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Name
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Reference
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Description |
Comm #1961
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Eleocharis rostellata - Spartina patens Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35232-{21F4BA71-22BE-4F08-9DF6-D6A9ADB7E0A3}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This association is an irregularly flooded oligohaline marsh ranging discontinuously along the coast from Massachusetts to Virginia. It occurs as a narrow band in the transition zone between high salt marsh and salt shrub vegetation. Groundwater seepage dilutes tidal floodwaters. It occurs on peat or muck of variable depth over sand. It is heavily dominated by <i>Eleocharis rostellata</i>, growing in association with <i>Spartina patens, Schoenoplectus pungens, Typha angustifolia, Distichlis spicata, Juncus gerardii, Cladium mariscoides, Eleocharis fallax, Lythrum lineare, Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus</i>, and <i>Galium tinctorium</i>, and <i>Centella erecta</i> and <i>Fimbristylis castanea</i> in the southern extent of the range. <i>Glaux maritima</i> occurs in this association on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. <i>Baccharis halimifolia</i> and <i>Iva frutescens</i> can occur sporadically. It is currently described from barrier islands along the Mid- and North Atlantic Coast. |
Comm #1962
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Pinus resinosa / Menziesia pilosa / Polypodium appalachianum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34756-{98945ADB-4E5B-4AE3-8C0B-504277C8B4A2}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This red pine forest association is known from high elevations in Pendleton and Hardy counties, West Virginia, on steep, north- to northwest-facing slopes near the summit, on sandy acidic soils over sandstone. This association is a mostly evergreen forest or woodland strongly dominated by <i>Pinus resinosa</i>. Canopies are stunted, rarely reaching 20 m tall, and range from even-aged and closed in younger stands to open and multi-aged in older stands. Canopy associates include <i>Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, Pinus rigida, Quercus rubra, Pinus strobus, Pinus pungens</i>, and <i>Pinus virginiana</i>. Additional species in the subcanopy include <i>Amelanchier arborea, Acer pensylvanicum, Betula papyrifera, Hamamelis virginiana, Sorbus americana</i>, and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. Shrubs include <i>Kalmia latifolia, Menziesia pilosa, Vaccinium angustifolium, Rhododendron prinophyllum, Rhododendron calendulaceum</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>. Regeneration of <i>Pinus resinosa</i> in the shrub layers varies from absent in even-aged closed-canopy stands to abundant in more open stands. The sparse herbaceous layers are characterized by <i>Polypodium appalachianum, Gaultheria procumbens, Solidago curtisii, Dryopteris marginalis, Calamagrostis porteri, Epigaea repens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Dryopteris intermedia, Carex pensylvanica, Maianthemum canadense, Oclemena acuminata</i>, and <i>Polygala paucifolia</i>. Mosses include species of <i>Leucobryum</i> and <i>Polytrichum</i>. Common lichens on rock include <i>Lasallia papulosa</i> and <i>Lasallia pensylvanica</i>. This association is not likely to be fire-dependent but is probably fire-adapted. Abundant regeneration of <i>Pinus resinosa</i> in this association has been documented in stands without recent fire. Regeneration occurs in gaps caused by insect pest outbreaks and by ice and wind storms. Cohorts have also established following human-ignited fires and abandonment of pastures. There is evidence of post-settlement fires in many stands of this association, but natural ignitions are rare in its range. |
Comm #1963
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Betula nigra - Platanus occidentalis / Impatiens capensis Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34831-{9F2C3742-C582-47F3-B29A-5ADDE2F3DA40}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This Mid-Atlantic floodplain forest of large and moderately large rivers occurs on sandy, gravelly, well-drained soils of levees, gravel bars, braided channels and other areas of frequent flooding. The tree canopy is well-developed and dominated by <i>Betula nigra</i> and <i>Platanus occidentalis</i>, with associates including <i>Acer negundo</i> and occasionally <i>Acer saccharinum</i> and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>. The shrub layer can include <i>Cornus amomum, Cornus sericea</i>, and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. The vine and herb layers are lush and diverse and may include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Elymus hystrix, Stellaria pubera, Impatiens capensis, Impatiens pallida, Laportea canadensis, Pilea pumila, Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Vitis rotundifolia</i> or <i>Vitis riparia, Chasmanthium latifolium, Podophyllum peltatum, Polygonum virginianum, Apocynum cannabinum</i>, and <i>Urtica</i> sp. Exotic species are typical and may include <i>Lysimachia</i> sp., <i>Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Lonicera morrowii, Polygonum cuspidatum, Phalaris arundinacea</i>, and <i>Alliaria petiolata</i>. |
Comm #1964
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Acer saccharum - Betula alleghaniensis - Fagus grandifolia / Viburnum lantanoides Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34899-{1FC8D213-0B40-4D05-9FFA-78D3F866268A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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Comm #1965
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Chamaecyparis thyoides / Gaylussacia dumosa / Andropogon glomeratus var. glomeratus Swamp Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34909-{03B7EEFB-25EA-4F69-BCF2-6ABFDDF34E85}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This woody herbaceous community occurs in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey on the low terrace floodplains of Outer Coastal Plain rivers and streams. It is often found in small patches or long, linear expanses, forming the ecotone between graminoid savanna and Atlantic white-cedar swamp or pitch pine - hardwood swamp. Microtopography is hummocky, with dwarf-shrubs and shrub forms of tree species on the tops of hummocks, and herbaceous and bryophyte species on the sides of hummocks and in the hollows. Although this community is apparently stable in undisturbed sites, it can be successional in historically disturbed sites where, with time, it may become Atlantic white-cedar swamp. The canopy is open (10-25%) and trees are widely scattered. Dominant species include <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides, Pinus rigida, Gaylussacia dumosa</i>, and <i>Andropogon glomeratus var. glomeratus</i>. Associated woody species include <i>Ilex glabra, Kalmia angustifolia, Morella pensylvanica, Clethra alnifolia</i>, and <i>Rubus hispidus</i>. Associated herbaceous species include <i>Calamovilfa brevipilis, Carex exilis, Carex striata, Cladium mariscoides, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. ensifolium, Rhynchospora alba</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora cephalantha</i>. Associated ferns and fern-like species include <i>Woodwardia virginica, Schizaea pusilla</i>, and <i>Lycopodiella alopecuroides</i>. The moss <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i> is a common bryophyte in this community. Associated bryophytes include <i>Sphagnum bartlettianum, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum flavicomans, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum portoricense, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum pylaesii</i>, and <i>Sphagnum</i> section <i>Sphagnum</i>. Associated animals include rough greensnake and southern bog lemming. |
Comm #1966
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Bacopa monnieri - Eleocharis albida Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34996-{E8708D02-9A78-43A0-8704-DA18A2CC2491}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This association comprises vegetation in broad, flat, seasonally flooded ponds within maritime dunes, and is known only from Virginia. It occurs in natural settings at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, but has also been observed at impoundments of Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Vegetation is often dominated by floating aquatic species, especially <i>Bacopa monnieri</i>. Common associates include <i>Eleocharis albida, Stuckenia pectinata, Pluchea odorata, Schoenoplectus pungens, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Hydrocotyle verticillata, Phyla lanceolata</i>, and <i>Cyperus odoratus</i>. Algae may occur in abundance. Species diversity is low. Standing water may be present during much of the year. Soils are generally a shallow organic layer over wet sand. These interdunal ponds generally occur only in large dune systems. |
Comm #1967
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Eastern Woodland Vernal Pool
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35094-{802DEAE8-F8AA-4D63-894D-2C431EB39A26}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This association is characterized by seasonally fluctuating water levels; it may dry out completely in the summer. Hydrology may be affected by impermeable soils, seasonally high water tables, seasonal flooding in nearby streams and drainages, and/or impervious bedrock at or near the surface. The substrate is mineral soil with or without a layer of muck. The species composition is variable among sites, as well as annually and seasonally. Larger examples of this community type may exhibit strong zonation. Many smaller, shaded vernal ponds are unvegetated, their bottoms consisting of dead leaves and algae. |
Comm #1968
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Taxodium distichum - Nyssa biflora - Fraxinus profunda / Peltandra virginica - (Bignonia capreolata) Tidal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35279-{80D0AF69-52CF-493A-9C22-874EDF5153A0}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This tidal forest borders mid to upper portions of the Pocomoke River in Maryland, and the Pamunkey, Chickahominy, and Piankatank rivers in Virginia. Habitats are predominately freshwater (<0.5 ppt) and subject to periodic inundation by diurnal or irregular lunar tides. Stands are typically positioned on low floodplains forming a corridor between fringing tidal marshes and upland habitats. These tidal forests are structurally diverse and best characterized by moderately dense (60-80% cover) to dense (80-100% cover) overstory canopies composed of <i>Taxodium distichum</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. <i>Taxodium distichum</i> is strongly diagnostic of this type, frequently attaining high cover and constancy. The canopy may also include, in variable proportions, species such as <i>Fraxinus profunda, Acer rubrum</i>, and occasional individuals of <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus taeda</i>, and <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i>. <i>Magnolia virginiana</i> and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> are frequent in the understory as trees or tall shrubs. Shrub and herb diversity is exceptionally high within this community and similar in composition and structure to <i>Fraxinus</i> spp.-dominated tidal wetland types. |
Comm #1969
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Betula nigra - Acer rubrum - (Liquidambar styraciflua) / Microstegium vimineum Ruderal Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35318-{08835215-523B-4919-A7E4-E64FF5C3F1CF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This ruderal floodplain forest ranges from central Virginia to New Jersey on the Coastal Plain and, in some areas, the eastern edge of the Piedmont. The sites occupied by this community are typically recovering from disturbances such as logging or undergoing natural succession from open wetland to forest. Habitats are temporarily flooded to somewhat seasonally flooded alluvial floodplains of small to large streams. Soils are relatively nutrient-poor, have high silt or clay content, and vary from well-drained to somewhat poorly drained. The vegetation is mostly closed-canopy forest dominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i>, solely or in combination with <i>Betula nigra</i>. On some sites, <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> and/or <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> are important in the overstory mixtures. Potential successor trees, such as <i>Ulmus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus phellos, Quercus palustris, Quercus michauxii, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, occur as minor overstory or understory associates. The shrub and herb layers are variable. On very disturbed sites, near-monocultures of the exotic grass <i>Microstegium vimineum</i> may dominate the herb layer. |
Comm #1970
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Quercus virginiana / Vaccinium arboreum - Ilex vomitoria Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35345-{04C1EF53-292E-4B31-A019-8703320E39D6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
7
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This association represents one of two inland (not immediately adjacent to the coastline) hammocks or oak domes with a dominant or significant canopy component of <i>Quercus virginiana</i>. It occurs from Alabama to Florida and north to Georgia and South Carolina. This type is the more xeric of the two and is characterized by a relatively pure overstory of <i>Quercus virginiana</i>. Somewhat more mesic stands with more diverse canopy components, such as <i>Quercus hemisphaerica</i> and <i>Quercus nigra</i>, are accommodated by ~<i>Quercus virginiana - Quercus (hemisphaerica, nigra) / Serenoa repens</i> Forest (CEGL004408)$$. Stands are dominated by <i>Quercus virginiana</i>, sometimes with <i>Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola</i> present in the canopy. <i>Ilex vomitoria</i> and <i>Vaccinium arboreum</i> are present in the shrub layer. Frequently small <i>Cladonia</i>-dominated openings are present. Other characteristic species include <i>Scleria triglomerata, Paronychia baldwinii, Cladonia evansii, Stipulicida setacea</i>, and <i>Hypericum hypericoides</i>. |
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