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Comm #211	Dactylis glomerata - Phleum pratense - Festuca spp. - Solidago spp. Ruderal Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34755-{6837030E-4928-48D4-9D4A-B56C47EA4DEF}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	79	This broadly defined vegetation type includes pastures and post-agricultural fields and is largely composed of non-native cool-season grasses and herbs (generally of European origin) in the early stages of succession. The fields are typically mowed at least annually. Physiognomically, these grasslands are generally composed of mid-height (1-3 feet tall) grasses and forbs, with occasional scattered shrubs. Species composition varies from site to site, depending on land-use history and perhaps soil type, but in general this vegetation is quite wide-ranging in northeastern and midwestern states and at higher elevations (610-1220 m [2000-4000 feet]) in the southeastern states. Dominant grasses vary from site to site but generally feature the nominal species. Other graminoid associates may include <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis hyemalis, Elymus repens, Bromus inermis, Bromus tectorum, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Poa compressa, Schizachyrium scoparium</i> (not in abundance), and <i>Anthoxanthum odoratum</i>. Forbs scattered among the grasses are varied but include <i>Hieracium</i> spp., <i>Oxalis stricta, Achillea millefolium, Asclepias syriaca, Solidago rugosa, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago juncea, Solidago canadensis, Solidago altissima, Euthamia graminifolia, Cerastium arvense, Oenothera biennis, Potentilla simplex, Symphyotrichum lateriflorum, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum, Daucus carota, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Vicia cracca, Trifolium</i> spp., and many others.
Comm #212	Liriodendron tulipifera - Quercus spp. Ruderal Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35492-{ABCD7046-DD31-4C9F-B9D2-EC1E48A96BE2}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	79	This broadly defined ruderal or successional community is one of several described upland associations dominated by <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>. It ranges from the southern Cumberland Plateau, Piedmont, and Interior Low Plateau of the southeastern U.S. north to the northern Piedmont of New Jersey. These successional forests often follow cropping, clearcut logging, or other severe disturbance, and are successional to mixed oak-hickory forests. Examples are common across large areas of the upland landscape which have previously been disturbed. Soils usually exhibit evidence of disturbance and may have little to no organic horizon development. They are typically acidic and well-drained, dry to moist sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silt loam. Environmental setting is variable, ranging from level to gently sloping uplands to well-drained floodplains and stream terraces. Species found in stands attributable to this type may include a fairly diverse and varied composition. <i>Acer rubrum, Quercus</i> spp., <i>Betula lenta, Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer saccharum</i>, and occasionally <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca</i>, or <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> may be common in stands of this type. Where oaks are present, they are frequently multi-stemmed, resulting from coppicing. The conifer <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> is abundant in the understories of some stands. Shrub composition is variable but may include <i>Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, Rhododendron maximum, Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i>. Herbs are likewise variable; West Virginia samples feature <i>Dioscorea quaternata, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Maianthemum racemosum, Solidago curtisii, Symphyotrichum prenanthoides, Polystichum acrostichoides, Dryopteris intermedia, Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum, Packera aurea, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Lycopodium digitatum</i>, and <i>Geranium maculatum</i>.
Comm #213	PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII WOODLAND ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.CC.8980.PSEUDOTSUGAMENZ	Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function.	79
Comm #214	Salvia leucophylla Shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.37427.CEGL003723		78	This shrubland association occurs on gentle to very steep slopes of variable aspect at low elevations between 18 and 613 m. It is characterized by a strong dominance of <i>Salvia leucophylla</i> in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer is composed of both native and non-native grasses and herbs. The emergent tree layer is generally absent.
Comm #215	Prunus serotina - Liriodendron tulipifera - Acer rubrum - Fraxinus americana - (Robinia pseudoacacia) Ruderal Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35220-{3529D6FE-63C3-4364-9F54-D3AE74192CBA}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	78	This early-successional woody vegetation of the northeastern United States occurs on sites that are becoming reforested after having been cleared for agriculture or otherwise heavily modified in the past. Environmental setting varies, but generally sites are dry-mesic to mesic, with small seepage inclusions in some examples. Physiognomy of this vegetation is highly variable, ranging from closed forest, open forest, tall dense shrubland, to more open tall shrubland. Early-successional woody species dominate the canopy in a widely variable mix, depending on geographic location. In the Central Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic Piedmont, many stands represent decadent forests that were once dominated by <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> but are now mixed with various mid-successional hardwoods; other stands in this region regenerated as mixed stands. Tree species often include some combination of <i>Prunus serotina, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus americana, Robinia pseudoacacia</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Other associates can include <i>Juglans nigra, Sassafras albidum, Betula populifolia, Juniperus virginiana, Acer negundo, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima, Ulmus americana, Quercus</i> spp., <i>Betula lenta, Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Populus grandidentata</i>. Other woody species may contribute to the canopy or form a tall-shrub layer, including <i>Lindera benzoin</i> and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i>. The low-shrub layer, if present, is usually characterized by the presence of <i>Rubus</i> spp. such as <i>Rubus flagellaris, Rubus allegheniensis, Rubus phoenicolasius</i>, or <i>Rubus hispidus</i>. This layer is often dominated by exotic species such as <i>Lonicera tatarica, Lonicera morrowii, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus</i> spp., <i>Rosa multiflora</i>, and <i>Berberis thunbergii</i>. The herbaceous layer is variable, often containing grasses and forbs of both native and exotic origin. Common species include <i>Ageratina altissima var. altissima, Polygonum persicaria, Impatiens capensis, Glechoma hederacea, Polystichum acrostichoides, Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium, Galium aparine, Oxalis stricta, Polygonum virginianum, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Arisaema triphyllum, Allium vineale</i>, and <i>Veronica officinalis</i>, among many others. The invasive species <i>Alliaria petiolata, Microstegium vimineum</i>, and <i>Polygonum cespitosum</i> can be abundant in this disturbed forest type. Vines can be absent or abundant. In stands with high vine cover, the vegetation structure can be altered by the weight of the vines pulling down trees and shrubs. Common vines include <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Toxicodendron radicans, Vitis labrusca</i>, and the invasive vines <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> and <i>Lonicera japonica</i>. These forests are often young and resulted from the colonization of old agricultural fields by woody species. Recent disturbance or abundant invasive species give these forest stands a weedy character. It is unlikely that these stands will succeed to a natural plant community dominated by native species.
Comm #216	Pinus palustris / Serenoa repens - Vaccinium myrsinites / Aristida beyrichiana - Sporobolus curtissii Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33272-{CA0C2F9B-F597-41E3-ADD7-880EDD4DA49B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	78	This <i>Pinus palustris</i> flatwoods community is found in the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of northeastern Florida and southern Georgia, ranging into southern South Carolina. It is typified by a very open or naturally sparse canopy of <i>Pinus palustris</i>. Some stands have relatively minor amounts of <i>Pinus elliottii</i> present as well. <i>Sporobolus curtissii</i> is diagnostic of this type, at least relative to other <i>Pinus palustris</i> flatwoods in northern Florida. <i>Aristida beyrichiana</i> is also common. The shrub layer is well-developed and often dense, usually dominated by some combination of <i>Serenoa repens, Vaccinium myrsinites, Gaylussacia tomentosa, Gaylussacia dumosa, Ilex glabra, Lyonia lucida, Quercus minima</i>, and lesser amounts of <i>Quercus pumila</i>. In some sites, the herb layer is poorly developed and not very diverse; in other areas <i>Sporobolus curtissii</i> and <i>Aristida beyrichiana</i> are abundant and other herbs are diverse.
Comm #217	SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.CC.8487.SYMPHORICARPOSA	Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function.	77
Comm #218	Pinus strobus - Quercus alba - Quercus montana / Vaccinium stamineum Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36595-{012FBE20-0D02-4FA9-80B0-D44DA2C3D434}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	77	The known range of this community includes the Central Appalachian region of Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia, and the northern and central Piedmont of Virginia. The type is particularly abundant and widespread on low shale mountains and hills in west-central Virginia and adjacent West Virginia. Sites are underlain primarily by shale and similar sedimentary rocks (siltstone, metasiltstone, phyllite) or, less commonly, sandstone in the mountains and by a variety of acidic metamorphic and igneous rocks in the Piedmont. Stands occupy middle and upper slopes, ridge crests, dry ravines, and bluffs, mostly below 760 m (2500 feet) elevation in the mountains and above 75 m (240 feet) in the Piedmont. Aspect is variable, and site moisture is typically assessed as subxeric or submesic. Vegetation is a mixed forest, with canopies varying from closed to somewhat open, codominated by <i>Pinus strobus</i> (25-75% canopy cover) and various oaks, particularly <i>Quercus alba, Quercus coccinea, Quercus velutina, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Quercus montana</i>. Minor canopy associates include <i>Acer rubrum, Carya tomentosa, Carya glabra, Fagus grandifolia</i> (mostly Piedmont), <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus virginiana, Quercus falcata</i> (mostly Piedmont), <i>Quercus velutina</i>, and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. Understory trees include <i>Acer rubrum, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i>, which may be abundant, along with <i>Cornus florida</i>. The shrub layer is predominantly ericaceous and varies from sparse and patchy to occasionally dense, with <i>Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata</i>, and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> being characteristic. Other frequent but lower-cover shrub-layer species include <i>Amelanchier arborea, Viburnum acerifolium, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax glauca, Sassafras albidum</i>, and <i>Diospyros virginiana</i>. The herb layer is characterized by species tolerant of dry, acidic soils; it is usually sparse but occasionally contains dense graminoid patches of <i>Danthonia spicata, Deschampsia flexuosa</i>, or <i>Carex pensylvanica</i>.
Comm #219	Abies concolor Forest Alliance » more details accession code: VB.cc.30366.ABIESCONCOLORFO	NVC 2004	77
Comm #220	Artemisia californica - Salvia leucophylla - Eriogonum cinereum / Nassella spp. Shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.37452.CEGL003548		77	This shrubland association occurs on gentle to steep northwest- and northeast-facing slopes at low elevations between 9 and 457 m. It is characterized by a codominance of <i>Artemisia californica</i> and <i>Salvia leucophylla</i> with a subdominance of <i>Eriogonum cinereum</i> in the shrub layer and a low cover of native grasses such as <i>Nassella lepida, Nassella</i> sp., and <i>Leymus condensatus</i> in the herbaceous layer. The emergent tree layer is generally absent.