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Comm #1931
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Pinus rigida - Quercus alba / Sporobolus heterolepis - Andropogon gerardii Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32628-{79A4B752-60BC-4BCF-B6DD-7F4359A94641}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This community occurs on shallow, rocky soils associated with outcrops of serpentinized olivine in the Southern Blue Ridge. It is a unique community with a restricted range and few known occurrences. This community includes open woodland vegetation dominated by stunted <i>Pinus rigida</i> and <i>Quercus alba</i>, occurring over a cespitose graminoid-dominated understory with little shrub cover. Although the relative basal area for the two canopy species is the same, <i>Pinus rigida</i> is twice as dense as <i>Quercus alba</i>. Other canopy and subcanopy trees may include <i>Tsuga canadensis, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i>. The dense herbaceous stratum is dominated by <i>Andropogon gerardii, Sporobolus heterolepis</i>, and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. Common forbs include <i>Packera plattensis, Hexastylis arifolia var. ruthii</i>, and <i>Thalictrum macrostylum</i>. |
Comm #1932
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PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII FOREST ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.13653.PSEUDOTSUGAMENZ
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
7
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Comm #1933
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Acer rubrum / Ilex mucronata - Vaccinium corymbosum Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34867-{7689D73B-469B-4A50-909D-672AEF9BAD69}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This forested red maple swamp of stream drainages and wetland borders occurs in northern to central New England and New York, extending sporadically south to New Jersey. The hydrologic regime is variable among occurrences, generally influenced by seasonal flooding and often limited groundwater seepage. This association may occur in basins with little drainage, or on stream floodplains that remain saturated throughout most of the growing season. Soils vary according to setting; generally the substrate is mineral soil, acidic to weakly minerotrophic, but in some settings organic soil may be well-developed. The deciduous canopy ranges from closed to patchy, but the overall cover is that of a closed-canopy forest. The shrub layer, particularly in openings, is generally well-developed. The herb layer is usually fairly well-developed and may be extensive. The canopy is characteristically dominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i> with associates of <i>Fraxinus nigra, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Betula alleghaniensis</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. <i>Tsuga canadensis, Picea rubens</i>, and <i>Abies balsamea</i>, while not abundant, characterize this association as one of cooler climates. (The <i>Picea</i> and <i>Abies</i> drop out in the southernmost occurrences of this type.) Typical shrubs include <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> (often dominant), <i>Ilex verticillata, Ilex mucronata, Lindera benzoin, Rosa palustris, Alnus incana, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i>, and <i>Viburnum recognitum</i>. There is north-to-south variability in the shrub component as well, with <i>Ilex mucronata</i> characteristic of all but the southernmost occurrences, and <i>Lindera</i> absent from more northerly occurrences. The herbaceous layer is often dominated by ferns, including <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis</i>, and <i>Osmunda claytoniana</i>. <i>Onoclea sensibilis, Dryopteris cristata</i>, and <i>Thelypteris palustris</i> are often present, though less abundant. <i>Carex stricta</i> may be locally dominant. Other species frequent in the herbaceous layer include <i>Impatiens capensis, Caltha palustris, Calamagrostis canadensis, Carex intumescens, Carex trisperma</i>, and <i>Arisaema triphyllum</i>. The bryophyte flora is not well documented; <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. and <i>Mnium</i> spp. are frequent, although not necessarily abundant. <i>~Acer rubrum - Fraxinus (pennsylvanica, americana) / Lindera benzoin / Symplocarpus foetidus</i> Swamp Forest (CEGL006406)$$ is distinguished by its greater abundance and extent of seepage indicators and its lacks lack of northern species such as <i>Picea rubens, Abies balsamea</i>, and <i>Ilex mucronata</i>. <i>~Acer rubrum / Carex stricta - Onoclea sensibilis</i> Wet Woodland (CEGL006119)$$ is also similar but has a more open canopy and typically a graminoid-dominated herbaceous layer. This association is also related to <i>~Acer rubrum - Prunus serotina / Cornus amomum</i> Floodplain Forest (CEGL006503)$$, which occurs along floodplains of major streams and minor rivers. While both can be dominated by red maple in the canopy, the understory vegetation differs somewhat, with species more typical of floodplains (<i>Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus amomum, Prunus serotina</i>) in that type, and species typical of more constantly saturated conditions in this type. |
Comm #1934
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(Pinus strobus, Quercus rubra) / Danthonia spicata Acidic Bedrock Scrub Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33866-{3E706352-F431-4CB9-BFA6-31CE9959D0F7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This acidic bedrock glade and woodland occurs in the Upper Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. These glades occupy upper portions above the granitic bedrock shorelines or on rocky openings. Shrubs and scattered trees dominate the woody canopy layers; the tree canopy may approach woodland physiognomy. Trees include <i>Betula papyrifera, Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Quercus rubra</i>. The shrub layer contains <i>Diervilla lonicera, Juniperus communis</i>, and, less frequently, <i>Physocarpus opulifolius</i>. The dwarf-shrub <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> may also be present. The herbaceous layer contains <i>Agrostis hyemalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Danthonia spicata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Chamerion angustifolium, Poa compressa, Sibbaldiopsis tridentata</i>, and <i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i>. Other common herbaceous species include <i>Maianthemum canadense, Melampyrum lineare, Oryzopsis asperifolia, Pteridium aquilinum</i>, and <i>Trientalis borealis</i>. Moss and lichen cover may be substantial. |
Comm #1935
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Upper Panhandle Wet Flatwoods
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accession code: urn:lsid:cvs.bio.unc.edu:commConcept:28583-{E6EBE93E-0E60-4456-9919-B0B1AAEB70AD}
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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S. Carr PhD |
7
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Comm #1936
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Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa - (Populus tremuloides) / Heracleum maximum Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29451-{2E3D7043-47EF-4E13-9A69-ADC3E6AD2BEC}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This association has been described from the foothills of the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in northwestern Montana. It is found on the bottoms of narrow mountain valleys, intra- and inter-morainal depressions, areas possibly underlain by clay lenses, and fringing kettle lakes, from 1372-1678 m (4500-5500 feet) elevation. These sites have gentle slopes and occur on all aspects. Sites on southerly aspects are typically moist mountain slopes where soil moisture is probably augmented by subsurface flow. Soils are derived from alluvium (some deposited by slopewash), colluvium, or eolian materials derived from sedimentary rock types and layered over morainal drift. Soils are seasonally saturated and have relatively high organic matter. This forest association is dominated by the broad-leaved deciduous tree <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i>, with <i>Populus tremuloides</i> usually present. Where both species are present, <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i> has at least 1-5% cover, and is the indicator species for this association. Occasional individuals of <i>Picea engelmannii</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> occur, but seedlings of these species are rare. The understory is characterized by a low-shrub layer composed of patches of <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i>. <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> and <i>Mahonia repens</i> occur in most stands, but are typically not abundant. The herbaceous layer is diverse, well-developed and composed of species indicative of mesic conditions. Important perennial forbs include <i>Osmorhiza occidentalis, Heracleum maximum, Actaea rubra, Galium triflorum, Viola canadensis</i>, and <i>Angelica arguta</i>. Other forbs of high constancy are <i>Thalictrum occidentale, Fragaria virginiana, Maianthemum stellatum, Geranium viscosissimum, Geranium richardsonii</i>, and <i>Packera pseudaurea</i>. On sites that are transitional to those with permanently saturated soils, <i>Equisetum arvense, Streptopus amplexifolius</i>, and <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> become more important. |
Comm #1937
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Pseudotsuga menziesii / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29333-{384FBAE6-5A07-4DF0-92AA-C377C9E966AD}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This minor forest association occupies mid to upper montane elevation in the northern and southern Rocky Mountains occurring in Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, and Alberta, Canada. Elevation ranges from 1400-1785 m (4600-5855 feet) in the north to 2440-3020 m (8000-9900 feet) in the southern range. Sites are warm and dry, often occurring on southerly aspects or ridgetops. Substrates are typically rocky, coarse-textured soils derived from a variety of parent materials, including calcareous and noncalcareous rock. <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> is the dominant tree species in the overstory and often in the understory as well. <i>Pinus ponderosa, Pinus flexilis, Juniperus scopulorum</i>, or <i>Pinus strobiformis</i> (in New Mexico) may be present to codominant. The low-shrub layer is dominated by large patches of <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> and <i>Juniperus communis</i>. Other shrubs may include scattered <i>Spiraea betulifolia, Shepherdia canadensis</i>, or <i>Symphoricarpos</i> spp. The herbaceous cover is generally low and dominated by graminoids. Forb species typically provide low cover but may be diverse. |
Comm #1938
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Pseudotsuga menziesii / Quercus gambelii Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29361-{1AE4FFB2-B652-4DB0-ACE5-655FD2039F28}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This forest association occurs on mountains and plateaus from Colorado to Trans-Pecos Texas, west into New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. Elevation ranges from 1229 to 2870 m (4030-9400 feet). Stands are found along drainages, lower and middle slopes, steep upper slopes and gentle to rolling tops of mesas and ridges. Aspects are variable. This forest occurs as both a non-obligate riparian community on the outer margins of riparian areas in desert canyons and steep draws, and as an upland forest forming extensive stands on typically north-facing hillslopes (southern aspects at higher elevations). Soils vary but are often shallow and rocky, ranging from sand to clay, often derived from sandstone. The vegetation is characterized by a relatively sparse to dense evergreen tree canopy dominated by <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, sometimes with <i>Quercus gambelii</i> well-represented in the understory. Scattered large <i>Pinus ponderosa, Pinus strobiformis, Pinus flexilis, Pinus edulis</i>, or <i>Juniperus</i> spp. (especially on drier sites) may be present in the tree canopy or subcanopy. <i>Abies concolor</i> is typically not present. <i>Quercus gambelii</i> dominates both the subcanopy (tree form, if present) and the moderately dense tall-shrub layer that consists of dense clumps of oak. <i>Quercus gambelii</i> must have at least 5% cover, but there is frequently well over 25%. At higher elevations, <i>Quercus gambelii</i> are more treelike and <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i> will be present with significant cover in the short-shrub layer. At lower elevations, scattered <i>Pinus edulis, Juniperus osteosperma</i>, or <i>Juniperus deppeana</i> are often present. The presence of <i>Chrysothamnus depressus</i> in some stands reflects the presence of fairly well-developed soils. The herbaceous layer is generally sparse and composed of mostly graminoids with scattered forbs, but it can be moderately dense and diverse. Many other species are associated, such as <i>Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Holodiscus dumosus, Fendlera rupicola, Fraxinus anomala, Mahonia repens, Paxistima myrsinites, Quercus x pauciloba, Robinia neomexicana, Rosa woodsii, Carex</i> spp., <i>Festuca arizonica, Koeleria macrantha, Muhlenbergia straminea, Poa fendleriana, Lathyrus lanszwertii var. leucanthus, Thalictrum fendleri</i>, and <i>Vicia americana</i>. The shrub layer has equal or greater cover than graminoids. |
Comm #1939
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Tsuga heterophylla / Clintonia uniflora Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29402-{310678FF-427A-481E-8CE9-9588E10C6BDB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This association is known from northeastern Washington, northern Idaho and northeastern Montana. This is the most widespread type of the interior <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> forests and is considered one of the driest of the interior western hemlock communities. In the western part of its range, it typically occurs on uplands, generally the upper one-third of a slope. In northwestern Montana, at the easternmost extent of its range, it occurs on lower slopes, valley bottoms, and stream terraces. Elevations range from 550 to 1585 m (1800-5200 feet). Slopes range from gentle to steep (2-58%). Soils are silty clay loams, silt loams to sandy loams. Parent materials are generally quartzite, siltite, glacial till and outwash, sandstone and metasediments with an ash cap. Late-seral stages of this type are dense, shady stands dominated by <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> and <i>Thuja plicata</i>. However, only about 10% of all stands sampled are older than 200 years, so most stands have a complex, variable mixed canopy. Most stands have <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix occidentalis, Abies grandis, Pinus contorta</i>, and/or <i>Pinus monticola</i>, but not all of these species are present in all stands. Note that <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> and <i>Thuja plicata</i> are always present at least in the tree subcanopy, if not in the overstory canopy. Early-seral stages can be very similar to <i>Thuja plicata</i> types; however, these generally lack <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> and have a lower conifer diversity. The shrub and herbaceous layers are species-rich. Most stands have <i>Lonicera utahensis, Paxistima myrsinites, Rosa</i> spp., and <i>Linnaea borealis</i>. <i>Clintonia uniflora, Tiarella trifoliata, Viola orbiculata, Prosartes hookeri</i>, and <i>Goodyera oblongifolia</i> are typical forbs. <i>Clintonia uniflora</i> is the most abundant (5%) and most highly constant species in an otherwise highly variable herbaceous layer. Total biomass can be sparse with dense canopies. Other herbaceous species that can be abundant are <i>Arnica latifolia, Calamagrostis rubescens</i>, and <i>Coptis occidentalis</i>. |
Comm #1940
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Salicornia depressa - Distichlis spicata - Jaumea carnosa Tidal Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32348-{C4553E59-BB58-4141-BFB6-FEA81EE05A1A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This herbaceous association occurs on flat to gently sloped ground at low elevations between 0 and 6 m. <i>Distichlis spicata</i> and <i>Jaumea carnosa</i> are codominant and characteristically present in the herbaceous layer, and <i>Salicornia depressa</i> is usually present and subdominant to codominant. <i>Frankenia salina</i> is characteristically found in the shrub layer at low cover. This association is only known from the vicinity of the Point Reyes National Seashore and the Santa Monica Mountains region. Information about its global range is not available without additional inventory. |
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