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Reference
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Description |
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Quercus lobata / Herbaceous Semi-Riparian Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
6
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Comm #2121
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Taxodium distichum - Nyssa biflora / Sabal palmetto / Tillandsia (bartramii, usneoides) Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32710-{27ECCC61-8940-45E8-BFD4-F9D2C7561DE2}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This forest type includes wet forests of Florida that are flooded by river overbank flow, and are dominated by a combination of <i>Taxodium distichum</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. <i>Sabal palmetto</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i> are also typically present in the subcanopy, with <i>Itea virginica</i> and a variety of evergreen small trees and shrubs in various woody strata (e.g., <i>Persea palustris, Ilex cassine, Morella cerifera</i>, and <i>Lyonia lucida</i>). Other shrub and herb components vary among stands. The epiphytes <i>Tillandsia bartramii</i> and <i>Tillandsia usneoides</i> are typically present. This community occurs in sloughs and depressions in seasonally flooded Coastal Plain riverine settings. |
Comm #2122
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NY Heritage: Rich graminoid fen
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accession code: VB.CC.28609.NYHERITAGERICHG
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Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed. |
6
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A strongly minerotrophic peatland in which the substrate is a predominantly graminoid peat that may or may not be underlain by marl. Rich fens are fed by waters that have high concentrations of minerals and high pH values, generally from 6.0 to 7.8. Rich graminoid fens are usually fed by water from highly calcareous springs or seepage.
The dominant species in rich graminoid fens are sedges, although grasses and rushes may be common. Shrubs may be present, but collectively they have less than 50% cover. Sphagnum is either absent or a minor component, with only the most minerotrophic species present. Other mosses, especially those requiring highly minerotrophic conditions, may be common.
Characteristic herbs include spike muhly (Muhlenbergia glomerata), swamp goldenrod (Solidago uliginosa), the sedges Carex flava, C. lasiocarpa, C. sterilis, C. aquatilis, C. prairea, and C. hystericina, bog-rush (Cladium mariscoides), grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia glauca), sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris), white beakrush (Rhynchospora alba), common cat-tail (Typha latifolia), spikerush (Eleocharis rostellata), royal fern (Osmunda regalis), blue flag (Iris versicolor), and hard-stem bulrush (Scirpus acutus). Other herbs found in rich graminoid fens include alpine bulrush (Scirpus hudsonianus), flat-top white aster (Aster umbellatus), cotton-grass (Eriophorum viridi-carinatum), thoroughwort (Eupatorium perfoliatum), spotted joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum), buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), the sedges Carex stricta, C. buxbaumii, C. pellita, and C. leptalea, spreading goldenrod (Solidago patula), fringed brome (Bromus ciliatus), marsh St. John's wort (Triadenum virginicum), common horsetail (Equisetum arvense), marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris), field mint (Mentha arvensis), arrow-grass (Triglochin maritimum), milfoil bladderwort (Utricularia intermedia), grass pink (Calopogon tuberosus), water-horehound (Lycopus uniflorus), rose pogonia (Pogonia ophioglossoides), golden ragwort (Senecio aureus), and Kalm's lobelia (Lobelia kalmii).
Characteristic shrubs include shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica), speckled alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa), poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix), red maple (Acer rubrum), alder-leaf buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), and hoary willow (Salix candida). Other shrubs found in rich graminoid fens include northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), dwarf raspberry (Rubus pubescens), tamarack (Larix laricina), sweet-gale (Myrica gale), and swamp fly honeysuckle (Lonicera oblongifolia).
Characteristic non-vascular species include the mosses Campylium stellatum and Drepanocladus revolvens, and the liverwort Aneura pinguis. Other non-vascular plants found in rich graminoid fens include the mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Fissidens adianthoides, Sphagnum teres, Scorpidium scorpioides, and Aulacomnium palustre.
A rare animal of some rich graminoid fens is bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii). Data on characteristic animals are needed. |
Comm #2123
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Pinus rigida - Picea rubens / Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides / Sphagnum spp. Woodland
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accession code: VB.CC.37501.CEGL006587
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6
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This coniferous swamp of the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia and the Catskills of New York occurs on saturated peat deposits over acidic bedrock. The open dwarfed canopy is characterized by <i>Pinus rigida</i> and <i>Picea rubens</i>. The shrub layers are characterized by <i>Nemopanthus mucronatus, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>, and in West Virginia, <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. The herbaceous layer supports <i>Gaultheria procumbens, Coptis trifolia, Dalibarda repens, Carex trisperma</i>, and in West Virginia examples, <i>Eriophorum virginicum, Epigaea repens, Rhynchospora alba</i>, and <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>. The nonvascular layer is well-developed and comprised of <i>Sphagnum</i> species. |
Comm #2124
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Acer (rubrum, saccharinum) - Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Ilex verticillata / Osmunda regalis Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.37315.CEGL006630
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6
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This maple - green ash swamp occurs in northern New Jersey and ranges north to the Champlain Valley of Vermont. In New Jersey, it occupies the lowest portion of calcareous sinkhole ponds and is characterized by deep organic deposits overlying marl or carbonate bedrock. This vegetation may also occur more widely in the northeast in areas underlain by calcareous bedrock. In the Champlain Valley, it occurs in peat-filled low-lying depressions formed by former bays of Lake Champlain, or in active alluvial floodplains where soils are mineral rather than organic. The tree canopy is fully closed to partially open and characterized by <i>Acer saccharinum, Acer rubrum, Acer x freemanii</i> (a hybrid of <i>Acer saccharinum</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i>), and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>. Other canopy associates may include <i>Fraxinus nigra, Quercus bicolor, Ulmus americana</i>, and occasionally in Vermont, <i>Populus deltoides, Quercus macrocarpa</i>, and <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i>. The shrub layer is characterized by <i>Ilex verticillata, Vaccinium corymbosum</i>, and <i>Cornus sericea</i>; in Vermont shrubs may also include <i>Ribes americanum, Toxicodendron vernix</i>, and <i>Sambucus canadensis</i>. The herbaceous layer is characterized by <i>Onoclea sensibilis, Carex crinita, Boehmeria cylindrica, Carex retrorsa, Carex lupulina, Lycopus americanus, Lycopus uniflorus, Thelypteris palustris, Solanum dulcamara</i>, and others. |
Comm #2125
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Polygonum (hydropiper, punctatum, lapathifolium) - Bidens (connata, frondosa) - Leersia oryzoides Herbaceous Vegetation
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accession code: VB.CC.37533.CEGL006764
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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6
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This seasonally flooded wetland occurs on the North Atlantic Coastal Plain in topographically defined basins of New Jersey and possibly Long Island, New York. This type of pond tends to be a bit weedy and is probably indicative of disturbance; however, the overall diversity and number of native <i>Polygonum</i> species is remarkable. The dominant species are <i>Polygonum hydropiper, Polygonum punctatum, Polygonum lapathifolium, Bidens connata, Bidens frondosa</i>, and <i>Leersia oryzoides</i>. Other associates include <i>Bidens discoidea, Bidens tripartita, Bidens vulgata, Carex albolutescens, Cyperus erythrorhizos, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus retrorsus, Cyperus strigosus, Decodon verticillatus, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. ensifolium, Digitaria filiformis, Dulichium arundinaceum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa muricata, Echinochloa walteri, Eleocharis olivacea, Eleocharis ovata, Erechtites hieraciifolia, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Euthamia graminifolia, Fimbristylis autumnalis, Glyceria obtusa, Hypericum mutilum, Juncus bufonius, Juncus canadensis, Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea, Ludwigia palustris, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa, Lycopus amplectens, Lycopus uniflorus, Nuphar advena (= Nuphar lutea ssp. advena), Osmunda cinnamomea, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Panicum rigidulum var. pubescens, Panicum verrucosum, Polygonum arifolium, Polygonum careyi, Polygonum caespitosum, Polygonum densiflorum, Polygonum hydropiperoides (= Polygonum opelousanum), Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum sagittatum, Proserpinaca palustris, Proserpinaca pectinata, Rhynchospora macrostachya, Rhynchospora scirpoides, Rubus hispidus, Rubus pensilvanicus, Rumex acetosella, Scirpus cyperinus, Solanum physalifolium, Solidago rugosa, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Spiraea tomentosa, Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum, Toxicodendron radicans, Triadenum virginicum, Viola x primulifolia</i>, and <i>Viola lanceolata</i>. This vegetation occurs throughout flat basins, particularly in the center where standing water is above or close to the soil surface most of the growing season. The substrate is muck over sand. |
Comm #2126
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Fraxinus nigra - Mixed Hardwoods - Conifers / Cornus sericea / Carex spp. Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31014-{9A39D32E-3BCB-4D83-AC3B-A79281EFBA98}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This black ash - mixed hardwoods and conifer swamp forest is found widely in the northern midwestern region of the United States and into the subboreal region of central Canada. Sites are found on well-decomposed woody peat or fine mineral soil. The type is found where perched wet pockets occur on fine sandy, clay loamy to fine loamy soils in valleys with impeded drainage or near shores. Hydrology can vary from seasonally flooded to saturated. Conditions are often transitional to uplands. Canopy structure is variable, ranging from 30-90% cover. The canopy is dominated by <i>Fraxinus nigra</i> (at least 50% cover), with a diverse mix of hardwoods and conifers in the main and subcanopies, including <i>Abies balsamea, Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Betula alleghaniensis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Picea glauca, Populus balsamifera, Populus tremuloides, Thuja occidentalis, Tilia americana</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. Shrub and sapling species include <i>Abies balsamea, Acer spicatum, Cornus sericea, Corylus cornuta, Lonicera canadensis, Prunus virginiana, Ribes triste, Rubus idaeus</i>, and <i>Rubus pubescens</i>. Herbaceous species include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Athyrium filix-femina, Carex gracillima, Carex intumescens, Cinna latifolia, Circaea alpina, Clintonia borealis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Equisetum sylvaticum, Fragaria virginiana, Maianthemum canadense, Mitella nuda, Streptopus lanceolatus var. longipes, Thalictrum pubescens</i>, and <i>Trientalis borealis</i>. Mosses include <i>Climacium dendroides, Plagiomnium</i> spp. A floodplain variant may also occur, with more hardwood dominance, with wetter species present, such as <i>Alnus incana, Calamagrostis canadensis</i>, and <i>Caltha palustris</i>. Diagnostic features include the dominance by <i>Fraxinus nigra</i>. |
Comm #2127
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Pinus echinata - Quercus marilandica / Kalmia latifolia - Symplocos tinctoria Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33234-{3164221A-4387-4C77-A38D-2724C956C983}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This Piedmont woodland occurs on upper slopes, often west-facing, with extreme exposure that results in extreme xeric conditions. The dominant overstory species are <i>Pinus echinata, Pinus virginiana</i>, and <i>Quercus montana</i>. <i>Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus alba, Quercus coccinea var. coccinea, Quercus velutina</i>, and other species may be present. There is a subcanopy of <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i> and <i>Acer rubrum var. rubrum</i> over a dense shrub layer of <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> and <i>Symplocos tinctoria</i>. Other shrub species include <i>Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium formosum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Gaylussacia dumosa</i>, and <i>Lyonia mariana</i>. The herbaceous layer is sparse and contains <i>Andropogon glomeratus var. pumilus, Danthonia spicata, Danthonia sericea, Iris verna var. verna, Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum, Smilax glauca</i>, and <i>Tephrosia virginiana</i>. The substrate is very rocky. |
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Frankenia salina
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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CDFW Natural Communities List |
6
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Centromadia pungens – Lepidium dictyotum Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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Great Valley Classification |
6
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