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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #161
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Quercus montana - Carya ovata - Quercus rubra / Acer saccharum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35527-{F59E3084-EB8F-41B2-B459-7BA96907EE95}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
97
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These dry-mesic forests of the Ridge and Valley and adjacent sedimentary ecoregions (Cumberlands, Interior Low Plateau) occur on ridges, gorge slopes, spurs, and knobs. Elevations range from 250 to 1000 m (800-3250 feet). Soils are very well-drained, acidic to circumneutral, and derived from sandstone and shales. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus montana</i> with other oaks and hickories, typically with <i>Acer saccharum</i> as a canopy associate and/or subcanopy dominant. Some examples are strongly dominated by <i>Quercus montana</i>. Other examples with more diverse canopies include <i>Quercus rubra, Carya ovata, Carya glabra, Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana</i>, and <i>Quercus velutina</i>. The canopy is generally closed (greater than 75% cover). The subcanopy may be dominated by <i>Acer saccharum</i> in some examples. Other subcanopy species may include <i>Carya ovata, Carya glabra, Quercus rubra, Quercus muehlenbergii, Aesculus flava</i>, and <i>Juniperus virginiana</i>. The subcanopy is relatively sparse with cover less than 25%. The shrub and herbaceous layers are sparse with small stems of canopy and subcanopy species along with herbaceous species such as <i>Actaea racemosa, Ageratina altissima, Arisaema triphyllum, Asplenium platyneuron, Bromus pubescens, Carex albursina, Carex cumberlandensis, Carex laxiflora, Campanulastrum americanum, Chimaphila maculata, Dichanthelium boscii, Dioscorea quaternata, Eurybia divaricata, Galium circaezans, Galium triflorum, Geranium maculatum, Houstonia longifolia, Polystichum acrostichoides, Prosartes lanuginosa, Sanicula canadensis, Sedum ternatum, Solidago caesia, Vicia caroliniana, Viola</i> spp., and <i>Zizia trifoliata</i>. |
Comm #162
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Cercocarpus montanus Shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30652.CERCOCARPUSMONT
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NVC 2004 |
95
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Comm #163
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Pinus taeda / Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum / Vaccinium stamineum Ruderal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34662-{73C0C08E-8538-4313-B8EE-D3BD6E608DA1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
95
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This wide-ranging association is most common from the Piedmont of Virginia, through North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, likely extending throughout the adjacent Coastal Plain. A large amount of variability exists in species composition and density due to geographic and disturbance factors. It represents stands in which <i>Pinus taeda</i> is the monospecific dominant tree in the overstory. Stands typically have more-or-less closed canopies, understories dominated by fire-intolerant hardwoods, and shrub-dominated lower strata. These are generally early- to mid-successional forests where the pines have reached tree size (as opposed to saplings) and have been established for a long enough period to have developed a closed canopy. Below the canopy of <i>Pinus taeda</i>, a well-developed subcanopy of hardwoods is present. <i>Acer rubrum var. rubrum</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> are often the dominant species in the subcanopy. If significant numbers of these species enter the canopy, the stand would instead be classified as ~<i>Pinus taeda - Liquidambar styraciflua</i> Ruderal Forest (CEGL008462)$$. Although this forest may result from a planted stand [see ~<i>Pinus taeda</i> Forest Plantation (CST007179)$$], it is distinguished from young pine plantations by tree height and the formation of distinct stratal layers, especially a well-developed subcanopy. This type may also develop following site preparation, with or without site conversion, and following agriculture. |
Comm #164
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Taxodium distichum - Nyssa aquatica - Nyssa biflora / Fraxinus caroliniana / Itea virginica Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35664-{E7606F00-B9A3-4425-BAEE-997FC2CA9CEF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
95
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This is one of several small blackwater stream swamp forests of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, characteristically associated with ambiguously blackwater rivers. This type covers very wet forests that are flooded by river overbank flow for long periods and are dominated by combinations of <i>Nyssa aquatica, Nyssa biflora, Taxodium distichum</i>, and <i>Taxodium ascendens</i>. This type covers examples along Coastal Plain streams in regions of fine-textured soils and examples in somewhat isolated basins of brownwater floodplains, where <i>Nyssa aquatica</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i> are both important components of the canopy. This forest is common along small rivers that arise in the Atlantic Coastal Plain (blackwater rivers) from Virginia to northern Florida. Dominant species, which account for at least 75% of the canopy cover, are <i>Taxodium distichum, Nyssa aquatica</i>, and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. Other bottomland species often found in this community include <i>Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>. The shrub layer generally is open, and <i>Itea virginica</i> is common. The herbaceous layer is very sparse and limited to higher areas and tree bases. The dominant species in this stratum is <i>Phanopyrum gymnocarpon</i>; other typical species include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Saururus cernuus, Justicia ovata, Carex lupulina, Hydrocotyle verticillata, Mikania scandens, Spiranthes cernua, Asclepias perennis, Commelina virginica, Leersia lenticularis</i>, and others. Some stands may have a distinctive understory of <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i>. Soils are semipermanently flooded, and probability of annual flooding is 100%. More work needs to be done to understand the geographic variation in the type. |
Comm #165
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Pinus strobus - Quercus alba - (Carya tomentosa) / Gaylussacia ursina Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35720-{AA406E74-5B7F-4158-8083-4D0A55832C03}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
95
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This association covers mesic pine-oak-hickory in the Cumberlands and Southern Ridge and Valley, Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment and in the Piedmont transition, found below 885 m (2900 feet) elevation, on protected ridges, mid- to upper slopes, and in disturbed bottoms. Canopies are dominated by variable mixtures of <i>Pinus strobus, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Carya tomentosa</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Other canopy species may include <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Tsuga canadensis, Quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Quercus montana</i>, and <i>Magnolia fraseri</i>. Subcanopy and saplings include canopy species and <i>Cornus florida, Halesia tetraptera, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i>. Shrub layers are moderate to dense, with <i>Gaylussacia ursina</i> and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> most commonly dominating. Other shrubs include <i>Rhododendron minus, Rhododendron maximum, Symplocos tinctoria, Arundinaria gigantea, Castanea dentata, Sassafras albidum, Amelanchier arborea, Pyrularia pubera</i>, and <i>Hydrangea radiata</i>. The herb stratum is sparse, although ferns (<i>Thelypteris noveboracensis, Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i> and <i>Polystichum acrostichoides</i>) may occasionally dominate. Common herbs include <i>Chimaphila maculata, Viola hastata, Goodyera pubescens, Maianthemum racemosum, Polygonatum biflorum, Monotropa uniflora, Trillium catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eutrochium purpureum, Galium circaezans, Galium latifolium, Galax urceolata, Hexastylis shuttleworthii, Medeola virginiana, Mitchella repens</i>, and <i>Houstonia purpurea</i>. |
Comm #166
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Acacia constricta Shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.29789.ACACIACONSTRICT
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NVC 2004 |
94
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Comm #167
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MATTED SALTBUSH DWARF-SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.cc.30137.MATTEDSALTBUSHD
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NVC 2004 |
94
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Comm #168
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Salvia mellifera Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.37481.CEGL003727
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94
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This shrubland association occurs on moderate to very steep southeast- and southwest-facing slopes at low elevations between 20 and 1050 m (65-3444 feet). It occurs in the interior of the Coast and Transverse ranges of central and southern California. In Riverside County, it apparently occurs in drier and more inland southern coastal areas with aspect tending to face more northeast than in the Santa Monica Mountains. Slopes are moderate to very steep; soils are clay or clay loam to sand or sandy loam. Stands are characterized by a strong dominance of <i>Salvia mellifera</i> in the shrub layer. A variety of other coastal sage and chaparral species frequently intermix in the shrub layer as subdominants. Some of these species include <i>Artemisia californica, Ceanothus crassifolius, Adenostoma fasciculatum, Keckiella antirrhinoides</i>, and <i>Encelia farinosa</i>. The understory herbaceous layer consists of native species, such as <i>Leymus condensatus</i> and <i>Nassella lepida</i>, and non-native species, such as <i>Bromus madritensis</i> and <i>Centaurea melitensis</i>. |
Comm #169
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Populus fremontii Seasonally Flooded Woodland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30790.POPULUSFREMONTI
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NVC 2004 |
94
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Comm #170
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Pinus resinosa - Pinus strobus / Corylus cornuta Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31387-{13C029D3-DA44-4A5D-861B-8C9A76C08EBF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
94
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This red pine - white pine dry-mesic forest is found in the subboreal parts of the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Stands are found on a variety of slope positions on deep (>60 cm), dry-mesic to mesic, rapidly drained soils, with fine sandy to loamy soil textures. The tree canopy is evergreen to mixed evergreen-deciduous. <i>Pinus resinosa</i> and <i>Pinus strobus</i> may form a supercanopy over a mixture of other species, including <i>Betula papyrifera, Populus tremuloides, Picea glauca</i>, and <i>Abies balsamea</i>. Less frequent are <i>Pinus resinosa, Populus grandidentata</i>, and <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>. Tall shrubs and saplings include <i>Abies balsamea, Acer spicatum, Amelanchier</i> spp. and <i>Corylus cornuta</i>. Short shrubs include <i>Diervilla lonicera, Linnaea borealis, Lonicera canadensis</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>. <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i> may be present in the eastern part of the range. Herbs include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Clintonia borealis, Cornus canadensis, Maianthemum canadense, Oryzopsis asperifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, Streptopus lanceolatus var. longipes</i>, and <i>Trientalis borealis</i>. Typical mosses include <i>Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum polysetum</i> and <i>Dicranum flagellare</i>. |
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