak. <i>Quercus gambelii</i> must have at least 5% cover, but there is frequently over 25%. At higher elevations, the <i>Quercus gambelii</i> are more treelike, and <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i> will be present with significant cover in the short-shrub layer. At lower elevations, scattered <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, Pinus edulis</i>, and <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i> are often present. At El Malpais, <i>Forestiera pubescens</i> is the most commonly occurring shrub, along with occasional <i>Ribes cereum</i>. Other common shrub species may include <i>Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Mahonia repens</i>, and <i>Rosa woodsii</i>. The herbaceous layer is generally sparse and composed of mostly graminoids and scattered forbs.
Comm #1473	Salix geyeriana / Calamagrostis canadensis Wet Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30114-{6AE15775-6F61-4667-AF07-D1418B9668F5}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This riparian shrubland often forms large expanses of willows on broad montane valley floors. Stands have a 2- to 3-m tall, cold-deciduous shrub canopy that is dominated by <i>Salix geyeriana</i>. The ground is usually hummocky with a dense herbaceous layer that is dominated by the perennial graminoid <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. These shrublands are often associated with beaver-created wetlands. This shrubland generally occurs on broad, flat mountain valleys where the valley gradient is not more than 5% between 1585 and 3050 m (5200-10,000 feet) in elevation. It is known from Idaho, Montana, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming and Colorado. This is a tall, cold-deciduous willow shrubland with an open canopy of <i>Salix geyeriana</i>. The stands are generally open with only 40% cover but can occur with a near-continuous canopy. A shorter shrub layer is often present, these generally tucked underneath the taller willows, even in more open stands, although short shrubs away from the taller canopy are not unexpected. Common coexisting tall shrubs include <i>Salix boothii</i> and <i>Salix drummondiana</i>. Common shorter shrub species include <i>Salix planifolia, Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Lonicera involucrata, Ribes lacustre</i>, and <i>Betula glandulosa</i>. The undergrowth is a very thick carpet of graminoids dominated by <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. <i>Carex aquatilis</i> and <i>Carex utriculata</i> are often present but never in as great abundance as <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. <i>Bromus ciliatus, Poa pratensis, Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, and <i>Phleum alpinum</i> are also commonly encountered. Forbs contribute very little to the overall biomass but are always present in small amounts. No species are consistently present, but often seen species include <i>Geum macrophyllum, Thalictrum fendleri, Heracleum maximum</i>, and <i>Fragaria virginiana</i>.
Comm #1474	Rhus trilobata / Carex filifolia Shrub Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30413-{9E2604D3-CB8B-452E-AC92-3297349F93AC}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This shrub-steppe is found in the northern Great Plains of the United States. This community is dominated by herbaceous vegetation, overtopped by a shrub canopy of 10-25% cover (though a more dense shrub variant is possible). The tallest shrubs are typically 0.6 m tall. The most abundant shrub is <i>Rhus trilobata</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Artemisia frigida, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Parthenocissus vitacea, Rosa arkansana, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron rydbergii</i>. The most abundant herbaceous species is <i>Carex filifolia</i>, usually accompanied by <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Pascopyrum smithii, Schizachyrium scoparium, Koeleria macrantha, Muhlenbergia cuspidata</i>, and <i>Hesperostipa comata</i>. <i>Carex inops ssp. heliophila</i> and <i>Elymus lanceolatus</i> are found in the shade of shrubs. Forbs have very low coverage. Common forbs include <i>Artemisia dracunculus, Echinacea angustifolia, Dalea purpurea</i>, and <i>Phlox andicola</i>. Stands occur on moderate to steep slopes on protected ridgetops and upper slopes of draws. The soil is sandy loam and fine sandy loams formed in Tertiary sandstone and colluvium.
Comm #1475	Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Mesic Forbs Wet Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31541-{09E76D9E-F654-436D-A571-9451EA74CCB4}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This deciduous shrubland is located in moderate to high-elevation (1200-3000 m) riparian habitats of the northern Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range where deep snow accumulations are common. They usually occur in low-gradient creek drainages, on midslope avalanche chutes, in cirque basins, and in relatively steep drainages, all of which flood from spring snowmelt or summer rainstorms. The wet soils and frequent fluvial disturbance act to discourage colonization by coniferous trees and allow full sunlight to reach the ground at these sites. Soils are often well-drained colluvial or glacial-fluvial deposits, generally sandy loam to clay loam over sorted gravels and sands. A dense tall-shrub cover of <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata</i> characterizes this vegetation. <i>Acer circinatum, Alnus incana, Sambucus racemosa</i>, or <i>Salix drummondiana</i> may be codominant in the tall-shrub layer. <i>Acer glabrum, Ribes lacustre, Sorbus scopulina</i>, and <i>Menziesia ferruginea</i> may also be present. In the northern Rocky Mountains, <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> colonizes these communities, and scattered seedlings or saplings may be present. Low cold-deciduous or ericaceous shrubs may be abundant, including <i>Rubus spectabilis, Rubus parviflorus, Sambucus racemosa, Paxistima myrsinites</i>, and <i>Vaccinium</i> spp. A lush herbaceous layer is usually present, characterized by a high diversity of low-abundance tall mesic forbs, including <i>Aconitum columbianum, Achillea millefolium, Heracleum maximum, Veratrum viride, Senecio triangularis, Prosartes</i> spp., <i>Urtica dioica</i>, and <i>Osmorhiza berteroi</i>. Graminoids are generally uncommon.
Comm #1476	Picea pungens / Betula occidentalis Riparian Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31545-{C4215F38-6538-4074-A1BD-E65A87B09D19}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This blue spruce association is known from Colorado, southern Utah and possibly northern New Mexico. It is a cool, moist riparian woodland occurring in deep, narrow canyons and alcoves in the foothills of lower montane elevations of 2200-2700 m. <i>Betula occidentalis</i> forms an open to thick band in deep, subirrigated soils along narrow floodplains, streambanks and terraces, with branches overhanging the stream. Mature <i>Picea pungens</i> dominates the canopy (10-60% cover), and <i>Populus tremuloides</i> may be present as well. <i>Betula occidentalis</i> is always present in the shrub understory (20-40% cover), often joined by <i>Alnus incana</i>. Other shrubs include <i>Salix exigua, Salix bebbiana</i>, and <i>Cornus sericea</i>. <i>Equisetum arvense</i> is always present in the sparse or dense herbaceous layer. Common associates may include forbs such as <i>Rudbeckia laciniata, Heracleum sphondylium, Fragaria virginiana, Mertensia ciliata</i>, and the graminoid <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>.
Comm #1477	Quercus wislizeni – Quercus kelloggii Association » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/vegbranch:commConcept:28842-{1763E44E-90D5-419D-9F54-1ACBCC4DF6EF} NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	Northern Sierra Nevada Foothills Report	11
Comm #1478	(Kalmia latifolia, Physocarpus opulifolius) / Schizachyrium scoparium - Thalictrum revolutum - Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Shrub Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33074-{C1E15127-1E0D-4AA0-8E11-DDA7F8715932}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	These are sloping, grass-dominated, herbaceous openings which range from a grassland to shrubland physiognomy. This community occurs at high elevations (around 1200 m [3970 feet]) in the Blue Ridge uplands where the soils are thin and poorly developed over amphibole or hornblende bedrock. Examples occur on upper south-facing slopes. The soils (Lithic Haplorthents) are droughty and thin and do not buffer the flora from the mafic character of the bedrock. They may, however, be seasonally wet, and the diagnostic flora may reflect the unique soil and moisture conditions. The occurrence of continuous, generally flat mafic rock as opposed to the irregular fragmented rock of most rocky summits is characteristic of this community. This feature may restrict the flora to those species which can survive in shallow crevices or on thin veneers over smooth rock. There are typically some extremely stunted trees and scattered shrubs, the most common being <i>Quercus rubra, Kalmia latifolia, Salix humilis, Physocarpus opulifolius, Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i>. Woody plants are generally restricted to microsites with slightly deeper soils. The most characteristic herbaceous species include <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i> (generally most abundant), <i>Danthonia spicata, Coreopsis major, Thalictrum revolutum, Sibbaldiopsis tridentata, Heuchera villosa, Helianthemum bicknellii, Ionactis linariifolius</i>, and <i>Liatris</i> spp. Many of the characteristic herbaceous species occur in crevices among exposed rock, but some larger, continuous patches of the dominant grasses may occur where thin veneers of soil have accumulated over the rock surfaces. Annuals such as <i>Hypericum gentianoides</i> and <i>Polygala curtissii</i> may be seasonally abundant. Many additional herbaceous species occur at low cover and constancy. Much of the remaining area is dominated by <i>Cladonia</i> lichens which grow directly on the exposed bedrock.
Comm #1479	Eragrostis hypnoides - Micranthemum umbrosum - Lipocarpha micrantha - (Juncus repens) Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33168-{727531A5-8456-404B-B899-255079B31900}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This annual-dominated community occupies drawdown banks of blackwater rivers and other seasonally flooded muddy to silty banks from Virginia to South Carolina and possibly Georgia. Annuals dominate this community and can include <i>Eragrostis hypnoides, Lipocarpha micrantha, Fimbristylis autumnalis, Micranthemum umbrosum, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea, Fimbristylis perpusilla</i>. Perennials are also present, including <i>Juncus repens, Helenium flexuosum, Gratiola aurea, Sabatia kennedyana</i>, but the community is generally dominated by a sparse to dense turf of annuals, most of the cover 2-10 cm tall. Seedlings and scattered larger individuals of trees such as <i>Betula nigra</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i> may occur. Other species present may include <i>Bidens frondosa, Boehmeria cylindrica, Commelina diffusa, Cyperus erythrorhizos, Cyperus polystachyos, Diodia virginiana, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa muricata, Echinodorus cordifolius, Eleocharis obtusa, Erechtites hieraciifolius, Hydrocotyle verticillata var. verticillata, Hypericum mutilum, Hypoxis curtissii, Justicia ovata, Ludwigia decurrens, Ludwigia palustris, Mitreola petiolata, Oldenlandia boscii, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Panicum rigidulum var. elongatum, Panicum verrucosum, Paspalum fluitans, Pluchea camphorata, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Rhynchospora corniculata, Rotala ramosior, Sabatia calycina, Scirpus cyperinus</i>, and <i>Triadenum walteri</i>. A wide range of other species may occur, including aliens, since seeds wash into this community from a variety of sources. This community often provides habitat for globally or regionally rare plant species, many of them adapted for this unusual environment.
Comm #1480	Diamorpha smallii - Minuartia glabra - Minuartia uniflora - Cyperus granitophilus Flatrock Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33171-{FD30E8F5-D765-4487-8ABE-610DEE2A460D}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	11	This association represents the Annual Succulent Zone of the Piedmont Granitic Flatrock Glade. This annual herbaceous community is a zonal component of granitic flatrock communities of the Piedmont of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Alabama. Characteristic species include <i>Diamorpha smallii, Minuartia glabra, Minuartia uniflora</i> (from southern NC southwards), <i>Cyperus granitophilus</i>, and other annuals. Perennials are not dominant but grade in from adjacent perennial zones.