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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #2181	Pinus taeda - Quercus nigra / Smilax rotundifolia Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34820-{4C374BDD-FB97-413D-8A0B-81E3B2ED769A}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6
Comm #2182	Peltandra virginica - Polygonum amphibium var. emersum - Carex stricta - Impatiens capensis Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34891-{574ECED4-8EFA-4C37-B4E6-EF218D3DA156}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This community is an herbaceous wetland of calcareous, groundwater-saturated sloughs, abandoned meanders, depressions, and toeslope spring overflows on large stream or river floodplain terraces in carbonate rock districts of the Ridge and Valley region. Soils typically have a surface horizon of organic muck (about 10 cm), or occasionally fibric peat, below which is a deep, gleyed or reduced clay with some organic matter. Soil samples collected from plots are strongly acidic but have high calcium, very high magnesium, and moderate total base saturation levels. Sites are more-or-less permanently saturated or flooded by perched groundwater or seepage inputs. The vegetation is marsh-like and characterized by a combination of coarse emergent forbs and sedges. <i>Peltandra virginica, Polygonum amphibium var. emersum, Carex stricta</i>, and <i>Impatiens capensis</i> are constant, high-cover species. More local patch-dominants include <i>Sparganium eurycarpum, Carex trichocarpa, Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis</i>, and <i>Equisetum fluviatile</i>. Other characteristic species are <i>Nuphar advena, Boehmeria cylindrica, Symplocarpus foetidus, Polygonum sagittatum, Galium tinctorium, Leersia virginica</i>, and <i>Iris versicolor</i>. Examples of this vegetation heavily disturbed by cattle grazing are frequently characterized by large, invasive clones of <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>. In the absence of fires, prolonged flooding, and other natural disturbances, habitats supporting this community may also be invaded by woody swamp plants.
Comm #2183	Cladium mariscoides - Panicum rigidulum var. pubescens Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34917-{8E3F377D-9D50-45AB-9893-028FEE681692}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This herbaceous community occurs in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey on the floodplains of Outer Coastal Plain rivers and streams. It is often found in wet linear or broad depressions that are part of a mosaic of herbaceous and woody herbaceous riverside savanna. This community is stable in perennial seepage channels and successional in historically disturbed sites that were mined for bog iron and currently low enough in elevation to be backflooded by river water. Substrate is iron-rich muck. Dominant species are <i>Cladium mariscoides</i> and <i>Panicum rigidulum var. pubescens</i>. Associated woody species include <i>Acer rubrum</i> saplings and <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>. Associated herbaceous species include <i>Oclemena nemoralis, Dichanthelium scabriusculum, Drosera intermedia, Dulichium arundinaceum, Eleocharis tuberculosa, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Eriocaulon decangulare, Euthamia caroliniana, Glyceria obtusa, Juncus canadensis, Juncus militaris, Lobelia canbyi, Lophiola aurea, Lycopus amplectens, Lysimachia terrestris, Muhlenbergia torreyana, Panicum virgatum, Rhynchospora alba, Triadenum virginicum, Viola lanceolata</i>, and <i>Woodwardia virginica</i>.
Comm #2184	Ammophila breviligulata - Lathyrus japonicus Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34921-{3527C7F1-7851-4D01-929B-8D823F59D910}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This dune grassland of maritime beaches occurs along the North Atlantic Coast from New Jersey north to central Maine. This association primarily occurs on active maritime dunes, on both foredunes that are exposed to onshore winds and salt spray as well as more protected interdunes. The substrate is wind-deposited sand with no soil development. <i>Ammophila breviligulata</i> is the dominant species, often occurring monotypically. <i>Lathyrus japonicus</i> is a common associate and can be codominant. Other associated species include <i>Solidago sempervirens, Lechea maritima, Aristida tuberculosa, Schizachyrium scoparium, Carex silicea, Polygonella articulata</i>, and <i>Artemisia stelleriana</i>. Dwarf-shrubs, such as <i>Hudsonia tomentosa</i>, can occur sporadically and form locally dominant patches. Vegetation cover is often sparse, and bare sand is usually evident.
Comm #2185	Muhlenbergia torreyana - Lobelia canbyi - Rhynchospora alba Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34938-{74338637-5C33-4E41-B1B5-50010DC01843}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This herbaceous community occurs in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey on the floodplains of Outer Coastal Plain rivers and streams. It is often found in expanses bordered by woody herbaceous savanna. Microtopography is fairly flat with occasional hummocks. The visual impression of this community is a pale green meadow. This community is a successional community on sites disturbed by intense fire and those historically disturbed by extensive bog iron mining. It also occurs as a very narrow ecotonal band between wet and woody savanna. Dominant species include <i>Muhlenbergia torreyana, Lobelia canbyi</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora alba</i>. <i>Muhlenbergia torreyana</i> can form a monoculture in sites that have burned. Associated woody species include <i>Acer rubrum</i> saplings. Associated herbaceous species include <i>Drosera intermedia, Eleocharis tuberculosa, Juncus militaris, Rhynchospora chalarocephala</i>, and <i>Triadenum virginicum</i>. Associated fern and fern-like species include <i>Lycopodiella alopecuroides</i>.
Comm #2186	Andropogon gerardii - Campanula rotundifolia - Solidago simplex Riverscour Sparse Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34931-{640362D3-3A40-473B-A530-4914BE278072}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This riverside rock outcrop community of the northeastern U.S. occurs on open flood-scoured bedrock exposures of major rivers, typically along river narrows. Emergent seepage is absent. Typically a gradient from dry acidic conditions higher on the bank to moist, fairly enriched conditions lower down may exist at any one site. This community is prone to flooding in the upper regions and deposition in the topographically lower areas. It is also prone to severe drought periods that may stress or kill some vegetation. Within the community, the species are distributed patchily, probably due to microsite conditions. The variability in species composition has not been measured, but it shows substantial variation from site to site and from year to year. Vegetation is typically sparse and occurs in the cracks and crevices of the bedrock. Typical vegetation is a mixture of riparian species, xeric-loving crevice plants, and calciphiles. Characteristic species include <i>Andropogon gerardii, Schizachyrium scoparium, Campanula rotundifolia, Solidago simplex, Toxicodendron radicans, Ionactis linariifolius, Sisyrinchium montanum, Packera paupercula</i>, and <i>Prunus pumila</i>. Other associates include <i>Anemone virginiana var. alba, Symphyotrichum lateriflorum, Carex crawei, Carex crawfordii, Potentilla arguta, Campanula rotundifolia, Arabis lyrata, Aquilegia canadensis, Cornus amomum, Euthamia graminifolia, Juncus debilis</i>, and <i>Eupatorium perfoliatum</i>, among others. <i>Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii</i> occurs in limited areas along the upper Connecticut River. These sites are susceptible to invasion by <i>Lythrum salicaria</i> and <i>Melilotus officinalis</i>. This association is more temperate than the related <i>~Campanula rotundifolia - Packera paupercula - (Aquilegia canadensis)</i> Riverscour Sparse Vegetation (CEGL006532)$$, which occurs on near-boreal rivers and lacks prairie elements such as <i>Andropogon gerardii</i>.
Comm #2187	Quercus (rubra, velutina, alba) - Betula lenta - (Pinus strobus) Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35095-{5E746C86-2039-49D5-A40A-35367EC22BD9}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This association covers mid-successional forests developing after heavy cutting or other disturbance in the mid-Atlantic states, where dry-mesic oak species and earlier successional trees predominate, typically with a supercanopy of <i>Pinus strobus</i>. It is usually found on dry-mesic sites that are flat to gently rolling. Characteristic structure is large <i>Pinus strobus</i> over a layer of young, small-diameter hardwoods, such as <i>Acer rubrum, Betula lenta</i>, and mesic oaks, including <i>Quercus rubra</i> and <i>Quercus palustris</i>. <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> may be common in the canopy or subcanopy. Other common associates include <i>Prunus serotina, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus americana, Populus grandidentata, Acer saccharum, Carya cordiformis, Betula alleghaniensis</i>, and occasional dry oak species such as <i>Quercus alba</i> or <i>Quercus velutina</i>. The subcanopy may contain <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> and/or <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. The tall-shrub layer is sparse to moderately dense, consisting of <i>Lindera benzoin, Ilex verticillata, Viburnum prunifolium, Viburnum recognitum</i>, and saplings of canopy tree species. Common short shrubs are <i>Berberis thunbergii, Viburnum acerifolium, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus flagellaris</i>, and <i>Rubus allegheniensis</i>. Ericaceous shrubs may be scattered in this type, however, they generally do not cover greater than 25% of the forest floor. The herbaceous layer is sparse to moderately dense; characteristic herbs include <i>Maianthemum canadense, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Lycopodium digitatum, Chimaphila maculata, Galium circaezans, Galium mollugo, Mitchella repens, Polystichum acrostichoides, Dryopteris intermedia, Ageratina altissima var. altissima, Podophyllum peltatum</i>, and <i>Oxalis stricta</i>. <i>Alliaria petiolata</i> is a common invasive plant in these forests. Vines are usually sparse, with <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i> and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> typically present at low cover.
Comm #2188	Thuja occidentalis - Abies balsamea / Ledum groenlandicum / Carex trisperma Swamp Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35138-{31B8DA98-815A-4955-9087-5E42CB34BAC0}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	These are northern white-cedar bog woodlands of basin peatlands in the northern Appalachian Mountains. They occur on shallow to deep peat in depressional wetlands in glacial till. The open canopy, usually under 60% closure, allows for development of fairly extensive dwarf-shrub and/or herbaceous layers. Tall shrubs are generally sparse, although they may be locally abundant. The bryoid layer is continuous. The partial canopy is dominated by <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>, in association with <i>Picea mariana, Larix laricina, Abies balsamea</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. The subcanopy contains a similar species array. The tall-shrub layer is characterized by <i>Alnus incana, Ilex verticillata</i>, and <i>Viburnum nudum</i>. Dwarf-shrubs typically include <i>Vaccinium angustifolium, Kalmia angustifolia</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>. <i>Morella pensylvanica</i> is an associate at some coastal sites. The herbaceous layer includes <i>Maianthemum trifolium, Carex trisperma, Carex stricta, Calamagrostis canadensis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Coptis trifolia, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Osmunda regalis</i>. The bryophyte layer is well-developed and characterized by <i>Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum recurvum, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum flavicomans</i>, and <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i>. This association differs from northern white-cedar swamps, e.g., ~<i>Thuja occidentalis / Sphagnum (girgensohnii, warnstorfii)</i> Swamp Forest (CEGL006007)$$, in its more open canopy and (typically) association with open peatlands; it also usually occurs on deeper peats than do the closed-canopy northern white-cedar swamps. These woodlands can grade into open fen vegetation with widely scattered <i>Thuja</i>.
Comm #2189	Pinus rigida - Quercus coccinea / Vaccinium angustifolium Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35183-{9851EBCD-12D1-4FB9-B2F7-0B581F81E8F3}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This open oak-pine woodland community occurs on well-drained, nutrient-poor shallow soils on dry ridges and bedrock ledges in the Central Appalachians. Soils are dry, sandy, and acidic. <i>Pinus rigida</i> contributes between 25 and 75% relative cover. <i>Pinus pungens</i> or <i>Pinus resinosa</i> may also occur on some sites. Hardwood associates include <i>Quercus montana, Quercus coccinea, Quercus velutina, Nyssa sylvatica, Sassafras albidum, Betula lenta, Betula populifolia</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. The shrub layer may be entirely composed of low shrubs, including <i>Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium pallidum, Comptonia peregrina</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>, or may have an additional layer of taller shrubs such as <i>Kalmia latifolia, Vaccinium corymbosum</i>, and <i>Quercus ilicifolia</i>. Herbaceous species include <i>Pteridium aquilinum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Danthonia spicata, Epigaea repens, Gaultheria procumbens, Melampyrum lineare, Carex pensylvanica, Carex communis, Oryzopsis</i> spp., and <i>Aralia nudicaulis</i>. Lichens such as <i>Cladonia</i> spp. are abundant in some areas.
Comm #2190	Picea rubens / Vaccinium erythrocarpum / Sphagnum spp. - Bazzania trilobata Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35214-{EC6E2CAA-B9FA-45C3-93D7-5DF38F626C95}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	6	This acidic conifer woodland or forested swamp occurs on saturated and temporarily flooded soils in headwater basins of the Allegheny Mountains region of West Virginia, at elevations between 1140 and 1400 m above sea level. It is a small-patch community maintained by slow seepage, low-energy overflow inundation, and rainfall. It occupies gently sloping land (0-6° slopes) on the margins between upland spruce forest and open beaver-influenced headwater wetlands, and in alluvial bottoms along high-elevation meandering streams. Standing snags are common, the result of inundation stress during wet years and beaver-influenced water table fluctuations. Microtopography is characterized by irregular hummocks formed over tree roots, tip-up mounds, decaying wood, and around woody stem clusters. Soils are somewhat poorly to poorly drained peat, muck, or organic-rich mottled silt loam, generally underlain by clay. The canopy is open to closed and strongly dominated by <i>Picea rubens</i>. The subcanopy is also dominated by <i>Picea rubens</i>, with lower cover by <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis</i>. The tall-shrub layer is similar in composition to the subcanopy, with the occasional low cover by <i>Ilex montana, Rhododendron maximum</i>, or <i>Sorbus americana</i>. The short-shrub layer is dominated by <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>, with locally abundant <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>. The herbaceous ground layer is variable and sparse; <i>Dryopteris intermedia</i> or <i>Thelypteris noveboracensis</i> may be locally abundant. Species with high constancy but low cover include <i>Osmunda cinnamomea var. cinnamomea, Maianthemum canadense, Clintonia</i> spp., and <i>Carex trisperma var. trisperma</i>. Nonvascular plants are dominated by <i>Bazzania trilobata</i>, which blankets the abundant downfall, and <i>Sphagnum</i> ssp. (<i>Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre</i>, and <i>Sphagnum rubellum</i>), which carpet the mucky hollows; <i>Polytrichum</i> spp. and <i>Hypnum imponens</i> are also common. Indicator species that help to distinguish this community from others within the forest/woodland physiognomy for high-elevation wetlands of the Allegheny Mountains region include <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum, Bazzania trilobata, Maianthemum canadense</i>, and <i>Clintonia</i> spp. Mean species richness of all vascular plants and any nonvascular plants with cover &gt;1% is 24 taxa per 400 m2.