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Description |
Comm #2171
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Quercus hemisphaerica - Carya glabra - Magnolia grandiflora / Sabal etonia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32652-{D238E829-AE83-49A4-880E-B49337A445E0}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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These are dry-mesic to xeric hammocks of central Florida dominated by <i>Quercus hemisphaerica, Carya glabra</i>, and <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i> in the canopy, and <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i> and <i>Carya glabra</i> in the understory. This association includes what would be considered beech-magnolia forests, south of the range of <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. <i>Sabal etonia</i> and <i>Serenoa repens</i> are important shrub components. |
Comm #2172
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Arundinaria tecta Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32703-{056DBEAD-F1E0-4D82-B65F-7095F3A83FFE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This association consists of wetlands, including Coastal Plain peat domes, and stream flats and saturated slopes in the Fall-line Sandhills, dominated by <i>Arundinaria tecta</i>, either without an overstory, or with widely scattered trees such as <i>Nyssa biflora, Pinus serotina</i>, and <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>. Herbs and other shrubs may be found in openings in stands, particularly after episodes of fire. |
Comm #2173
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Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica - Carya (tomentosa, pallida) Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32801-{1D39EAF2-16C0-4887-A09E-10EAAB36A2EA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This community occurs on xeric sites in the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. Such sites may include sandy river bluffs, sandy uplands, or even clayey uplands. In all cases the woodland structure is believed to be maintained in part by xerophytic conditions, although fire was likely an important process that historically favored open stands. Due to fire suppression, large areas of this type have been lost. Remaining stands may have greater overstory density and somewhat altered species composition with notable declines in <i>Quercus marilandica</i> abundance. Intact, high-quality examples of this community have a somewhat stunted and open canopy dominated by <i>Quercus stellata</i> and <i>Quercus marilandica</i>. Other typical canopy species include <i>Carya pallida</i> and/or <i>Carya tomentosa</i>. The understory is <i>Vaccinium arboreum, Quercus marilandica, Quercus stellata</i>, and <i>Carya pallida</i>. The herb layer is a mix of herbs with some grasses, but <i>Opuntia humifusa</i> is the most noteworthy indicator of the xeric conditions, at least in stands on sandy soil above the Wolf River of west Tennessee. |
Comm #2174
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Quercus phellos - Quercus alba - (Quercus michauxii) - Carya carolinae-septentrionalis Wet Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32888-{0AE5202F-7A35-4F55-8038-DE9A8FF9F037}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This community is known only from North Carolina but may possibly be found in Virginia, South Carolina or Georgia. These forests occur in very gently-sloped upper drainages in flat Piedmont terrain with dense clay hardpan soils that have restricted internal drainage. Restricted rooting depth, shallow ponding of water on the surface, and short-duration flood flows appear to be important environmental factors. The canopy is a mix that includes both wetland and upland species. Generally <i>Quercus phellos</i> or <i>Quercus michauxii</i> are abundant. The most abundant upland species tend to be <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Carya carolinae-septentrionalis</i>. <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i> may also be common. Other canopy species may include <i>Carya ovata, Ulmus americana</i>, and <i>Fraxinus</i> sp. <i>Platanus occidentalis, Celtis laevigata</i>, or other alluvial species may be present but generally only in very small numbers. The understory consists of canopy species, plus <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i>. Shrubs are sparse, but vines, especially <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i>, may be prominent. The herbaceous layer is generally dense, though it may be locally sparse. Herb diversity is high and includes both wetland and upland species. Wetland <i>Carex</i> spp., <i>Danthonia spicata</i>, and <i>Glyceria striata</i> are abundant. Invasive exotic plants of floodplains, such as <i>Microstegium vimineum</i> and <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, are often present. The shallow stream channels are, at least sometimes, lined with <i>Isoetes</i> sp. |
Comm #2175
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Pinus echinata - Quercus alba - Carya tomentosa East Gulf Coastal Plain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32896-{F758C3D3-996E-4657-86D6-B792B8733179}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This association is one of several documented types of shortleaf pine - hardwood forests in the East and Upper East Gulf coastal plains. The open canopy is characterized by <i>Pinus echinata</i> and a mixture of hardwoods with intermediate moisture preferences. One of the most important characteristic features that distinguish this type from other shortleaf pine - hardwood forests of the region is the prevalence of <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Carya tomentosa</i> in the overstory. Although other tree species may also be encountered in stands of this type, they are generally lacking from the overstory or found only in limited abundance. The density of <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Pinus echinata</i> in stands of this association varies locally, presumably related to a combination of site factors and management history. In addition, the specific floristic composition may vary between stands and a number of subcanopy, shrub, and herbaceous species may be present. As with the overstory, the density and composition of the lower strata vary greatly depending upon a number of factors. For example, many stands of this association found on the Tombigbee National Forest (Mississippi) are subject to more prescribed burning than other known stands. Consequently, they have a much more open aspect with sparse to absent shrubs above dense layers of legumes. |
Comm #2176
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Chamaedaphne calyculata / Carex striata - Woodwardia virginica Wet Dwarf-shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33007-{A860845C-D4DE-4730-B63D-2AE47D080C35}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This dwarf-shrubland is found in North Carolina in peat-burn openings and other mucky depressions in low, medium, or high pocosins, sometimes forming a mosaic with various shrublands. Individual patches are usually small but sometimes abundantly intermixed with low pocosin shrub vegetation. Vegetation is dominated by <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata, Carex striata</i>, and <i>Woodwardia virginica</i>, but lacks abundant <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> or <i>Sarracenia</i> spp. Other characteristic species include <i>Eriophorum virginicum, Calamovilfa brevipilis, Utricularia subulata, Lysimachia asperulifolia, Peltandra sagittifolia</i>, and other shrubs (scattered). |
Comm #2177
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Taxodium distichum - Liquidambar styraciflua - Platanus occidentalis / Asimina triloba Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33213-{CA311047-4397-4E22-B7E8-434A22C414CE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This association covers deciduous forests on mineral soils on the edge of blackwater lakes in the Tidewater region of northeastern North Carolina. <i>Taxodium distichum</i> dominates the canopy of stands, with a variable admixture of hardwoods, including <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus michauxii</i>, and <i>Quercus pagoda</i>. The dominant understory species is <i>Asimina triloba</i>. The hydrology is seasonally flooded, with occasional flooding events throughout the season caused by high rainfall and lake wind events. |
Comm #2178
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Basalt - Diabase Cobble - Gravel Great Lakes Shore Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34013-{F0EB4607-1101-4EFB-A76D-1F386E30FD29}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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The basalt cobble - gravel Great Lakes shore type is commonly found along the northern Great Lakes shores of the United States and Canada. Stands occur between volcanic bedrock exposures composed of both basalt and Copper Harbor conglomerates. Size of the gravel and cobble vary from less than 2 cm to over 20 cm. Size range varies depending on the wave energy acting on the shoreline and the nature of the bedrock being eroded. These steep shores are typically devoid of vegetation. At Isle Royale National Park, this cobble - gravel lakeshore is a sparsely vegetated community on cobble or gravel beaches. This community occurs as a mosaic of sparse grassland with over 25% cover, and sparsely vegetated areas with less than 25% cover. The most abundant herbs are grasses, mostly <i>Elymus trachycaulus</i> (average 29% cover); other characteristic herbs are <i>Lathyrus palustris</i> and <i>Oenothera biennis</i>; characteristic shrubs are <i>Rubus idaeus, Cornus sericea</i>, and <i>Alnus viridis</i> (each with <5% cover). The shrub zone is dominated by low shrubs, which vary from 20-60% cover. The most abundant shrubs are <i>Rosa acicularis, Rubus idaeus, Diervilla lonicera, Physocarpus opulifolius, Ribes oxyacanthoides, Alnus incana</i>, and <i>Sorbus decora</i>. There may be scattered trees (0-5% cover) including <i>Picea glauca, Abies balsamea, Thuja occidentalis</i>, and <i>Betula papyrifera</i>. Cover of herbs varies from 10-40%; the most common herbs are <i>Lathyrus palustris, Oenothera biennis, Cornus canadensis, Calamagrostis canadensis</i>, and <i>Equisetum hyemale</i>. <i>Carex atratiformis, Polygonum viviparum</i>, and <i>Trisetum spicatum</i> have been reported at the inner margin of the island's cobble lakeshore, near the tree edge. Elsewhere, in Minnesota, <i>Lathyrus japonicus</i> is characteristic. |
Comm #2179
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Myrica gale - Dasiphora fruticosa / Carex lasiocarpa - Cladium mariscoides Fen
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34717-{EA8EF5D0-989B-45BC-9852-54CAB6A75F9D}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This association is an intermediate fen overlying deep peat accumulations of lakes and other depressions in the Great Lakes region east to the northeastern United States. It is characterized by rhizomatous sedges that form a mat, with variable shrub cover. Typical sedges include <i>Carex lasiocarpa, Carex prairea, Carex leptalea, Carex stricta, Carex buxbaumii, Carex flava, Carex cryptolepis, Carex lacustris, Carex livida, Carex aquatilis, Cladium mariscoides, Trichophorum alpinum, Eleocharis elliptica</i>, as well as <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> and <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>. Other herbaceous associates include <i>Carex rostrata, Carex trisperma, Eleocharis rostellata, Muhlenbergia glomerata, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenoplectus acutus, Typha latifolia, Doellingeria umbellata, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris versicolor, Osmunda regalis, Parnassia glauca, Pogonia ophioglossoides</i>, and <i>Thelypteris palustris</i>. Shrubs are generally confined to hummocks, but cover varies among occurrences and can exceed 25%. Characteristic species include <i>Myrica gale, Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Betula pumila, Salix candida, Rhamnus alnifolia, Alnus</i> spp., and <i>Cornus sericea</i>. <i>Larix laricina</i> may occur as scattered individuals atop hummocks. Hollows and channels often support <i>Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia gibba, Menyanthes trifoliata</i>, and <i>Lobelia kalmii</i>. Other herbs include <i>Symphyotrichum boreale</i> and <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>. Characteristic mosses include <i>Campylium stellatum, Limprichtia revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides</i>, and <i>Tomentypnum nitens</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. may be absent or are minor components. When present, species include the more minerotrophic <i>Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum warnstorfii</i>, and <i>Sphagnum teres</i>. Diagnostic species include <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> and <i>Myrica gale</i>, and the mixture of brown mosses and minerotrophic <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses. |
Comm #2180
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Prunus serotina - Sassafras albidum - Amelanchier canadensis - Quercus velutina / Smilax rotundifolia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34793-{CDFA5D32-84A8-4419-8802-FF91190E8EE8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This maritime forest community of the North Atlantic Coast ecoregion occurs on sheltered backdunes, bluffs, or more interior coastal areas not directly influenced by overwash but affected by salt spray and wind-pruning. Vegetation in these sheltered areas is sometimes referred to as "sunken forest." This name refers to the topographic position of these examples, which are found in large depressions, lower in elevation (by 1-3 m) than the interdunes. These examples are shielded from strong prevailing winds and salt spray, which permits lush growth of broadleaf shrub and vine species. Soils are coarse, well-drained sand subject to considerable shifting during coastal storms, or till and sand deposits of terminal moraines. Physiognomy is variable and ranges from closed-canopy forest to open woodland to dense tall shrubland, and may be more accurately called scrub. Trees found in this community are usually stunted and flat-topped; the canopy may be only 3-7 m tall. Dominant trees vary locally and include <i>Prunus serotina, Sassafras albidum</i>, and <i>Amelanchier canadensis</i>, with admixtures of <i>Celtis occidentalis, Quercus velutina, Pinus rigida, Juniperus virginiana, Acer rubrum, Amelanchier stolonifera</i>, and in southern occurrences <i>Quercus coccinea, Quercus falcata, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Ilex opaca</i>. Additional shrub species may also contribute substantially to the canopy and include <i>Vaccinium corymbosum, Morella pensylvanica, Gaylussacia baccata, Viburnum recognitum, Viburnum dentatum</i>, and <i>Rosa virginiana</i>. A true shrub layer is generally not present. Lianas are common and can be dense in the canopy or the ground layer; species include <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Smilax glauca</i>. The understory is generally sparse with tree or vine seedlings plus herbaceous species, including <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Moehringia lateriflora, Maianthemum stellatum</i>, and <i>Maianthemum canadense</i>. Several invasive species can be prevalent in this association, including <i>Lonicera morrowii, Lonicera japonica, Ligustrum vulgare, Berberis vulgaris</i>, and <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i>. |
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