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Comm #2241	Pinus rigida / Carex pensylvanica Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35029-{4C1BE0C1-D26D-492F-B4DE-8B856869B63E}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This pitch pine woodland of xeric sandy soils occurs in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, possibly ranging north to New England. <i>Pinus rigida</i> is the dominant tree, with <i>Sassafras albidum</i> a common associate. The sparse shrub layer is made up of <i>Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Quercus ilicifolia</i>. Vines may be common, including <i>Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia</i>. <i>Carex pensylvanica</i> forms a well-developed herbaceous layer, with <i>Hudsonia ericoides</i> and bryophytes <i>Leucobryum glaucum, Cladina subtenuis, Cladonia squamosa</i> also contributing cover. This community is anthropogenic in origin, but is also known to occur on paleodunes in the New Jersey Pine Barrens.<br /><br />In New Jersey, pitch pine-sedge uplands (PU7) are small-patch, mid-successional forests and woodlands found in much of the Pinelands, especially in sandy areas near wetlands and anthropogenic disturbance sites. The forests often have a closed to partially-open canopy strongly dominated by <i>Pinus rigida</i>, sometimes with minor amounts of <i>Pinus echinata</i> or <i>Pinus virginiana</i> in peripheral areas of the Pinelands. Tree-oaks are typically absent, but can be present in the midstory with 1-5% cover, including <i>Quercus velutina, Quercus stellata</i>, and <i>Quercus marilandica</i>. <i>Sassafras albidum</i> is also a common midstory associate. A shrub oak stratum is typically absent, but minor amounts of shrub-form <i>Quercus marilandica</i> and <i>Quercus ilicifolia</i> are sometimes present with covers of less than 5%. Fire-sensitive hardwoods and holly are rare or absent. Low heath shrubs are usually absent, but can include small amounts of <i>Gaylussacia baccata, Gaylussacia frondosa, Vaccinium pallidum</i>, and <i>Kalmia angustifolia</i>. The ground cover is typically dominated by <i>Carex pensylvanica</i>, which is diagnostic. Other herbs can also include <i>Panicum virgatum, Schizachyrium scoparium, Pteridium aquilinum, Gaultheria procumbens, Hudsonia ericoides</i>, and <i>Cladonia</i> or <i>Cladina</i> spp., especially under canopy openings.
Comm #2242	Acer rubrum / Alnus incana - Ilex verticillata / Osmunda regalis Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35039-{C3827CD7-A2F2-4EB2-8C51-CF613DA1425E}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This open-canopy red maple wetland occurs as part of peatlands in central and northern New England. It occurs in basin peatlands at elevations below 305 m (1000 feet), typically in a peripheral area of a larger peatland. The soils are <i>Sphagnum</i>-derived organic soils that remain saturated. Some minerotrophy is evident; these are fens rather than true bogs. Canopy cover ranges from quite open to about 65%, and the shrub layer is generally well-developed. Herb cover varies, but may be as high as 80%. The bryoid layer is usually more-or-less continuous. <i>Acer rubrum</i> is the dominant tree; associates may include <i>Picea mariana, Abies balsamea</i>, and <i>Larix laricina</i>. <i>Larix laricina</i> may be codominant with <i>Acer rubrum</i>, or dominant in occasional cases. The shrub layer is dominated by <i>Ilex verticillata</i>, in variable association with other species such as <i>Ilex mucronata, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Alnus incana, Myrica gale, Lyonia ligustrina</i>, and <i>Spiraea alba var. latifolia</i>. The herbaceous layer generally includes <i>Osmunda regalis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Coptis trifolia, Thelypteris palustris</i>, and <i>Onoclea sensibilis</i>. <i>Carex trisperma</i> is the most frequent and abundant sedge; <i>Carex canescens</i> is often present but less abundant. The bryophyte layer is characterized by <i>Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum centrale</i>, and others. This association is distinguished by its deep peat soils, peatland setting, open red maple-dominated canopy, and lack of any richness indicators.
Comm #2243	Platanus occidentalis - Acer saccharinum - Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Boehmeria cylindrica - Carex emoryi Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35114-{C60BA739-3554-4514-B228-D63EB8A90A61}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This community is restricted to the Ridge and Valley and Piedmont sections of the Potomac River floodplain, where it occurs on scoured shorelines in high-gradient reaches where there is a combination of control by bedrock and alluvial processes. Stands are usually on the active channel shelf but have some aspects of depositional bars. Sites are flooded annually and inundated about 3 to 7% of the year, mostly during the dormant season, and often but probably irregularly in the early growing season. Surface substrate is variable, averaging &gt;10% cover of bedrock and boulders in 14 plot samples. Two intergrading phases have been recognized and are described according to perceived differences in net rates of sediment erosion/accretion. In the eroding phase, the channel shelf surface is actively eroding along low channels often filled with cobbles and other coarse material, with finer soil being retained around tree bases. In the stable phase, vegetation holds finer sediments in place and provides an equilibrium between erosion and accretion. Stand physiognomy ranges from wooded herbaceous vegetation to nearly closed-canopy forest. In all expressions, some combination of <i>Platanus occidentalis, Acer saccharinum, Betula nigra</i>, and/or <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> dominate as the uppermost woody layer, which tends to be a woodland to open forest in the species-rich eroding phase and woodland or wooded herbaceous vegetation in the stable phase. Less constant species include <i>Ulmus americana, Diospyros virginiana, Juglans nigra, Quercus bicolor, Populus deltoides</i>, and <i>Salix nigra</i>. The shrub layer is absent to poorly developed, with battered individuals of <i>Cornus amomum, Cephalanthus occidentalis</i>, and <i>Salix caroliniana</i> the most frequent true shrubs. Woody vines, including <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Campsis radicans</i>, and <i>Vitis riparia</i>, are frequent. The herb layer is diverse and variable. The most constant and characteristic herbs in 14 plot samples are <i>Verbesina alternifolia, Boehmeria cylindrica, Polygonum punctatum, Eupatorium serotinum, Leersia virginica, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Carex emoryi</i> (locally abundant in large clones), <i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Polygonum virginianum, Teucrium canadense, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum, Pilea pumila, Chasmanthium latifolium</i>, and <i>Conoclinium coelestinum</i>.
Comm #2244	Quercus rubra - Acer rubrum - Betula spp. - Pinus strobus Ruderal Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35137-{3275C0A7-1F05-4E4E-B738-2D8A7233A290}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This deciduous to mixed forest of northern New England is a broadly defined community, usually developing after severe disturbance, including clearing, pasturing, logging, fires, severe hurricanes, or simply heavily fragmented residential development. While in some cases it is a successional type, it may persist in some settings, particularly where soils are limited, for example along ridgelines. The canopy trees are mostly 40-100 years old. The canopy ranges from somewhat open to closed; the shrub, herb and bryoid layers are patchy and rarely extensive. Composition is variable depending on site history. The canopy is usually mostly deciduous, dominated by a heterogeneous mixture of <i>Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. Typically these occur in association with light-requiring, wind-dispersed trees such as <i>Populus tremuloides, Populus grandidentata, Betula papyrifera, Betula populifolia, Fraxinus americana</i>, and <i>Prunus serotina</i>. Minor associates include <i>Picea rubens</i> and <i>Acer saccharum</i>. Understory species tend to reflect predisturbance conditions and include <i>Acer pensylvanicum, Corylus cornuta, Viburnum acerifolium</i>, or <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i> in the shrub layer. <i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i> is a typical low shrub, although it does not form a coherent layer. <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i> is characteristic and may be abundant in the herbaceous layer; other common herbs include <i>Trientalis borealis, Maianthemum canadense, Deschampsia flexuosa</i>, and <i>Aralia nudicaulis</i>. The bryophyte layer is of variable cover and may include <i>Polytrichum commune</i> and <i>Dicranum polysetum</i>. This association is differentiated from similar forests and woodlands by its thin canopy that usually includes early-successional species, particularly <i>Acer rubrum</i>, low abundance of tolerant hardwoods other than red oak, and the lack of a well-developed heath shrub layer (as is typical in oak-pine woodlands). Unlike oak and oak-pine forests to the south, <i>Quercus rubra</i> is the only oak species present in any abundance.
Comm #2245	Alnus serrulata - Salix nigra / Pilea (fontana, pumila) Tidal Shrub Swamp » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35273-{D08AE2E0-CFF7-4820-84B6-F29878CCC4CB}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This tidal alder - black willow shrubland of the Maryland and Virginia Coastal Plain occurs on the upper reaches of freshwater tidal rivers, forming a zone between adjacent freshwater tidal marshes and uplands. Microtopography is variable, ranging from pronounced hummocks and hollows to flat. The substrate is partially decomposed peat with sand or silt admixed. The shrub canopy is relatively open and dominated by <i>Salix nigra</i>, or mixed with other shrubs such as <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis, Acer rubrum, Acer negundo, Alnus serrulata, Cornus amomum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Corylus americana, Ilex verticillata, Lindera benzoin, Rosa palustris</i>, and <i>Viburnum dentatum</i>. Vines include <i>Mikania scandens, Apios americana</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. The herbaceous layer is relatively diverse and is composed of <i>Symphyotrichum novi-belgii, Boehmeria cylindrica, Galium obtusum, Hibiscus moscheutos, Impatiens capensis, Geum canadense, Cinna arundinacea, Leersia oryzoides, Peltandra virginica, Pilea pumila, Pilea fontana, Polygonum arifolium, Polygonum punctatum, Polygonum sagittatum</i>, and <i>Thalictrum pubescens</i>.
Comm #2246	Iva frutescens / Spartina patens Saline Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35277-{6202313D-CD87-4A32-A407-1CBA4A256156}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This maritime shrubland of the eastern Atlantic states occurs in association with salt marshes. In its natural condition, this community forms the ecotone between high salt marsh and adjacent upland vegetation. It also occurs in patches on areas of slightly higher elevation within the salt marsh or on spoil mounds adjacent to ditches. <i>Iva frutescens</i> is the most characteristic and dominant shrub species. <i>Spartina patens</i> is a characteristic and usually abundant grass, often occurring as a monoculture beneath the shrub canopy. Other common herbaceous associates include <i>Distichlis spicata</i> and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>; <i>Juncus gerardii</i> may also occur at the northern end of the range. Other less common associates may include <i>Cuscuta gronovii, Limonium carolinianum, Lythrum lineare</i>, and <i>Solidago sempervirens</i>. The vegetation is characterized by an open and relatively evenly spaced shrub stratum of short stature, rarely exceeding one meter in height, with a well-developed herbaceous layer, reflecting an intergrading of this community with the adjacent high salt marsh. Storm-induced disturbance causes periodic die-back of the shrubs restricting the extent of their spread.
Comm #2247	Quercus virginiana - Quercus hemisphaerica - Pinus taeda - Quercus falcata / Persea palustris Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35343-{D20E79E1-4EF3-4F1D-A452-34494B150E3D}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	These generally closed forests of the mainland coastal fringe of the Atlantic Coast have diverse canopies and well-developed shrub strata. Examples of this association resemble maritime forests of the region, but can be distinguished by a lack of salt pruning due to their occurrence along low, often moist, coastal areas protected from the most constant maritime influences. In addition, examples of this forest are also somewhat more diverse than typical maritime forests of the region and may support species typically lacking from maritime forests, such as <i>Quercus falcata</i> and <i>Carya glabra</i>. Vines are often conspicuous and abundant, but the herbaceous stratum is typically sparse and low in diversity and shares much in common with maritime forests. Canopies are dominated by <i>Quercus virginiana, Quercus hemisphaerica</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i>. Possibly the most constant and characteristic understory species is <i>Persea palustris</i>, although others may also be present.
Comm #2248	Pinus palustris / Quercus falcata / Erythrina herbacea / Aristida condensata Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35441-{677EF323-1D0D-405F-9FD9-54F527AD0EF7}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This subxeric association represents upland longleaf pine woodlands of isolated sand ridges of the highlands physiographic province of the northern Florida peninsula and may be remnants of formally widespread mixed pine-hardwood woodland of this region, colloquially known as "Red Oak Woods." Soils are sandy with high calcium content and low silt content. The open canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus palustris</i>, while the subcanopy layer is characteristically dominated by mesic upland hardwood species, including <i>Quercus falcata, Carya tomentosa, Quercus stellata, Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Morella cerifera</i>. <i>Erythrina herbacea</i> is a particularly diagnostic shrub species. The ground cover of this association is notable for its lack of <i>Aristida beyrichiana</i> as the dominant bunchgrass. Ground cover indicators of this community are species typical of mesic and subxeric woodlands, such as <i>Ageratina aromatica, Andropogon</i> spp., <i>Aristida condensata, Aristida lanosa, Clitoria mariana, Cyperus plukenetii, Dichanthelium aciculare, Dichanthelium oligosanthes, Pteridium aquilinum, Solidago odora, Sorghastrum secundum, Sporobolus clandestinus</i>, and <i>Tridens carolinianus</i>.
Comm #2249	Platanus occidentalis - Liquidambar styraciflua - (Ulmus americana) / (Crataegus viridis) Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35585-{8C19C995-040B-4211-8382-0D97A060C2A5}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This floodplain forest of the Upper East and West Gulf coastal plains has a canopy dominated by <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. Examples may be found on stabilized natural levees, point bars and first bottoms of large streams and rivers. Depending upon location and previous disturbance history (including hydrologic regime), a number of other tree species may also be present in lesser amounts. These may include <i>Ulmus americana, Carya illinoinensis, Nyssa biflora, Celtis laevigata, Populus deltoides, Quercus nigra, Salix nigra, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Betula nigra, Acer negundo</i>, and <i>Carya aquatica</i>. Shrubs are sparse to moderately dense in this community with covers ranging from 10-40%. Species may include <i>Crataegus viridis, Ilex decidua, Lindera benzoin, Carpinus caroliniana</i>, and <i>Aesculus pavia var. pavia</i>. Characteristic herbs include <i>Elymus hystrix, Boehmeria cylindrica, Chasmanthium latifolium</i>, and <i>Viola</i> spp. Patches of <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i> can be common in this community.
Comm #2250	Taxodium ascendens / Ilex myrtifolia Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35656-{1BACCBEA-8178-4F80-8348-DE5CEB2E5D8B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This forest, dominated by a moderate to dense canopy of <i>Taxodium ascendens</i> over <i>Ilex myrtifolia</i>, occurs in depressions on the Coastal Plain from southern North Carolina south to panhandle and peninsular Florida, and west to Alabama and Louisiana. Other characteristic species in the canopy, which can occasionally share dominance with <i>Taxodium ascendens</i> are <i>Nyssa biflora</i> and (from southeastern South Carolina south) <i>Pinus elliottii var. elliottii</i>. Typical occurrences have a mostly closed canopy, little understory with shrubs and herbs established on fallen logs, tree bases or areas where the substrate is elevated. Deep areas may have rooted aquatics and surface water will be present for extended periods of the year.