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Comm #2191
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Pinus palustris / Quercus laevis - Quercus geminata / Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35429-{84E91230-2183-4A79-9CD6-B13CE936184E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This extremely xeric type occurs on coarse, white sands in the Outer Coastal Plain of South Carolina in the "wiregrass gap." <i>Pinus palustris</i> forms an open canopy, with <i>Quercus laevis</i> dominating in the subcanopy/shrub layer, although <i>Quercus geminata</i> and <i>Quercus hemisphaerica</i> are also diagnostic. Common shrubs include <i>Gaylussacia dumosa, Vaccinium arboreum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium tenellum</i>. The herbaceous layer is sparse and species-poor and lacking <i>Aristida stricta</i>. |
Comm #2192
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Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum / Carex spp. - Sphagnum spp. Seep Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35634-{4923628B-F546-4E03-AEAA-125F04D0FE5F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This association is designed to accommodate a variety of isolated, poorly understood seasonally flooded forests of upland depressions in the Southern Blue Ridge and the adjacent and submontane Piedmont. This includes an example in Cades Cove in the Great Smokies National Park, an example in the Piedmont portion of the Chattahoochee National Forest (Georgia), the Bankhead National Forest (Alabama). Stands assigned to this concept are dominated by some combination of <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> and/or <i>Acer rubrum</i>, possibly with <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> and/or <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>. Some shrubs that may be found include <i>Cornus amomum, Cornus foemina</i>, and <i>Alnus serrulata</i>. Some woody vines which are possible components include <i>Berchemia scandens, Decumaria barbara</i>, and <i>Smilax laurifolia</i>. Herbs (which may be abundant to sparse) include <i>Carex intumescens, Carex</i> spp., <i>Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Dichanthelium</i> spp., <i>Leersia</i> spp., <i>Rhynchospora capitellata, Mitchella repens</i>, and <i>Arisaema triphyllum</i>. Some sites may have ground layers dominated by vascular plants (especially graminoids), others dominated by <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. One of the <i>Sphagnum</i> species associated with these forests may be a disjunct Coastal Plain species, <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum</i>. The variable composition of stands assigned here and the lack of understanding of the dynamics of this type (successional trends, disturbance, hydrology) mean that the type is somewhat poorly defined. More information is needed. |
Comm #2193
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Fagus grandifolia - Magnolia grandiflora - Pinus glabra - (Magnolia macrophylla) / (Illicium floridanum) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35681-{4C7D142D-343A-4730-85B0-102B5DB84EB6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This forest occurs in ravines and on broad upland flats, on somewhat acidic to circumneutral loamy soils which are not subject to flooding, or sometimes in temporarily flooded situations. These mesic to dry-mesic forests occur in hilly transitional areas from longleaf pine hills to stream bottoms, and are often best expressed in areas of steep slopes (or along alluvial flats). Canopies are diverse; some common trees are <i>Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus alba, Quercus pagoda, Quercus nigra, Quercus hemisphaerica, Pinus taeda, Pinus glabra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus americana, Quercus michauxii, Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Quercus laurifolia, Carya tomentosa</i> (in the north), <i>Carya glabra, Ulmus alata</i>, and <i>Pinus echinata</i>. Species in the subcanopy include <i>Acer floridanum, Acer rubrum, Oxydendrum arboreum, Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Ostrya virginiana, Prunus caroliniana, Prunus serotina, Symplocos tinctoria, Magnolia macrophylla</i> (rare to the west), <i>Halesia diptera, Styrax grandifolius, Sassafras albidum, Ilex opaca, Hamamelis virginiana, Crataegus marshallii, Morus rubra</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>. Common shrubs are <i>Illicium floridanum</i> (in some examples), <i>Ilex longipes</i> (in the west), <i>Ilex vomitoria, Callicarpa americana, Euonymus americanus, Hypericum hypericoides, Asimina parviflora, Osmanthus americanus</i> (rare to the west), <i>Viburnum dentatum, Amelanchier canadensis, Vaccinium arboreum, Chionanthus virginicus</i> (rare to the west), <i>Vaccinium elliottii, Aesculus pavia var. pavia, Ditrysinia fruticosa, Persea borbonia</i>, and rarely <i>Stewartia malacodendron</i>. Common woody vines include <i>Vitis rotundifolia, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax pumila, Smilax glauca, Smilax smallii, Berchemia scandens, Bignonia capreolata</i>, and <i>Lonicera sempervirens</i>. The herb layer includes a mix of <i>Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia, Solidago arguta var. boottii, Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum, Viola walteri, Arisaema triphyllum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Chasmanthium laxum, Carex</i> spp., <i>Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. setarius, Epifagus virginiana, Podophyllum peltatum, Uvularia perfoliata, Polygonatum biflorum, Mitchella repens, Trillium foetidissimum, Tipularia discolor, Polystichum acrostichoides, Dioscorea quaternata, Scleria</i> sp., <i>Aristolochia serpentaria, Sanicula canadensis, Lilium michauxii, Spigelia marilandica, Euphorbia corollata, Solidago caesia, Smilax herbacea</i> (very uncommon), and rarely <i>Chamaelirium luteum</i>. The troublesome exotics <i>Ligustrum sinense, Lygodium japonicum</i>, and <i>Lonicera japonica</i> are usually present to a greater or lesser degree in stands of this type. This association occurs in the central and eastern Florida parishes (essentially east of the Amite River) of eastern Louisiana, and extends eastwards into the Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Alabama, and western Florida. |
Comm #2194
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Pinus glabra - Quercus (laurifolia, michauxii) / Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana / Sabal minor Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35738-{3B90065C-88A6-4349-96F4-C93F0A6EBEB5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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The closed canopy of this Southeastern Coastal Plain stream forest is generally dominated by <i>Pinus glabra</i> and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i> and/or <i>Quercus michauxii</i>. Other floodplain oaks, <i>Quercus nigra, Pinus taeda</i>, and/or <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> may occur. <i>Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana</i> dominates the well-developed subcanopy stratum. <i>Sabal minor</i> may be common in at least some occurrences of this association. Shrubs may include <i>Hypericum galioides, Hypericum hypericoides, Ditrysinia fruticosa, Eubotrys racemosa, Cyrilla racemiflora, Styrax americanus, Crataegus marshallii, Vaccinium</i> spp., and <i>Rhododendron canescens</i>. Vines include <i>Berchemia scandens</i> and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>. Herbs may include <i>Chasmanthium laxum, Saccharum baldwinii, Carex joorii, Osmunda cinnamomea</i>, and <i>Mitchella repens</i>. The liverwort <i>Pallavicinia lyellii</i> may be present. This association occurs on natural levees of coastal plain streams, both blackwater and brownwater, in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, southern South Carolina, and Florida. |
Comm #2195
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Fagus grandifolia - Quercus alba - Quercus laurifolia / Galax urceolata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36048-{567D5EDD-52E3-401B-BC28-838554131DE1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This community occurs on moist river bluffs in the Outer Coastal Plain of North Carolina. <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> is a conspicuous and diagnostic component of the mixed canopy in stands of this type; other species include <i>Quercus alba, Quercus laurifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Quercus nigra, Ulmus americana, Quercus falcata</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i>. Shrubs can include <i>Sassafras albidum, Vaccinium elliottii, Calycanthus floridus, Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium fuscatum</i>. <i>Galax urceolata</i> is a conspicuous component of the herbaceous stratum. Soils are presumably strongly acidic, and the slope and proximity to rivers or streams maintains microclimates suitable for <i>Galax urceolata</i>. |
Comm #2196
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Quercus laurifolia - Quercus phellos / Viburnum dentatum - (Ditrysinia fruticosa) / Carex glaucescens Upper West Gulf Wet Flatwoods Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36129-{BC596E05-CAAE-46A3-B262-31F08F40F05E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This hardwood flatwoods forest is one of several described types known to occur in the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas, and probably Arkansas and Louisiana, as well as in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. It is found on broad, seasonally wet flats on high Pleistocene terraces which are not typically affected by overbank flooding from streams or rivers. The local landscape in which this type occurs is topographically variable with alternating mounds and depressions. Mounds may be only a few feet higher than depressions, but the difference contributes to local vegetation differences which are represented by different associations. As currently described, this association encompasses vegetation occurring in swales with varying hydroperiods and/or possibly varying soil nutrients, primarily areas with fairly substantial hydroperiods. The vegetation is characterized by <i>Quercus laurifolia</i> in the canopy often occurring with <i>Quercus phellos</i>. Understory components may include <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Nyssa biflora, Ditrysinia fruticosa, Sabal minor, Cephalanthus occidentalis</i>, and <i>Cornus foemina</i>. Areas with apparently slightly shorter hydroperiods or differing soil nutrients, characterized by a mixture of hydric to mesic oaks and other hardwoods in the canopy, including <i>Quercus phellos</i> which is often dominant, <i>Quercus pagoda, Quercus michauxii, Quercus nigra, Nyssa biflora</i>, and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica, </i>are accommodated by other associations. Subcanopy components include <i>Crataegus marshallii, Carpinus caroliniana, Ulmus alata, Ilex opaca, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. |
Comm #2197
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Alnus serrulata - Lindera benzoin / Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Carex tetanica Seepage Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36475-{46A5BA36-3010-4C39-8274-458239A89E41}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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The type is strictly confined to hillside seeps and lateral seepage zones in small stream bottoms of Central Appalachian Virginia. Physiognomically, this association is a patchwork of shrubs and small herbaceous openings. Mean total shrub stratum cover in four plots is 50%, and mean total herbaceous cover is 75%. Small trees are rooted along the edges of the shrublands in three plots. <i>Alnus serrulata</i> and <i>Lindera benzoin</i> are the dominant shrubs. <i>Aronia arbutifolia, Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia, Lyonia ligustrina var. ligustrina</i>, sapling <i>Acer rubrum</i>, sapling <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and sapling <i>Pinus strobus</i> are frequent shrub stratum associates. <i>Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis</i> strongly dominates the herbaceous layer in three of the four plots; <i>Carex tetanica</i> dominates the fourth plot. Sedge cover is generally high, with <i>Carex atlantica ssp. atlantica, Carex echinata ssp. echinata, Carex gracillima</i>, and <i>Carex leptalea</i> also common to locally abundant. <i>Selaginella apoda</i> and <i>Packera aurea</i> are relatively constant (75%) species that attain moderately high cover in one and two plots, respectively. Relatively constant herbaceous species with low mean cover include <i>Carex granularis, Dichanthelium dichotomum, Drosera rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, Glyceria striata, Linum striatum, Osmunda cinnamomea, Oxypolis rigidior, Phlox maculata ssp. pyramidalis, Solidago rugosa, Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens</i>, and <i>Viola cucullata</i>. |
Comm #2198
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Tsuga canadensis - Betula alleghaniensis / Ilex montana / Rhododendron catawbiense Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36573-{521111F4-5179-4F0C-9431-ABE68284EBE5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This community type is known only from seven locations in the Northern Blue Ridge and Ridge and Valley regions of west-central Virginia. It occurs in a narrow elevation range from 900-1170 m (3000-3840 feet). Sites are located on mesic to locally wet-mesic, lower slopes and terraces bordering small perennial streams and seeps in hollow-head concavities and ravines. Most sites for this community have a southerly aspect, and slopes are gentle. The overstory is dominated by <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>, with locally codominant <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> and <i>Quercus rubra</i>. <i>Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia acuminata, Nyssa sylvatica, Prunus serotina</i>, and <i>Quercus alba</i> are minor overstory and understory associates. Young <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> tends to dominate the lower tree layers. <i>Rhododendron catawbiense</i> dominates the shrub layer in moderately dense to very dense colonies. <i>Ilex montana</i> and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> are constant, low-cover shrub associates. Few herbs occur in the type. |
Comm #2199
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Quercus douglasii - Quercus wislizeni / Bromus sp. - Daucus pusillus Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36691-{794D7C67-5728-4AF8-81DD-C072D8824A46}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This oak woodland is found primarily in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County. Stands are found at low elevations (60-1160 m [200-3800 feet]) on all aspects of slopes that are primarily less than 45%. Soil textures vary and of granitic, metamorphic and some sedimentary parent material. Vegetation is dominated by <i>Quercus douglasii</i> and <i>Quercus wislizeni</i> with an understory of grasses that are mainly composed of <i>Bromus</i> sp. and <i>Daucus pusillus</i>. <i>Pinus sabiniana</i> may also be found occurring in this association. Shrubs that may be found here include <i>Ceanothus cuneatus, Toxicodendron diversilobum, Arctostaphylos</i> sp., <i>Heteromeles arbutifolia</i>, and <i>Rhamnus crocea</i>. Rarely occurring are <i>Aesculus californica, Pinus ponderosa, Quercus chrysolepis, Quercus kelloggii, Quercus lobata, Acer macrophyllum, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Adenostoma fasciculatum, Artemisia californica, Arctostaphylos viscida, Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber, Ceanothus leucodermis, Diplacus aurantiacus, Eriodictyon californicum, Frangula californica, Rhus trilobata, Ribes</i> sp., <i>Ribes californicum, Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea, Xylococcus bicolor, Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. californica</i>, and <i>Ericameria arborescens</i>. |
Comm #2200
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Carex filifolia - Penstemon heterodoxus Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36701-{E4E7776F-CAEB-4F29-BA55-E11BA1FBF69F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
6
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This herbaceous association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. This alpine grassland prefers open, rocky, dry habitats between 3050 and 3350 m (10,000-11,000 feet) of elevation. Aspects are generally south and west. Stands often grow on the upper margins of meadows, or just beyond the zone of seasonal soil saturation if the stand is adjacent to a lake. Soils are well-drained sands or loams. Stands of this highly diverse and open alpine grassland occur on dry sites at the upper edges of meadows. Most stands occur as patches between rock outcrops or intergrade into <i>Pinus contorta var. murrayana</i> or <i>Pinus albicaulis</i> woodlands. <i>Carex</i> sp. (<i>Carex exserta, Carex filifolia</i>) dominates the stands with 20% cover. Ninety species have been recorded in stands of this association, though none contribute much cover. The forb <i>Penstemon heterodoxus</i> is diagnostic, but only averages trace cover. Common graminoid associates include <i>Achnatherum nelsonii, Juncus parryi, Carex filifolia, Poa wheeleri, Poa stebbinsii, Trisetum spicatum</i>, and/or <i>Elymus elymoides</i>. Forb associates may include <i>Eriogonum incanum, Saxifraga aprica, Cistanthe umbellata, Gayophytum humile, Lupinus lepidus, Phlox diffusa, Phyllodoce breweri, Minuartia rubella</i>, and/or <i>Rumex paucifolius</i>. |
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