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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #1801
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Acer grandidentatum / Quercus gambelii Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29468-{D9C316B1-115A-472F-99A5-87A573DF5AF9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This forest association has been reported from mountains and plateaus of Utah. Elevations range from 1220-2620 m. Sites include moderate to steep, middle and lower slopes with cool northern or eastern aspects, intermittently flooded canyon bottoms, alluvial benches, and shaded colluvial slopes. <i>Acer grandidentatum</i> and <i>Quercus gambelii</i> codominate the tree canopy. The understory is variable and may be dominated by tall or short shrubs. Species include <i>Prunus virginiana, Rosa woodsii, Symphoricarpos oreophilus, Physocarpus malvaceus, Mahonia repens</i>, and seedling trees. The herbaceous layer is generally sparse because of heavy shading. Stands transition to <i>Quercus gambelii</i> woodland in the drier uplands. |
Comm #1802
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Populus tremuloides / Cornus sericea Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29491-{BA9D1D59-9E2B-497D-A956-292EA6120779}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This association occurs in scattered locations throughout the mountains of Colorado, Montana, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Alberta, and possibly California. This is a moist forest often located in narrow ravines where upland <i>Populus tremuloides</i> forests intermix with the riparian shrub vegetation and at the base of slopes. It occurs from 732-2500 m (2400-8200 feet) in elevation. It also typically occurs on alluvial terraces adjacent to streams and rivers, or near springs and seeps. Stands are located on moist soil, but are not restricted to riparian or wetland habitats. Water tables average 30 cm below the surface, but water depths in several stands were greater than 1 meter. Coarse-textured soils, moderate to steep gradients, and high coarse fragments provide for rapid movement of highly aerated groundwater. Soils range from very rocky and shallow sands to deeper sandy clay loams and silty clay loams. Stands have a deciduous tree canopy that is dominated by <i>Populus tremuloides</i> with and a shrub layer dominated by <i>Cornus sericea</i>, often with several other shrub species, such as <i>Alnus incana, Betula occidentalis, Lonicera involucrata</i>, and several <i>Salix</i> spp., including <i>Salix geyeriana, Salix boothii, Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra</i>, or <i>Salix lutea</i>. The herbaceous undergrowth is relatively sparse, but often diverse with <i>Equisetum arvense, Maianthemum stellatum, Heracleum maximum, Actaea rubra</i>, and <i>Galium triflorum</i>. <i>Cornus sericea</i> is at least as abundant as other shrubs in the stand, and is often the most abundant shrub present. The obligate riparian shrub species distinguish this association from upland <i>Populus tremuloides</i> communities. |
Comm #1803
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Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Carya glabra / Geranium maculatum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35507-{50F5DD0A-0D7C-426C-BB87-9ECAAAF10A4B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This forest occupies submesic to mesic southern Piedmont sites, often on mid to lower slopes with northerly to easterly aspects. Overstory dominance is often shared among <i>Quercus rubra, Quercus alba</i>, and <i>Carya</i> spp., with <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> frequently occupying canopy gaps. The understory contains <i>Cornus florida, Cercis canadensis, Acer rubrum, Calycanthus floridus</i>, and <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. Other herbaceous associates include <i>Sanguinaria canadensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Desmodium nudiflorum</i>, and <i>Actaea racemosa</i>. Somewhat drier and more acidic Piedmont stands and/or those with less <i>Quercus rubra</i> are generally accommodated by ~<i>Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya tomentosa / Vaccinium stamineum / Desmodium nudiflorum</i> Piedmont Forest (CEGL008475)$$. |
Comm #1804
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Pinus ponderosa / Juniperus scopulorum Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29770-{74A4368E-4762-468B-9C11-4660377E0B59}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This ponderosa pine community is found along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains from the southwestern United States to the Canadian border, and on escarpments into the adjacent Great Plains. Stands have been found on moderate slopes with a variety of aspects, although north- and east-facing are most common. The soils are clay loams, sandy loams, and silt loams. The vegetation contains a moderately open to closed canopy that is 10-20 m tall. <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> is the sole dominant species. <i>Juniperus scopulorum</i> forms a subcanopy 2-4 m tall. Other shrubs, such as <i>Cercocarpus montanus</i> and <i>Rhus trilobata var. trilobata</i>, are also common. The herbaceous layer is sparse to absent. The plants that do occupy this stratum are mostly graminoids typical of dry prairie, such as <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Bouteloua gracilis, Carex filifolia, Piptatheropsis micrantha, Poa pratensis</i>, and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. |
Comm #1805
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Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis / Pascopyrum smithii Shrub Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29956-{6D92BB6C-1E50-4A05-8261-EB293C7C2DED}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This Wyoming big sagebrush type is found throughout the northern Great Plains and adjacent basins, Black Hills, and Rocky Mountains of the United States. Stands occur on gently rolling uplands or upper parts of stream terraces and drainageways. Drier examples may be found on more exposed slope positions. Soils are moderately deep clay, clay loam, silt loam and loam. Soil moisture conditions are relatively mesic. Soil pH ranges from 5.8 to 7.8. The vegetation contains an open short-shrub layer, approximately 0.5 m tall, dominated by microphyllous-leaved shrubs, and a dense herbaceous layer dominated by medium-tall graminoids. Shrub cover averages between 15 and 30% but may range as high as 55%. <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis</i> dominates the shrub layer. Other shrubs may be present, including <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus, Ericameria nauseosa, Amelanchier utahensis</i>, or <i>Purshia tridentata</i>. The dense herbaceous layer has a canopy cover of 10% in dry, heavily grazed stands to more than 75% in protected, mesic stands. <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> is the leading dominant. Important associates include <i>Koeleria macrantha, Poa secunda</i>, and <i>Nassella viridula</i>. In drier or more heavily grazed phases, <i>Bouteloua gracilis, Hesperostipa comata</i>, and <i>Carex filifolia</i> may be more common, along with the succulent <i>Opuntia polyacantha</i>. Forbs contribute low cover, often less than 10%, and are typically of low constancy. More constant species (>50%) include <i>Artemisia frigida, Sphaeralcea coccinea</i>, and <i>Vicia americana</i>. Grassy leaf litter covers over 75% of the ground; stones and bare soil comprise the remainder. Nonvascular plants are rare. |
Comm #1806
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Prunus virginiana - (Prunus americana) Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30017-{0F90CFDA-51DC-4137-8FF4-7D991CC67020}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This widespread small-patch shrubland is known from the Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington and eastern Oregon, throughout much of the Rocky Mountain and interior western U.S. It occurs in the foothills and lower slopes of mountain ranges, along higher creeks and upper alluvial terraces of perennial streams, and in draws and ravines of high plateaus. The elevational range is 680 to 2652 m (2234-8700 feet). This association grows at the interface between larger riparian areas and the adjacent upland and occurs as small dense thickets, narrow bands, or irregular patches. It often occupies draws, ephemeral creeks in steep narrow-bottomed canyons, and shallow ravines. It can occur on slopes below seeps and springs and on high slopes where snow collects. Shrub cover ranges from 100% to more open stands of 30%. Shrub cover is generally greater in drainage bottoms and on lowermost slopes, and less on upper slopes. <i>Prunus virginiana</i> is usually the dominant shrub species, however <i>Prunus americana</i> may be solely present. Stands can be dominated by one species but are often a mix of three to six other shrub species, which can be as abundant and even greater cover than <i>Prunus virginiana</i>. Other shrubs, in addition to <i>Prunus americana</i>, include <i>Rhus trilobata, Ribes aureum, Ribes cereum, Ribes lacustre, Ribes inerme, Salix exigua, Sambucus</i> spp., <i>Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Amorpha canescens, Ericameria nauseosa, Symphoricarpos oreophilus, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Juniperus scopulorum, Rosa woodsii</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron rydbergii</i>. In drainage bottoms, herbaceous cover is usually sparse, less than 10%. On slopes, the shrubs typically occur in some grassland type, and graminoid cover can be greater than 75%. Herbaceous species may include <i>Achnatherum lettermanii, Achnatherum nelsonii, Carex vallicola, Erigeron flagellaris, Leymus cinereus, Geranium caespitosum var. caespitosum, Heracleum maximum, Juncus arcticus, Maianthemum stellatum, Muhlenbergia montana</i>, and <i>Potentilla hippiana</i>. Exotic and/or invasive species <i>Bromus inermis, Cirsium arvense, Poa pratensis</i>, and <i>Bromus tectorum</i> are common on disturbed sites. |
Comm #1807
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Quercus gambelii / Amelanchier utahensis Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30019-{074B6AD1-580D-4A65-A254-AC77ACEDA285}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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The vegetation of this association is characterized by a sparse to dense (10-100% canopy coverage) tall-shrub layer (2-5 m tall) codominated by <i>Quercus gambelii</i> and <i>Amelanchier utahensis</i>. Common shrub associates include <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> and <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i>. <i>Cercocarpus montanus</i> is absent or poorly represented (<5% cover). Other shrubs and dwarf-shrubs present with low cover may include <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Ephedra viridis, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Mahonia repens, Opuntia</i> spp., <i>Purshia tridentata</i>, and <i>Prunus virginiana</i>. Graminoids, such as <i>Pascopyrum smithii, Achnatherum hymenoides, Carex geyeri, Hesperostipa comata</i>, or <i>Poa fendleriana</i>, dominate the sparse herbaceous layer (<10% total cover). Common forbs include <i>Achillea millefolium, Artemisia ludoviciana, Allium acuminatum, Comandra umbellata, Erigeron speciosus, Lathyrus lanszwertii, Balsamorhiza sagittata, Packera multilobata, Phlox austromontana, Thalictrum fendleri</i>, and <i>Vicia americana</i>. Occasionally, scattered individual trees are present in the overstory, including <i>Pinus edulis, Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, or <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i>. Stands occur in canyons, or on mesas, benches, plateaus, ridges, foothills scarps and mountains in in southern Utah and western Colorado. Elevation ranges from 1173 to 2700 m (3850-8860 feet). Slopes are gentle to steep (1-100%) and may be oriented to any aspect. Soil are generally deep, well-developed and are derived from a variety of sources, including sandstones, shales and metamorphic rocks. |
Comm #1808
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Salix geyeriana / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30115-{E97BCA41-3537-44CC-BEB0-4409C36C64F9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This plant association occurs on broad valley bottoms in Idaho, Utah, and Colorado. Stands may also occur in Wyoming and Montana. Elevations range from 2100-3200 m (6800-10,500 feet). The floodplains tend to be broad and usually are flooded in early spring and summer, with saturated soils throughout the growing season. This vegetation is characterized by a tall-shrub canopy dominated by <i>Salix geyeriana</i> (10-80% cover). Other shrubs that may be present include <i>Salix brachycarpa, Salix boothii, Betula glandulosa, Salix monticola</i>, and <i>Salix planifolia</i>. The canopy may contain corridor-like openings between the individual willows when <i>Salix geyeriana</i> is the single overstory dominant, or may be nearly closed when the shrub canopy is a mix of several species. In more open stands, a thick carpet of mesic grasses and forbs blanket the undergrowth. Graminoid cover is greater than forb cover and is dominated by <i>Carex aquatilis</i>. Other graminoids that may be present include <i>Carex utriculata, Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, and <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. |
Comm #1809
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Calamovilfa longifolia - Carex inops ssp. heliophila Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30380-{DDAB584F-10D2-4AAE-AB69-DAE685B71EE6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This prairie sandreed grassland is found in the northwestern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. Stands typically occur on gentle slopes but can also be found on flat land or moderate to steep slopes. Soils are thin sands, sandy loams, and loamy sands, in places derived from sandstone. Moisture levels may be high deeper in the soil profile. Most stands of this community are not very large. The vegetation is dominated by graminoids, with two strata, one of mid to tall grasses, the other of dense short sedges. Shrubs are uncommon. In the taller grass layer, the most abundant species is <i>Calamovilfa longifolia</i>. Other species found in this layer include <i>Koeleria macrantha, Schizachyrium scoparium</i>, and <i>Hesperostipa comata</i>. <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> may be present on some stands with finer soil textures. The short graminoid layer is composed chiefly of <i>Carex filifolia</i> and <i>Carex inops ssp. heliophila</i>, which may have high cover values. Other upland Carices, such as <i>Carex duriuscula</i>, as well as <i>Bouteloua gracilis</i> and <i>Muhlenbergia pungens</i>, may also be present. Forb species diversity is moderate but they do not contribute greatly to the cover. The forbs that are typical of this community include <i>Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia frigida, Artemisia ludoviciana, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium leptophyllum, Lathyrus</i> spp., <i>Liatris punctata, Lygodesmia juncea, Phlox hoodii</i>, and <i>Psoralidium lanceolatum</i>. |
Comm #1810
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Picea engelmannii / Cornus sericea Swamp Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31585-{61223F2A-507B-4A8A-A80B-53711F2958BA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
8
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This woodland is found on cool, moist sites in the mountains of the central and northern Rockies west into Oregon and Washington, at elevations ranging from 820 to 2300 m. This community is restricted to flat or gently sloping alluvial terraces or benches and, less frequently, moist toeslopes or margins of fens or marshes. Stands may be temporarily flooded in the spring, and due to its location in riparian zones, the water table is usually within 1 m of the surface. Water flow and aeration in the rooting zone is usually good. Substrates are typically poorly drained, alluvial soils. Soil texture is variable ranging from coarse-loamy to clayey depending on alluvium, and sometimes organic. The overstory canopy is dominated by <i>Picea engelmannii</i> or <i>Picea x albertiana</i>. Other conifers or <i>Populus</i> spp. are often present. Shrub cover is typically high, with <i>Cornus sericea</i> usually the dominant shrub, although other species <i>Alnus incana</i> or <i>Ribes lacustre</i> are often present. Forb species richness is high but cover is low. |
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