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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #2151	Pinus monophylla - Juniperus osteosperma / Artemisia tridentata Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29741-{C101C3D7-93AA-439E-B564-7628614D8CEE}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This woodland association occurs in the Great Basin. Elevations range from 1220-2300 m (4000-7550 feet). Stands occur on mesas, hills and rocky ridges on gentle to steep slopes on all aspects. The soils are shallow to moderately deep, calcareous, lithic loams or clays. The vegetation is characterized by an open to moderately dense tree canopy (10-40% cover) typically codominated by <i>Pinus monophylla</i> and <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i>. <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i> is often more abundant at lower elevation. The short-shrub layer is typically sparse (10-15% cover) and is dominated by <i>Artemisia tridentata</i>. <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i> or <i>Purshia tridentata</i> are frequent associates. Other associated shrubs may include low cover of <i>Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Ephedra nevadensis, Ephedra viridis, Ericameria nauseosa, Grayia spinosa</i>, and species of <i>Gutierrezia, Opuntia, Tetradymia</i>, and <i>Yucca</i>. The sparse to moderately dense herbaceous layer is dominated by graminoids with scattered forbs. Frequent graminoids are <i>Elymus elymoides</i> and <i>Poa secunda</i>. Although forb cover is generally sparse, it may be very diverse. Frequent forbs include species of <i>Astragalus, Balsamorhiza, Machaeranthera, Eriogonum</i>, and <i>Phlox</i>. Disturbed stands may have high cover of the introduced annual grass <i>Bromus tectorum</i>.
Comm #2152	Pinus ponderosa / Arctostaphylos patula Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29751-{91E4E4AA-3E9D-44C7-B34C-C5847C638FFB}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This woodland association has been reported from the mountains and plateaus in Colorado, Utah and California. Elevation ranges from 1770-2590 m (5800-8500 feet). Sites are dry, warm, mid to lower slopes, benches and ridges often with southerly aspects. Soils are typically sandy loams but vary from sand to silt loam. Parent materials are sandstone, limestone and occasionally basalt and andesite. The tree canopy is typically open (about 30% cover), but can range from 10-80% cover and is dominated by <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>. Scattered <i>Juniperus scopulorum</i> trees may also be present. <i>Arctostaphylos patula</i> dominates the moderate to sparse shrub layer. Others shrub species present may include <i>Amelanchier utahensis, Ceanothus</i> spp., <i>Cercocarpus montanus, Mahonia repens, Purshia tridentata, Quercus gambelii, Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i>, and <i>Tetradymia canescens</i>. The sparse herbaceous layer (&lt;20% cover) is primarily composed of graminoids such as <i>Carex rossii, Achnatherum hymenoides, Elymus elymoides, Leymus salinus</i>, and <i>Poa fendleriana</i>. Forbs are sparse and may include <i>Achillea millefolium, Balsamorhiza sagittata</i>, and <i>Eriogonum racemosum</i>.
Comm #2153	Pinus ponderosa / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29753-{1E589C20-94D9-45E2-87A7-5F7C366398CF}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This ponderosa pine / kinnikinnick woodland community is found in the Black Hills region and Rocky Mountain Front Range. Elevation ranges from 1540 to 2775 m (4250-9100 feet) in the Black Hills and 1920 to 2700 m (6300-8890 feet) in the Rocky Mountains. Stands occur in warm, dry habitats on all aspects and slopes, although it is most prevalent on gentle, south-facing midslopes with sandy loam or clay loam soils. The tree canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>; occasional associates include <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> or <i>Populus tremuloides</i>, with <i>Quercus macrocarpa</i> common in the Black Hills. The dwarf-shrub <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> is characteristic and abundant in this association. Other shrubs occur at lower densities and can include <i>Symphoricarpos albus, Mahonia repens, Rosa</i> spp., <i>Juniperus communis, Purshia tridentata, Ribes cereum, Physocarpus monogynus</i>, and <i>Spiraea betulifolia</i> in the Black Hills, and <i>Quercus gambelii</i> in the southern Rocky Mountains. Composition of the herbaceous layer is variable and not well-developed where shrub cover is high. Graminoids are more prevalent, especially <i>Muhlenbergia montana, Leucopoa kingii, Carex geyeri, Carex rossii</i>, and <i>Festuca arizonica</i>, with <i>Carex inops ssp. heliophila</i> occurring in the southern Rocky Mountains and <i>Oryzopsis asperifolia</i> in the Black Hills. Forbs are usually present with low cover and can include <i>Arnica cordifolia, Lupinus argenteus, Geranium caespitosum, Potentilla fissa, Achillea millefolium</i>, and <i>Lathyrus ochroleucus</i>.
Comm #2154	Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Athyrium filix-femina - Cinna latifolia Wet Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30065-{CBD17E71-75BC-405B-86C5-A9FD4047265B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This association is found in cool and moist mountainous regions between about 1022-1837 m (3350-6012 feet) elevation, ranging from northern California, along the eastern slope of the Cascades to southern British Columbia, through northeastern Oregon, Washington and Montana and north into the Canadian Rockies. It usually occurs as narrow stringers in moderate to steep, V-shaped valleys in areas of deep or long-lasting snowpacks. Such habitats include floodplains and streambanks of small streams (orders 1 and 2), avalanche chutes, and occasionally springs. These areas often flood during snowmelt and remain wet throughout the summer. Soils vary, but are typically thin silt or sandy loams over alluvial cobble and gravel. <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata</i> forms dense, 3- to 5-m tall thickets with 60 to nearly 100% cover, but less dense stands are also known. Conifers, especially <i>Abies grandis</i> and <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, are sometimes present and may indicate a successional trend toward conifer-dominated associations. Periodic severe flood or avalanche disturbance may be necessary for maintaining the long-term dominance of <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata</i>. The only understory shrubs with greater than 50% constancy (but usually low cover), are <i>Ribes</i> spp. (<i>Ribes hudsonianum</i> or <i>Ribes lacustre</i>), <i>Salix drummondiana</i>, and <i>Rubus parviflorus</i>. <i>Athyrium filix-femina</i>, 30-90 cm tall, is always present in the understory, typically with 20-80% cover, while another fern, <i>Gymnocarpium dryopteris</i>, is sometimes subdominant. <i>Cinna latifolia</i> is often present, but averages only 5% cover (and less than <i>Athyrium filix-femina</i>). Tall forbs, most commonly <i>Maianthemum stellatum, Senecio triangularis, Chamerion angustifolium, Prosartes</i> spp., and <i>Streptopus amplexifolius</i>, have high constancy but usually have less than 10% cover, although they can occasionally be quite abundant, with as much as 50% canopy cover. A lush ground layer composed of species including, but not limited to, <i>Boykinia major, Circaea alpina, Claytonia cordifolia, Galium triflorum</i>, and <i>Mitella</i> spp., is often present beneath the taller <i>Athyrium filix-femina</i> canopy.
Comm #2155	Salix brachycarpa / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30153-{2DC19DD5-3C7A-4315-89FB-108A18042EDC}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This association is known from the upper montane zones of the Rocky Mountains. Specifically it is known from the upper South Platte River Basin, the Rio Grande National Forest, and the San Juan National Forest in southwestern Colorado. It is likely to occur in Utah. <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> is an abundant low-statured (0.3-1 m [1-3 feet]) willow of first- and second-order streams of subalpine elevations (2805-3110 m [9200-10,200 feet]) in Colorado. It is unusual for <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> to occur with <i>Carex aquatilis</i> since <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> typically grows on drier sites. This association occurs on low floodplains immediately adjacent to the stream channel. Stream reaches are broad, low gradient, and meandering or braided. The water table can be within the first 20 cm (8 inches) of soil early in the season. Since <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> is typically not associated with <i>Carex aquatilis</i>, this plant association may indicate that a site was once wetter and is now becoming drier allowing <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> to establish. <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> is the dominant shrub with 15-20% cover. Other shrubs present include <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Salix wolfii</i>, and <i>Salix monticola</i>. The understory is a thick carpet of grasses and grass-like plants dominated by 15-30% cover of <i>Carex aquatilis</i>. Forb cover is sparse. In Colorado, occurrences of this plant association also have <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> and <i>Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis</i> which increase in abundance under persistent heavy livestock grazing. These sites may be shifting from wetter plant associations to drier <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> or <i>Salix brachycarpa</i> associations.
Comm #2156	Spartina pectinata - Carex spp. Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30386-{AF973E6D-0769-40DC-8AA0-BF26AABBEAD6}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This cordgrass wet prairie type is found in the northwestern Great Plains of the United States. Stands occur in drainage bottoms where the soil is wet for at least part of the growing season, or in poorly drained depressions within floodplains of major rivers. At Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota, this type has dense herbaceous cover, greater than 75%. Species dominance is patchy within stands, with various graminoids locally abundant, often to the exclusion of other species. In the single sampled stand, <i>Spartina pectinata, Carex nebrascensis</i>, and <i>Eleocharis palustris</i> were locally dominant. <i>Epilobium ciliatum</i> was common in shallow water. At Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota, <i>Spartina pectinata</i> is the dominant species. Species richness is generally low. <i>Hordeum jubatum</i> and <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> are the most prominent secondary species. Elsewhere <i>Carex pellita</i> may be dominant.
Comm #2157	Carex lasiocarpa Fen » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30719-{14A4FFF6-1B13-43CE-AB6A-175BC8488DBA}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This herbaceous-dominated peatland is known from the lowlands of Washington's Puget Trough to high subalpine basins in Utah, Montana and Colorado, where it occurs in low-gradient, wide valleys and in topographic depressions. Elevation ranges from below 600 to over 3000 m (1900-9800 feet). Soils are deep organic peat in various degrees of decomposition. Sites are flooded seasonally, are poorly to very poorly drained, and remain saturated for the entire growing season, except in drought years. It occurs both as bogs (no in or outflows) and as fens (some contact with drainage from surrounding mineral soil). Species richness is naturally low in this wet herbaceous association. The indicator species is <i>Carex lasiocarpa</i>, the dominant graminoid, with 30-100% cover. Other sedge species that may be present with 0-30% cover include <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex utriculata, Carex canescens, Carex microptera</i>, and <i>Carex buxbaumii</i>. Forb species are generally in low abundance, but can include species of <i>Nuphar</i> (e.g., <i>Nuphar polysepala, Nuphar variegata</i>), <i>Drosera, Menyanthes, Potentilla</i>, and many others, depending on geographic location.
Comm #2158	Eleocharis acicularis Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30741-{62A45A06-D215-4BF6-9C6D-DCF5A06B6D54}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This is a small-statured, small-patch herbaceous wetland community that is common but rarely sampled and is generally overlooked. Stands occur on edges of marshes, on muddy shores, wet basins, exposed pond bottoms or concave areas in meadows or grasslands. This description is based on 14 plots from California, Colorado and Wyoming. Known occurrences are found at elevations between 1460 and 3350 m (4800-11,000 feet). Soils are fine silty clay, loam to sandy loam, and even muck, often over alluvium. Soils are generally saturated throughout the growing season, but the water table may drop to 36 cm by late August. It is typically a low-diversity herbaceous association. The diminutive, rhizomatous, slender perennial graminoid <i>Eleocharis acicularis</i> characterizes sites with its dense tufts. The canopy can be open (10%) or nearly closed (85%). Stands are low in species richness (average of 7 in both California and in Colorado plots). Other graminoid species that may be present include <i>Eleocharis palustris, Pascopyrum smithii, Muhlenbergia filiformis, Carex vesicaria, Bromus arvensis, Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, and <i>Glyceria borealis</i>. Forbs may also be present and include <i>Rorippa sinuata, Marsilea vestita, Ambrosia tomentosa, Trifolium longipes, Sium suave</i>, and <i>Ranunculus flammula</i>.
Comm #2159	Picea mariana / Ledum groenlandicum / Carex trisperma / Sphagnum spp. Open Bog Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31393-{0C520C02-DD92-44DD-887F-781EE588FBF8}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This black spruce-dominated raised bog community type is found in the subboreal to boreal regions of the Great Lakes, elsewhere in the boreal region of central Canada, and across to Maine. Stands are typically on the crests of raised bog landforms in large peatland complexes, as well as in basin bogs. Sites are poorly drained, with wet organic substrates. Tree cover forms at least 25% canopy (and may be very dense), varying in height from 3 m to over 10 m. <i>Picea mariana</i> is often the sole species in the canopy. <i>Larix laricina</i> may occasionally occur. The dwarf-shrub layer is dominated by <i>Ledum groenlandicum</i> and other ericaceous shrubs, such as <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Kalmia polifolia, Kalmia angustifolia, Gaultheria hispidula</i>, and <i>Andromeda polifolia</i>. <i>Picea mariana</i> may also be found in scrub form in this layer. Ground cover consists of a species-poor herb layer, with <i>Carex trisperma, Eriophorum vaginatum</i>, and <i>Maianthemum trifolium</i> most prevalent. Moss cover is a <i>Sphagnum</i> carpet with patches of feathermoss (especially <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i>) and conifer litter beneath the trees. Dominant sphagnum species include <i>Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum recurvum</i>, and <i>Sphagnum angustifolium</i>, and less commonly, <i>Sphagnum capillifolium</i> and <i>Sphagnum girgensohnii</i>. Minerotrophic indicators, such as <i>Betula pumila, Carex stricta</i>, and <i>Carex aquatilis</i>, are absent.
Comm #2160	Quercus muehlenbergii - Quercus (alba, velutina) - (Juniperus virginiana) Driftless Bluff Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31053-{E5AB673B-D4C5-46AE-9A58-6ED2C8BC85A5}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This chinquapin oak woodland type occurs primarily on bluffs of large rivers in the midwestern United States. Stands occur in scattered areas along steep southwest-facing bluffs or slopes, particularly on the Mississippi River. Presumably the underlying soils and bedrock have a calcareous influence. Stands contain an open tree layer, with <i>Quercus muehlenbergii</i> as the characteristic dominant, and <i>Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Quercus macrocarpa</i>, and <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> as common associates. <i>Cornus racemosa</i> may be common in the shrub layer. The ground layer may contain a dry to dry-mesic prairie flora, but little is known about this type and few stands are available for characterization.