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Comm #1681	Cladium mariscoides / Vaccinium macrocarpon - Morella pensylvanica Wet Dwarf-shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34789-{47955EA5-6B4E-4BAF-B717-2033D0A4B56C}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This association is a small-patch seasonally flooded wetland within low swales behind backdunes of major dune systems of the northeastern Atlantic coast. Vegetation is characterized by <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon, Sphagnum</i> spp., and scattered <i>Morella pensylvanica, Myrica gale</i>, and/or <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i>. <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> is generally dominant, but a number of rushes, sedges, grasses, and forbs co-occur and often obscure the low-growing <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>. <i>Morella pensylvanica</i>, although a minor component of the vegetation and generally restricted to the wetland edge, characterizes this community as coastal. The wetland is seasonally flooded and is often dry on the surface late in the growing season. A shallow layer of peat overtops deep sand deposits. Associated species commonly include <i>Juncus</i> spp. (<i>Juncus canadensis, Juncus greenei, Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis, Juncus biflorus, Juncus scirpoides, Juncus pelocarpus</i> and/or others), <i>Cladium mariscoides, Xyris torta, Xyris difformis, Rhynchospora capitellata, Rhynchospora alba, Cyperus</i> spp., <i>Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera intermedia, Drosera filiformis, Pogonia ophioglossoides</i>, and scattered clumps of <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> or <i>Scirpus cyperinus</i> in small wet pockets. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. (<i>Sphagnum rubellum, Sphagnum compactum</i>, and possibly others) cover the surface. Species occurring less frequently can include <i>Linum striatum, Lycopodiella inundata, Polygala cruciata, Calopogon</i> spp., <i>Platanthera</i> spp., <i>Utricularia subulata, Triadenum</i> sp., and others. Floristics can vary among swales due to hydrology, soils, or disturbance regime.
Comm #1682	Tsuga caroliniana - Pinus (rigida, pungens, virginiana) Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34826-{D6B13E16-E6FE-497A-ABA8-4AA35FF61957}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This association is known from shallow soils over sedimentary and metasedimentary rock strata on exposed ridges and southwest-facing slopes above 610 m (2000 feet) elevation in the Southern Blue Ridge and upper Piedmont of North Carolina and Tennessee. This xeric forest community is dominated by a mixture of <i>Tsuga caroliniana</i> and any or all of the following pine species: <i>Pinus rigida, Pinus virginiana</i>, and/or <i>Pinus pungens</i>. Additional canopy species may include <i>Quercus montana, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Carya glabra</i>. The structure of the canopy varies from closed to open depending on disturbance history and environment. The patchy to open shrub layer of Tennessee occurrences is characterized by <i>Buckleya distichophylla</i> and <i>Rhododendron minus</i> in the upper shrub layer, and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> and <i>Gaultheria procumbens</i> in the lower shrub layer. The patchy to open herbaceous layer is characterized by <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. As much as 25% of the ground cover may contain lichens, including <i>Cladonia rangiferina</i> and <i>Cladonia subtenuis</i>.
Comm #1683	Rhynchospora (alba, cephalantha) - Muhlenbergia uniflora - Lophiola aurea Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34932-{2BEFA938-470E-43AB-AD5B-B2755FA6D250}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This wet meadow occurs in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey on the floodplains of Outer Coastal Plain rivers and streams. It is often found in expanses bordered by woody herbaceous savanna. Microtopography is tussocky, with dwarf Atlantic white-cedar on the low-graminoid tussocks and a remarkable diversity of herbaceous and bryophyte species on the hummocks and in the hollows. The visual impression of this community is a sedge meadow with the scattered yellow and white fuzzy flowers of <i>Lophiola aurea</i> and white flowers of <i>Sabatia difformis</i>. This community is stable in undisturbed sites as well as historically disturbed sites on a variety of substrates including peat, bog iron muck, or quartzite sand. Groundwater seepage is the primary hydrologic force with occasional riverine flooding. Dominant species include <i>Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora cephalantha, Muhlenbergia uniflora, Lophiola aurea</i>, and <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>. Associated dwarf woody species include <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i> and <i>Ilex glabra</i>. Associated herbaceous species include <i>Agalinis purpurea, Agrostis perennans, Andropogon glomeratus, Oclemena nemoralis, Symphyotrichum novi-belgii, Bartonia paniculata, Calamagrostis pickeringii, Calopogon tuberosus, Carex exilis, Carex livida, Cladium mariscoides, Danthonia epilis, Drosera intermedia, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Eriocaulon decangulare, Eriophorum virginicum, Juncus canadensis, Juncus pelocarpus, Lachnanthes caroliana, Lobelia canbyi, Lobelia nuttallii, Nymphaea odorata, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. ensifolium, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Polygala cruciata, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, Rhynchospora gracilenta, Rhynchospora oligantha, Sabatia difformis, Schizachyrium scoparium, Scleria reticularis, Triantha racemosa, Utricularia cornuta, Utricularia juncea</i>, and <i>Utricularia subulata</i>.
Comm #1684	Carex trichocarpa Rivershore Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35090-{71813C93-A596-4BC0-B577-CA30CDED3DE1}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This association occurs in small patches on floodplain edges, deposition bars, and islands where tree canopy is lacking, on medium- to large-sized rivers in the mid-Atlantic region and on third- or fourth-order streams above 800 m elevation in the Central Appalachians. This community is routinely flooded during most high-water events and commonly occurs on low flats associated with the active floodplain, either directly adjacent to the channel or in association with backwater depressions and sloughs. Ice-scour during high winter flows contributes to the open physiognomy of this community. <i>Carex trichocarpa</i> is the dominant species in this association. Shrubs may be present but at less than 25% cover, including <i>Rosa multiflora, Cornus amomum</i>, and <i>Rubus allegheniensis</i>. This type is susceptible to invasion by <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>. Other common herbaceous species include <i>Solidago gigantea, Boehmeria cylindrica, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Urtica dioica, Polygonum</i> spp., <i>Scirpus cyperinus, Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia, Verbena hastata var. hastata, Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata, Asclepias syriaca, Arisaema triphyllum, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Lilium superbum</i>. Vines may be present at low cover, including <i>Polygonum convolvulus</i> and <i>Clematis virginiana</i>.
Comm #1685	Acer saccharum - Fraxinus americana / Carpinus caroliniana / Podophyllum peltatum Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35100-{0F11F376-4A88-4302-AF52-28F4184E9281}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	These rich floodplain forests are found on slightly elevated alluvial terraces and active floodplains of larger rivers in the mid-Atlantic states, interior to the Coastal Plain. The setting is a raised river terrace; however, this forest may occur very close to the riverbank if the water channel is well-entrenched. The alluvial soils are slightly acidic to alkaline and less regularly inundated than the soils supporting floodplain forests dominated by silver maple or sycamore. Stands on lower terraces may flood occasionally, but the period of inundation is short. The canopy is closed to somewhat open, and a subcanopy is often present. Shrubs are typically sparse but may range up to about 30% cover. The herb layer is well-developed, fairly diverse, and seasonally variable, with spring ephemerals giving way to taller ferns, graminoids and forbs. Bryoids are very minor. The canopy dominants are usually some combination of <i>Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana</i>, and sometimes <i>Carya cordiformis</i>. Canopy associates include <i>Quercus rubra, Juglans nigra, Prunus serotina, Fraxinus nigra, Liriodendron tulipifera, Ulmus americana, Tilia americana</i>, and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> is often present as a small tree, along with <i>Acer saccharum</i>. <i>Lindera benzoin</i> is the most common shrub; <i>Asimina triloba</i> is characteristic in the southern portion of this type's range. Vines such as <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i> are frequent but usually at low cover. The herb layer usually features spring ephemerals, including <i>Claytonia virginica, Dicentra canadensis</i>, and <i>Erythronium americanum</i>, followed by a mixture of ferns, forbs and graminoids. Characteristic species include <i>Arisaema triphyllum, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Carex laxiculmis, Deparia acrostichoides, Elymus virginicus, Elymus riparius, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Podophyllum peltatum</i>. Exotic species, such as <i>Microstegium vimineum, Glechoma hederacea</i>, and <i>Alliaria petiolata</i>, may be abundant, especially in disturbed areas. These terrace forests are related to lower floodplain forests, e.g. <i>~Platanus occidentalis - Acer negundo - Juglans nigra / Asimina triloba / Mertensia virginica</i> Floodplain Forest (CEGL004073)$$, but distinguished by the reduced importance of <i>Acer saccharinum</i> and <i>Platanus occidentalis</i>; they differ from enriched upland hardwood forests, e.g., <i>~Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Asimina triloba / Jeffersonia diphylla - Caulophyllum thalictroides</i> Forest (CEGL008412)$$, in their alluvial soils and flooding regime.
Comm #1686	Acer (rubrum, saccharinum) - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus americana / Boehmeria cylindrica Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35176-{0C52381B-6C20-44E3-95DE-2760660C1EDE}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This swamp forest ranges from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, south to West Virginia and Kentucky, primarily in the Lower New England / Northern Piedmont, Piedmont, and Central Appalachian ecoregions. It occupies poorly drained backswamps, sloughs, abandoned oxbows, and depressions of large-stream and river floodplains. Soils are flooded at least early in the growing season, and water may be ponded in shallow hollows for most of the year. The overstory is dominated by variable combinations of <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Acer saccharinum</i>, with <i>Ulmus americana</i> as a common overstory and understory associate. In Virginia and Maryland, <i>Acer saccharinum</i> is most characteristic of large-river (e.g., the James and Potomac) floodplains, where <i>Acer rubrum</i> is nearly absent. On the smaller order streams that support this type, <i>Acer saccharinum</i> is usually absent. In central Kentucky, <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> may also be a canopy component. The shrub layer is typically very sparse or absent, but <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> may be a component of this stratum. Vines, especially <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i>, and <i>Vitis</i> spp., are common. The herb layer is usually moderately dense or dense except in deeper hollows. <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Impatiens capensis, Cinna arundinacea, Geum canadense, Glyceria striata, Leersia virginica, Polygonum arifolium, Polygonum punctatum, Pilea pumila, Lobelia cardinalis, Saururus cernuus, Commelina virginica, Carex stipata, Carex grayi, Carex tribuloides, Carex crinita</i>, and <i>Carex lupulina</i> are characteristic species. In the northern part of the range, examples may contain patches of <i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i>.
Comm #1687	Carex canescens - Eriophorum virginicum / Sphagnum spp. Fen » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35177-{E5BEC885-2D5B-48F9-AEE4-A27261662D81}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This mixed-sedge peatland type is known from higher elevations in the Central Appalachians and scattered northward in New England. It is a weakly acidic fen type that occurs on temporarily flooded, semipermanently flooded, and saturated peat. It forms part of successional beaver-influenced wetland mosaics and often contains dead snags or moss-covered downed wood. Hummock-and-hollow microtopography is well-developed. The vegetation is dominated by low to medium-height sedges over a well-developed mat of <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. or <i>Polytrichum</i> spp. Dominant sedges include <i>Carex canescens</i> and <i>Eriophorum virginicum</i>. Associates include <i>Carex utriculata, Carex atlantica, Juncus effusus, Juncus canadensis, Juncus brevicaudatus, Rubus hispidus, Scirpus cyperinus, Glyceria canadensis, Triadenum virginicum, Lysimachia terrestris, Thelypteris palustris</i>, and <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>.
Comm #1688	Quercus virginiana - (Pinus taeda) / (Sabal minor, Serenoa repens) Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35356-{360D726D-4C08-4841-9089-3D14F43B23A8}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This association represents floodplain forests dominated by <i>Quercus virginiana</i> that have a component of either <i>Serenoa repens</i> or <i>Sabal minor</i>; <i>Pinus taeda</i> may be present or absent. This type is potentially broad-ranging and could occur along the Outer Coastal Plain from South Carolina to eastern Texas. As currently understood, it is known from Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Georgia; its status in South Carolina and Texas remains unclear. It includes floodplain forests occurring on older and more recent river levees, dominated by <i>Quercus virginiana</i>. <i>Pinus taeda</i> is codominant in the overstory of some examples and present in most. Conspicuous components of the shrub layer include <i>Sabal minor</i> and <i>Serenoa repens</i> (within its range). Additional information is needed to fully describe the range of variability present in this association and to document its full geographic extent.
Comm #1689	Pinus echinata / Vaccinium (pallidum, stamineum) - Kalmia latifolia Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35393-{A94494DC-687B-4BB0-A00A-3AEAC6E0912B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	These forests occur in the lower elevations (below 730 m [2400 feet]) of the southern Appalachian Mountains on ridges and upper slopes, typically with southern to western exposures. This association includes forest vegetation with greater than 75% of the canopy cover of <i>Pinus echinata</i>, occurring over a shrub stratum dominated by ericaceous species, typically <i>Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>. Deciduous species make-up less than 25% of the canopy coverage and may include <i>Quercus falcata, Quercus coccinea</i>, or, in the southern part of this association's range, <i>Quercus stellata</i> and <i>Quercus marilandica</i>. This community often has a midstory tree stratum with <i>Oxydendrum arboreum, Carya pallida, Cornus florida</i>, or <i>Diospyros virginiana</i>. Other characteristic species include <i>Smilax glauca, Silphium compositum, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Scleria oligantha, Piptochaetium avenaceum</i>, and <i>Tephrosia virginiana</i>.
Comm #1690	Fagus grandifolia - Acer floridanum / Asimina triloba / Toxicodendron radicans / Carex blanda Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35571-{4E329EA1-5C19-4F48-A51B-9C585B57062C}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	9	This association represents temporarily flooded levee forests in the Piedmont of North Carolina and perhaps elsewhere (e.g., Georgia, South Carolina) which are dominated by <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. Other species noted in a stand from New Hope Creek, North Carolina, include <i>Acer floridanum, Asimina triloba, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Carex blanda</i>.