| Add/Drop |
Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #191
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Atriplex polycarpa Shrubland Alliance
» more details
accession code: VB.cc.30630.ATRIPLEXPOLYCAR
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NVC 2004 |
86
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Comm #192
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CAREX NIGRICANS ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.9739.CAREXNIGRICANSA
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
86
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Comm #193
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Betula alleghaniensis - (Tsuga canadensis) / Rhododendron maximum / (Leucothoe fontanesiana) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36046-{F27C7F42-01DC-41A1-84A6-8EC44AF39C45}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
86
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This association occurs in the Great Smoky Mountains and high mountain areas of southwestern Virginia, and at lower elevations in protected mountain settings in West Virginia. This community is found on steep, mostly north-facing slopes, and on slopes and flats along and above streams. These forests occur on midslope or toeslope positions, protected by higher landforms, where solar exposure is very low. The elevations of samples range from as low as 320 m in West Virginia (1040 feet) to around 1350 m (4400 feet), but the community can probably occur as high as 1524 m (5000 feet) or until <i>Picea rubens</i> begins to dominate. Sites are rocky, often with many large boulders and talus. Soils are stony with heavy litter layers and pockets of colluvium. This forest is affected by occasional disturbance by ice, wind and landslides. This mixed forest type has an open to closed canopy dominated by <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> and/or <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>, although either of these species may be locally dominant at a small scale. In some stands, <i>Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, Liriodendron tulipifera</i> (at lower elevations), <i>Tilia americana var. heterophylla, Picea rubens</i>, or <i>Quercus rubra</i> can be important in the canopy or occur as minor associates. Other minor canopy and subcanopy species may include <i>Fagus grandifolia, Prunus serotina</i>, and <i>Magnolia acuminata</i>. The tall-shrub stratum is over 2 m in height, very dense (50-100% coverage) and dominated by <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. Other minor shrubs commonly include <i>Acer pensylvanicum, Amelanchier laevis, Amelanchier arborea, Clethra acuminata, Hamamelis virginiana</i> (West Virginia), <i>Ilex montana</i>, and <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>. The ground layer is dominated by leaf litter, fallen trees and rocks. Herbaceous cover is sparse to moderate and is composed of scattered plants typical of mid- to high-elevation acidic forests. Composition can be quite variable among stands, but some of the more characteristic species include <i>Dryopteris intermedia, Oclemena acuminata, Polystichum acrostichoides</i> (West Virginia), <i>Viola blanda</i>, and <i>Viola rotundifolia</i>. The bryophyte layer can be well-developed and diverse. In the Great Smoky Mountains, this association grades into forests dominated by <i>Picea rubens</i> or <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> at higher elevations. |
Comm #194
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TETRADYMIA GLABRATA SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.cc.30314.TETRADYMIAGLABR
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NVC 2004 |
85
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Comm #195
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Pleuraphis jamesii Shrub Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30773.PLEURAPHISJAMES
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NVC 2004 |
85
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Comm #196
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PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII WOODLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.14140.PSEUDOTSUGAMENZ
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
85
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Comm #197
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Parkinsonia florida - Olneya tesota Woodland Allianc
» more details
accession code: VB.cc.30506.PARKINSONIAFLOR
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NVC 2004 |
82
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Comm #198
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Artemisia tridentata Shrub Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30616.ARTEMISIATRIDEN
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NVC 2004 |
82
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Comm #199
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Acacia greggii Shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30593.ACACIAGREGGIISH
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NVC 2004 |
82
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Comm #200
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Quercus montana - Quercus rubra - Carya ovalis / Carex pensylvanica - (Calamagrostis porteri) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36576-{47187FF1-DC4E-4E73-A00C-8EFF3A6D2247}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
82
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This community is currently known from the southern part of the Central Appalachians, on the northern Virginia Blue Ridge and higher ridges of the Ridge and Valley in western Virginia and adjacent West Virginia. Occurrences in western Maryland and central and western Pennsylvania should be sought. This association usually occupies middle to upper slopes and narrow ridge crests underlain by various sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, including sandstone, quartzite, siltstone, metasiltstone, phyllite, acidic shale, and rarely amphibolite. Among 53 Virginia plot samples, elevation ranges from 550-1270 m (2000-4160 feet), but the type is most common between 760 and 1100 m (2500-3600 feet). The moisture potential of plot-sampling sites was assessed as submesic or subxeric. Slopes vary from steep to sublevel, with aspects ranging from northeast to west. This association has an open, mixed canopy dominated by several oaks and hickories. Trees tend to be slightly stunted (often <20 m tall) on the drier and more exposed sites. <i>Quercus rubra, Quercus montana</i>, and <i>Carya ovalis</i> are the most abundant canopy species, but <i>Quercus alba</i> is a constant minor associate that becomes more abundant and replaces <i>Quercus montana</i> at the highest elevations. <i>Carya ovata, Carya glabra, Fraxinus americana</i>, and <i>Quercus velutina</i> are minor overstory associates. The subcanopy tends to be strongly dominated by <i>Carya ovalis</i>. Lower understory layers tend to be open or sparse with scattered <i>Ostrya virginiana, Crataegus macrosperma, Amelanchier arborea, Acer pensylvanicum</i>, and tree saplings. <i>Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium pallidum, Rosa carolina</i>, and <i>Spiraea corymbosa</i> commonly form a patchy low-shrub layer. The herb layer is open but moderately diverse with drought-tolerant graminoids and forbs. |
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