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Reference
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Description |
Comm #2221
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Betula nigra - Quercus laurifolia - Taxodium (distichum, ascendens) / Crataegus aestivalis Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33115-{70262831-A36C-4E3F-8850-3E64B7882DD8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association is found in southern North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia in the Outer Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. It occurs on relatively young deposits of sand along blackwater rivers, generally on point bars, but sometimes as a poorly developed natural levee along other portions of the river. These substrates are older and more stable than those of the open sand bar communities but younger than those of other floodplain communities. Vegetation is of varying structure, ranging from forest to woodland, often with leaning trees and no clearly defined strata. The canopy is generally dominated by <i>Betula nigra, Taxodium</i> sp., and various bottomland oaks. <i>Crataegus aestivalis, Fraxinus caroliniana</i>, and in more southerly areas, <i>Planera aquatica</i> are often present. Shrubs are generally sparse, but patches of <i>Cyrilla racemiflora, Alnus serrulata, Vaccinium elliottii</i>, or other species of riverbanks or bottomland hardwoods may be present. Herbs are generally sparse. They most typically include species of open bars, such as <i>Panicum rigidulum</i>, and may also include species of swamps, such as <i>Polygonum</i> spp. and <i>Hymenocallis</i> spp. |
Comm #2222
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Taxodium ascendens / Ilex myrtifolia / Hypericum myrtifolium / Lobelia floridana - Polygala cymosa Swamp Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33728-{FA016820-7277-464C-B5B4-D69ECCDCB7F7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This dome swamp association occurs embedded in pine flatwoods. <i>Taxodium ascendens</i> dominates the canopy (often essentially monospecific), but sometimes with lesser amounts of <i>Pinus elliottii var. elliottii</i> or <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. <i>Ilex myrtifolia</i> is common in the understory. Other characteristic species include <i>Arnoglossum ovatum, Asclepias lanceolata, Coelorachis rugosa, Coreopsis nudata, Dichanthelium erectifolium, Dichanthelium scoparium, Dichanthelium wrightianum, Eleocharis tuberculosa, Eriocaulon decangulare, Hypericum myrtifolium, Juncus polycephalos, Lobelia floridana, Ludwigia pilosa, Oxypolis filiformis, Pinguicula planifolia, Polygala cymosa, Rhexia virginica, Rhynchospora careyana, Rhynchospora corniculata, Rhynchospora filifolia, Rhynchospora</i> spp., <i>Sabatia bartramii, Scleria baldwinii, Woodwardia virginica</i>, and <i>Xyris</i> spp. |
Comm #2223
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Rhododendron catawbiense - Pieris floribunda Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33302-{CB2FF9FB-F5A0-4DB5-B7F3-3F38E55A87C0}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association comprises dense, montane shrub thickets dominated by <i>Rhododendron catawbiense</i> and <i>Pieris floribunda</i>, typically at elevations over 1670 m (5500 feet), on steep, rocky, dry, southwestern to southeastern exposures. This shrubland does not occur north of the Asheville Basin and is known from occurrences in Balsam Mountain (Devil's Courthouse, Silvermine Bald, Shining Rock, Tanasee Bald, Mt. Pisgah). Other shrub species can include <i>Aronia melanocarpa, Kalmia latifolia, Amelanchier laevis, Ilex montana, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Prunus serotina, Sorbus americana, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium pallidum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>. Herb cover is sparse beneath the dense shrub canopy but may include such species as <i>Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Oclemena acuminata, Eurybia chlorolepis, Eurybia macrophylla, Carex pensylvanica, Galax urceolata, Listera smallii</i>, and <i>Prenanthes</i> sp. This community occurs adjacent to spruce - fir and Northern hardwood forests and montane grasslands dominated by <i>Danthonia compressa</i> and <i>Carex pensylvanica</i>. This community typically is of shorter stature on the most exposed sites over 1830 m (6000 feet) elevation. |
Comm #2224
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Tortella tortuosa - Cladonia pocillum - Placynthium spp. Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33956-{56771EDF-09BC-48B8-B823-DBA70AB80F98}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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Alvar nonvascular pavement is a rock outcrop community that occurs throughout the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, from central and southern Ontario to northern parts of Michigan, Ohio, and New York. Stands occur on flat limestone and dolostone outcrops (pavements). Soils of alvar nonvascular pavement are either lacking or very shallow (usually less than 10 cm deep). This community typically has a soil moisture regime characterized by severe summer drought, as well as high summer temperatures. Alvar nonvascular pavements usually occur in a patchy landscape mosaic with other alvar communities, including annual alvar pavement-grassland, creeping juniper - shrubby-cinquefoil alvar pavement, little bluestem alvar grassland, tufted hairgrass wet alvar grassland, and juniper alvar shrubland. Alvar nonvascular pavement consists of exposed, flat limestone or dolostone pavement that is sparsely vegetated with a mosaic of mossy patches and exposed bedrock that is covered with crustose and foliose lichens. In the mossy patches, characteristic mosses are <i>Tortella tortuosa</i>, other <i>Tortella</i> spp., and <i>Tortula ruralis</i>; a characteristic lichen is <i>Cladonia pocillum</i>. On exposed pavement patches, characteristic lichens are <i>Placynthium nigrum</i> and <i>Dermatocarpon cf. miniatum</i>. Very small herbs (under 15 cm [6 inches] tall), grow in the mossy patches, including <i>Saxifraga virginiensis, Penstemon hirsutus, Potentilla norvegica, Trichostema brachiatum, Fragaria virginiana, Minuartia michauxii var. michauxii</i>, and <i>Houstonia longifolia</i>. Some taller herbs and low shrubs grow primarily in slightly deeper soils of rock crevices that crisscross the pavement, including <i>Solidago nemoralis, Symphoricarpos albus, Vitis riparia, Aquilegia canadensis</i>, and <i>Hieracium piloselloides</i>. There is usually less than 15% cover of herbs. Usually a few trees and shrubs are rooted in deep crevices of the pavement; characteristic trees and shrubs that occur sparsely include <i>Thuja occidentalis, Juniperus communis, Betula papyrifera, Juniperus virginiana, Juglans cinerea</i>, and <i>Picea glauca</i>. There is less than 10% total cover of trees, and less than 10% total cover of shrubs. There is a lot of exposed bedrock, and much of it is covered with lichens and mosses (average cover of lichens and mosses is about 55%). |
Comm #2225
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Mimulus guttatus - (Mimulus spp.) Seep
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34068-{F19B4908-77B2-4547-9129-4BC1325060D1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This small community is known from California's Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada below 1220 m (4000 feet) elevation, and northeastern California, as well as central and southern Utah and Colorado. <i>Mimulus guttatus</i> is a small, delicate herb growing within the splash zone of small first-order streams, seeps, springs and hanging gardens. It occurs from 300 to 2390 m (1000-7840 feet) in elevation. This community is often found in narrow linear strips, occasionally broadening into small hollows, often overlooked for sampling, but universally recognized. It can occur on very steep cascades and waterfalls, on flat to steep seeps, or along gentle streams and floodplains (3-5%). The floristic composition is variable; several different species of <i>Mimulus</i> (<i>Mimulus guttatus, Mimulus lewisii, Mimulus moschatus</i>) may be the most dominant present. Generally mosses are present, as well as several other water-dependent herbaceous plants such as <i>Stellaria media, Collinsia heterophylla, Cardamine</i> spp., <i>Eleocharis</i> spp., <i>Epilobium</i> spp., <i>Equisetum arvense, Carex</i> spp., <i>Salix</i> spp., <i>Juncus</i> spp., <i>Veronica americana, Nasturtium officinale, Cardamine</i> spp., and <i>Nasturtium</i> spp. Graminoid species are usually present as well, often less abundant than the forb component, but usually very mesic. |
Comm #2226
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Acer rubrum - Fraxinus nigra - (Larix laricina) / Rhamnus alnifolia Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34660-{8E23EE31-9621-4805-9BA1-EC6FC8B8F7DD}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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These calcareous or circumneutral seepage swamps of the northeastern United States have moderate to closed canopies and a rich herb layer influenced by calcium-rich groundwater seepage. These can occur along streams or at headwaters in areas of calcareous bedrock. Soils are saturated, organic muck or peat that can be quite deep. The canopy is dominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Larix laricina</i>, with <i>Fraxinus nigra</i> sometimes prominent. Canopy associates include <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus, Carpinus caroliniana</i>, and <i>Picea rubens</i>, the latter especially in the north or at higher elevations. Shrub cover varies with canopy cover and can be quite dense; typical species include <i>Toxicodendron vernix, Rhamnus alnifolia, Cornus sericea, Salix candida, Ilex verticillata, Vaccinium corymbosum</i>, and occasionally <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> and <i>Betula pumila</i>. The diverse herb layer is characterized by <i>Saxifraga pensylvanica, Caltha palustris, Cardamine bulbosa, Geum rivale, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex leptalea, Carex interior, Carex stricta, Carex lacustris, Carex flava, Solidago patula, Iris versicolor, Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum, Cardamine douglassii, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris cristata, Solidago patula, Packera aurea</i>, and <i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i>; plus <i>Cypripedium reginae, Cypripedium parviflorum</i>, and <i>Platanthera dilatata</i>. |
Comm #2227
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Hudsonia tomentosa - Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Dwarf-shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34791-{6105D182-305B-49B0-9772-FEAC4BD7C2E7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association comprises dune heathlands of the north Atlantic coast from southern Maine to Long Island, New York, dominated by <i>Hudsonia tomentosa</i>. It occurs in well-developed dune systems in the lee side of primary dunes or on secondary dunes with active sand deposition and movement. <i>Hudsonia tomentosa</i> is a dominant as well as keystone species of this community, binding sand in place and forming more suitable habitat for other plants to become established. Associated herbs generally occur in low abundance and include <i>Polygonella articulata, Lechea maritima, Deschampsia flexuosa, Minuartia caroliniana, Ionactis linariifolius, Solidago sempervirens, Lathyrus japonicus, Artemisia stelleriana, Carex silicea, Chamaesyce polygonifolia, Cyperus polystachyos</i>, and scattered <i>Ammophila breviligulata</i>. Older, more stabilized dunes tend to have greater species diversity and less sand deposition. In these areas <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> can displace <i>Hudsonia tomentosa</i> or codominate, and Asteraceae species and <i>Cladonia</i> spp. are common. Scattered individuals of <i>Morella pensylvanica, Rosa rugosa, Prunus maritima</i>, or <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i> may occur within this community. |
Comm #2228
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Carya glabra - Quercus (rubra, montana) - Fraxinus americana / Viburnum rafinesqueanum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34856-{8F25790C-A8AF-4316-9A85-B3D6CE063B05}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This dry oak-hickory forest occurs on elevated bedrock terraces above the Potomac River for several miles below Great Falls. These level to gently sloping metamorphic bedrock terraces are 12-15 m (40-50 feet) above the river level and are subject to very rare (30- to 85-year) flood events. The community is a stunted forest dominated by <i>Carya glabra, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Quercus montana</i> occurring with <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. Other characteristic woody species include <i>Juniperus virginiana, Ostrya virginiana, Chionanthus virginicus, Viburnum rafinesqueanum, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium pallidum</i>, and <i>Ptelea trifoliata</i>. The herbaceous layer is dense to moderately dense, species-rich, and usually dominated by grasses and sedges, especially <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum, Danthonia spicata</i>, and <i>Carex albicans var. albicans</i>. Spring ephemerals, such as <i>Cardamine angustata, Erythronium americanum, Claytonia virginica, Corydalis flavula</i>, and <i>Phacelia dubia</i>, are frequent, while lithophytes on and around rock outcrops include <i>Arabis lyrata, Cardamine parviflora, Scutellaria saxatilis</i>, and <i>Asplenium platyneuron</i>. The introduced invasive plants <i>Microstegium vimineum, Vinca minor, Alliaria petiolata</i>, and <i>Lonicera japonica</i> are problematic in most stands of the type. This community is distinguish by its unique environmental setting on ancient river terraces, its species composition indicative of high base substrate, and its high species richness, with values frequently ranging between 70 and 100 species per 400 m2. |
Comm #2229
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Cornus foemina / Berchemia scandens Wet Scrub
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35630-{E57B60ED-A1AA-46E9-8913-A31CB0928A36}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association represents peaty wetlands developed in old interdune swales along the North Carolina coast. Examples are dominated by a 4- to 10-m canopy of <i>Cornus foemina</i>, generally with dense thickets of <i>Berchemia scandens</i>. A sparse, emergent supercanopy of <i>Pinus taeda</i> is often present. Various marsh grasses and forbs can occur in the herb stratum, including <i>Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense, Pluchea</i> sp., <i>Bidens</i> sp., and others. |
Comm #2230
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Typha latifolia - Caltha palustris Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34892-{8351B129-17D0-4F06-B552-21CDEAFC394D}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This community is a tall herbaceous wetland of calcareous, groundwater-saturated sloughs, abandoned meanders, depressions, and toeslope spring overflows on large stream or river floodplain terraces in carbonate rock districts of the Ridge and Valley region. Soils typically have a surface horizon of organic muck (about 10 cm), or occasionally fibric peat, below which is a deep, gleyed or reduced clay with some organic matter. Soil samples collected from plots are slightly acidic to moderately alkaline, with very high calcium, magnesium, and total base saturation levels. Sites are more-or-less permanently saturated or flooded by perched groundwater or seepage inputs. The vegetation resembles a stratified, tall marsh and is usually dominated by <i>Typha latifolia</i> and <i>Caltha palustris</i>. More locally, <i>Acorus americanus</i> and <i>Menyanthes trifoliata</i> are dominant or codominant in stands. Other characteristic species include <i>Carex emoryi, Impatiens capensis, Leersia virginica, Lysimachia terrestris, Peltandra virginica, Carex tetanica, Sagittaria latifolia, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani</i>, and <i>Scirpus atrovirens</i>. In the absence of active disturbance regimes, habitats supporting this community appear susceptible to invasion by <i>Salix</i> spp. and other woody swamp plants. The ecological dynamics of this very rare vegetation type are poorly understood. Although it may have originated from some form of disturbance, its restriction to two very unusual wetland habitats located miles apart, as well as the lack of invasive introduced species in its composition, suggests that the type is natural. |
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