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Comm #1651
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Picea pungens / Cornus sericea Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29297-{79190FA1-BFFC-4FB6-82AA-0FE0D4EB68D6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This riparian woodland association is best developed on cool, narrow floodplains in the montane zone of Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Scattered, isolated stands also occur in canyons of the Colorado Plateau. Sites flood periodically and range from nearly flat on broader floodplains to moderately steep in the narrowest canyons. In Colorado, the association occurs between 2100 and 2600 m (7000-8500 feet) elevation and in New Mexico between approximately 2500 and 3230 m (8200-10,600 feet). Soils tend to be poorly developed coarse alluvium. The evergreen needle-leaved tree canopy has 10 to 80% cover, is dominated by <i>Picea pungens</i>, and shades an open to dense shrub layer dominated by <i>Cornus sericea</i>. Other tree species may be present in the canopy, including <i>Populus angustifolia, Populus tremuloides, Picea engelmannii</i>, and <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>. Other components of the shrub layer include <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus, Betula occidentalis, Alnus incana, Crataegus rivularis, Salix monticola, Salix geyeriana, Acer glabrum, Amelanchier</i> spp., and <i>Prunus virginiana</i>. The herbaceous layer is variable in cover and composition depending on the density of the canopy and shrub layers and the frequency of flooding. Common herbaceous species include <i>Equisetum hyemale, Equisetum arvense, Chamerion angustifolium, Heracleum maximum</i>, and <i>Maianthemum stellatum</i>. <i>~Picea pungens / Cornus sericea</i> Riparian Woodland (CEGL000388)$$ was once a more common type and represents slightly more stable habitats than those of <i>~Picea pungens / Alnus incana</i> Riparian Woodland (CEGL000894)$$. |
Comm #1652
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Pinus flexilis / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29711-{0870E6F0-A88B-4481-BFB4-DBE72B68E3C1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This Rocky Mountain woodland is reported from New Mexico to Alberta. Stands are found on mid to upper to portions of steep to moderate slopes and ridgetops. Elevations range between 1385 and 3050 m (4540-10,000 feet). Sites are windswept and relatively dry, frequently with southerly aspects. Substrates are typically rocky, either bedrock outcrops, glacial till or colluvium. Substrate is often derived from calcareous substrates such as limestone and dolomite in the northern portion of the geographic range. The vegetation is characterized by an open tree canopy dominated or codominated by <i>Pinus flexilis</i>. Other tree species that may contribute to the canopy include <i>Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Picea engelmannii</i>, and occasionally <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. The understory is dominated by a dwarf-shrub layer dominated by <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i>. Short-shrub <i>Juniperus communis</i> may be codominant to absent. Additional shrubs may be present with low cover. The herbaceous layer is variable in abundance but often is sparse. There is considerable bare ground, gravel and/or rock in this association. |
Comm #1653
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Pseudotsuga menziesii / Cornus sericea Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29808-{23018013-5552-4689-A7BF-E330F7163E5B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This Rocky Mountain montane riparian woodland association is known from Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah. The vegetation is characterized by the overstory tree canopy dominated by <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> with <i>Cornus sericea</i> prominent in the shrub understory. Other tree species present include <i>Abies concolor, Abies lasiocarpa, Acer negundo, Juniperus scopulorum, Picea engelmannii, Picea pungens, Populus angustifolia, Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i> or <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. The lush shrub layer is dominated or codominated by <i>Cornus sericea</i> with 10-75% cover. Other common shrubs include <i>Acer glabrum, Amelanchier alnifolia, Alnus incana, Frangula betulifolia, Mahonia repens, Prunus virginiana, Quercus gambelii, Rosa woodsii, Salix exigua, Spiraea betulifolia, Shepherdia rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Symphoricarpos</i> spp. The herbaceous layer is sometimes sparse due to the dense shrub canopy, but when the shrub canopy is disturbed graminoids such as <i>Poa pratensis, Calamagrostis rubescens</i>, or <i>Elymus glaucus</i> dominate. Forb diversity is typically high with common forbs including <i>Actaea rubra, Fragaria virginiana, Geranium</i> spp., <i>Heracleum maximum, Maianthemum</i> spp., <i>Osmorhiza</i> spp., and <i>Thalictrum occidentale</i>. Elevations range from 1100 to 2590 m (3600-8500 feet). Stands occur on floodplains and benches along drainages and adjacent lower hill slopes in narrow valleys. Stream channels are typically narrow and steep, but also include major streams and rivers. Substrates are usually well-drained soils with clay loam to sandy loam textures derived from various alluvial or colluvial parent materials. Ground surface has high cover of litter. |
Comm #1654
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Artemisia tridentata Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29900-{505E4BB3-8047-4AE6-B1EC-966464EC1396}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This broadly defined sagebrush shrubland is described from eastern California, Nevada, and Utah, but likely occurs throughout much of the western U.S. Elevations range from 1340-2225 m. This association is used to describe any <i>Artemisia tridentata</i>-dominated shrubland where the subspecies is not known and the herbaceous layer is generally sparse. The herbaceous layer may be limited by substrate or disturbance. Stands in Utah and California have moderate cover (25-50%) of <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> often with scattered individuals of <i>Ephedra cutleri, Ericameria nauseosa, Grayia spinosa, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Opuntia polyacantha</i>, or <i>Sarcobatus vermiculatus</i>. If present, the herbaceous layer typically consists of low cover of graminoids such as <i>Distichlis spicata</i> and <i>Elymus elymoides</i>. Landforms include canyon bottom drainage channels, dunes, basins and slopes. Substrates are variable; soil texture ranges from sand to clay. |
Comm #1655
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Salix boothii / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30087-{59C98B6B-A3CF-4A5F-8141-E028C7A343BE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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Stands occur between 1800 and 2805 m (5900-9200 feet) in elevation. Sites are usually in wide valley bottoms on low-gradient floodplains, often associated with abandoned and current beaver ponds. This cold-deciduous shrubland is composed of tall willows, from 1.2-2.4 m (4-8 feet) in height. <i>Salix boothii</i> is the dominant species, as a monoculture or with lesser amounts to near codominance of <i>Salix geyeriana, Salix lucida, Salix drummondiana</i>, or <i>Salix wolfii</i>. Other shrubs may be present in small amounts; generally underneath the taller shrubs are <i>Lonicera involucrata, Betula glandulosa, Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Ribes inerme</i>, or <i>Ribes lacustre</i>. The herbaceous undergrowth is very abundant, often a dense sward of pure <i>Carex utriculata</i>. |
Comm #1656
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Juniperus horizontalis / Schizachyrium scoparium Dwarf-shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30303-{55406C26-5217-4128-8AA2-A317F80E246B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This creeping juniper community type is found in the northwestern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. Stands occur on moderate to steep slopes, usually on upper slopes. Soils are silty loam, sandy loam, or clay loam. In North Dakota, Montana, and South Dakota it occurs on north- and, rarely, west-facing slopes. In Manitoba it is thought to occur on dry south-facing slopes. Parent materials are sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and sandy glacial till. This community is dominated by short shrubs and graminoids. Vegetation cover is moderate to high. The dominant species is usually <i>Juniperus horizontalis</i>, a mat-forming shrub. Other low shrubs include <i>Artemisia frigida, Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>, and <i>Rosa arkansana</i>. <i>Rhus trilobata</i> and <i>Prunus virginiana</i> are taller shrubs that may be present. The most abundant graminoid is <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. Other common graminoids include <i>Calamovilfa longifolia, Carex filifolia, Carex inops ssp. heliophila, Carex duriuscula, Koeleria macrantha</i>, and <i>Muhlenbergia cuspidata</i>. Some of the forbs that are associated with this community are <i>Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida, Campanula rotundifolia, Comandra umbellata, Echinacea angustifolia, Dalea purpurea, Galium boreale, Packera plattensis</i>, and <i>Linum perenne</i>. |
Comm #1657
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Populus deltoides / Panicum virgatum - Schizachyrium scoparium Floodplain Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30363-{CF4AD546-EB02-4311-878B-E1E2B9B13BB3}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This community is found in the central and southern Great Plains of the United States. Stands occur in floodplains and along banks of permanent rivers or streams that flood periodically. Soils are deep, moderately poorly drained to somewhat well-drained, and vary from fine sandy loams to silty clay. A sparse to locally dense canopy of <i>Populus deltoides</i> dominates the open tree canopy, with <i>Salix amygdaloides</i> also present at many sites. The shrub layer is also poorly developed to nearly absent, with at most a sparse layer of <i>Shepherdia argentea</i> and <i>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>. The herbaceous understory is dominated by tall grasses 1-2 m tall, primarily <i>Panicum virgatum</i> and <i>Spartina pectinata</i>. Other graminoids frequently present include <i>Carex nebrascensis</i> and <i>Carex pellita</i>. In drier sites, the mid grasses <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Pascopyrum smithii</i>, and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i> may be common. Forb species present in Wyoming stands include <i>Ambrosia psilostachya, Artemisia ludoviciana, Asclepias speciosa, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Grindelia squarrosa, Liatris punctata</i>, and <i>Opuntia polyacantha</i>. Exotic species are usually uncommon in this community. Overall species diversity is low. |
Comm #1658
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Picea glauca - Abies balsamea / Pleurozium schreberi Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31417-{74A87414-E4E6-497E-81E1-C1A49EECEF87}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This spruce-fir evergreen forest type is found in Canada in northern Ontario, Manitoba, and probably other regions of the boreal forest. Stands are dominated by <i>Picea glauca</i> and <i>Abies balsamea</i>. The shrub and herb layer are species poor. Mosses dominate the ground layer, including extensive mats of <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i>. |
Comm #1659
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Potamogeton spp. - Ceratophyllum spp. Midwest Aquatic Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31191-{D8282A9B-FD4E-4238-82E8-D0E0874D72CA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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This broadly defined submerged aquatic or open marsh type is found throughout the midwestern region of the United States and adjacent Canada. Based on information in the northern parts of the Midwest, several vegetation subgroups can be recognized that may be separate associations. Subgroup A is a shallow (<50 cm), sparsely vegetated, open water marsh found on sand, or organic and mineral material trapped in rocky bottoms. Stands are often exposed to wave action and found in oligotrophic lakes. Dominant plants often have basal rosettes that are resistant to wave action. Typical species include <i>Elatine minima, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Gratiola aurea, Isoetes tenella, Isoetes lacustris, Juncus pelocarpus</i>, and <i>Lobelia dortmanna</i>. Subgroup B is a shallow (<50 cm) open water marsh with emergent cover <25% and floating-leaved aquatics >25%. Substrate is a mineral soil (often sand), boulders, or a mixture of sedimentary peat and fine mineral soil. Stands can be exposed to waves or are in stream channels. Stands may often be dominated by a single species. Typical dominants include <i>Eleocharis acicularis, Myriophyllum</i> spp., <i>Potamogeton amplifolius, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton praelongus, Potamogeton robbinsii, Sparganium fluctuans</i>, and <i>Utricularia macrorhiza</i>. Subgroup C includes open water marsh with emergent cover <25% and floating leaved aquatics >25%. Substrate is sedimentary peat and stands are often found in sheltered bays of lakes and streams that do not have high wave energy. Stands may often be dominated by a single species. Typical dominants include <i>Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna</i> spp., <i>Myriophyllum sibiricum, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Potamogeton natans, Stuckenia pectinata, Potamogeton richardsonii, Potamogeton zosteriformis, Ranunculus aquatilis, Utricularia macrorhiza</i>, and <i>Vallisneria americana</i>. |
Comm #1660
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Populus angustifolia - Pseudotsuga menziesii Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31549-{CD75F588-6CCF-41AC-9237-6496ADA37F37}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
9
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The riparian woodland association is found along small active streams in rocky, cool canyons and valleys between 2000-2700 m in Colorado, Utah, and Nevada. It occurs naturally in small stands on wash bottoms, streambanks, cobble bars and terraces where a northern or protected aspect creates cool micro-environments. A mix of <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (10-40% cover) and <i>Populus angustifolia</i> (10-60% cover) in the upper canopy is diagnostic, though they may be joined by other conifer species. Shrub cover is typically low, but highly variable and diverse, and may include <i>Acer glabrum, Salix exigua, Alnus incana, Betula occidentalis, Salix lucida ssp. caudata, Clematis ligusticifolia, Ribes cereum</i>, and <i>Quercus gambelii</i>. Herbaceous cover can be sparse and usually limited by heavy shade. This association represents a transition from lower montane to upper montane habitats. Nearly all stands observed have an adjacent north-facing slope with <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> forests. These woodland are dependent upon flooding disturbance for regeneration of <i>Populus angustifolia</i>. |
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