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Description |
Comm #2251
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Taxodium distichum - Nyssa aquatica - Acer rubrum / Itea virginica Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35659-{40CFE6A6-622B-4388-8CA6-7BCDDBCDD7F0}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association includes seasonally flooded swamps dominated by <i>Taxodium distichum</i> with <i>Nyssa aquatica</i> and other hardwood species, especially <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. Shrub species which may be present include <i>Itea virginica</i> and <i>Clethra alnifolia</i> (within its range). Cover of the herbaceous stratum varies from sparse to moderate and is often characterized by <i>Saururus cernuus</i> and may also include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Sagittaria latifolia</i>, and <i>Smilax</i> spp. In the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain and Gulf Coastal Plain, this community primarily occurs in sloughs which flood for 3-4 months annually. |
Comm #2252
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Acer rubrum var. trilobum - (Nyssa biflora) / Clethra alnifolia - (Persea palustris) Ruderal Wet Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35673-{8B85717A-EE1D-459C-8B0D-F98F723AF046}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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Forests of this association are often dominated by <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum</i> or <i>Acer rubrum var. rubrum</i> but may be codominated by <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. Other canopy components may include <i>Pinus serotina, Pinus taeda</i>, and <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i> on organic soils. The understory is dominated by pocosin shrubs, including <i>Clethra alnifolia, Lyonia lucida, Ilex glabra, Ilex coriacea</i>, and <i>Persea palustris</i> which may form a continuous layer in some occurrences. A tangle of vines, including <i>Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax laurifolia, Toxicodendron radicans, Decumaria barbara, Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>, are often present. This community occurs on extensive peat flats in the "tidewater" Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia. In Maryland, this community type is known from saturated peatlands associated with headwater basin swamps and an ancient oxbow swamp on the Maryland Coastal Plain. It is apparently the result of logging of <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i> (and other peatland) forests, followed by fire suppression. |
Comm #2253
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Salix nigra - Fraxinus pennsylvanica Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35922-{0FEA27F6-AC32-4343-894C-7AA6A9CA9B8D}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This forest occurs on moderately well-drained, sandy clay loam soils on lower convex slopes of levees of associated rivers in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and possibly in adjacent regions; global distribution needs assessment. These sites are temporarily flooded with a high frequency of flooding that is of shorter duration than in lower areas farther from the river. The mostly closed to closed canopy layer is strongly dominated by <i>Salix nigra</i>. Other typical species in the canopy include <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Platanus occidentalis</i>, and likely others. The shrub layer is sparse; species present include <i>Salix nigra, Taxodium distichum, Planera aquatica, Celtis laevigata, Platanus occidentalis, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer negundo</i>, and likely others. The herbaceous stratum typically is sparse. Species present in the herbaceous layer include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Saururus cernuus</i>, and others. The vine layer is absent to very sparse. |
Comm #2254
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Quercus pagoda - Quercus michauxii / Arundinaria tecta - Sabal minor / Chasmanthium laxum Wet Flatwoods Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36034-{F9D58AB4-9BD4-41BD-B008-A0C77104AF00}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This oak flat forest occurs on moist to wet flats in interstream divides in regions of very subdued topographic relief in the Outer Coastal Plain of South Carolina and Georgia. These communities never receive overland flooding from streams or rivers, though they may be affected by hurricane events. <i>Quercus pagoda</i> and <i>Quercus michauxii</i> are two of the most common canopy trees and characterize the community. Other canopy trees are <i>Quercus alba, Quercus virginiana, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Pinus taeda</i>, and <i>Pinus glabra</i>. The subcanopy is not a well-developed stratum. The shrub stratum varies from dense to scattered and is characterized by <i>Arundinaria tecta</i> and <i>Sabal minor</i>, which may dominate alone or in combination, but both are almost always present. Other shrubs include <i>Morella cerifera, Symplocos tinctoria, Bignonia capreolata</i>, and sometimes minor amounts of <i>Ilex glabra, Lyonia lucida, Leucothoe axillaris</i>, and <i>Eubotrys racemosa</i>. The herb stratum is usually dominated by <i>Chasmanthium laxum</i>, sometimes also with substantial <i>Chasmanthium sessiliflorum</i>. Other herbs are <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Woodwardia areolata, Juncus coriaceus</i>, and <i>Mitchella repens</i>. Patches of <i>Sphagnum</i> spp., especially <i>Sphagnum lescurii</i> occur in slight depressions. Hydrologically, the community lies near the conceptual boundary of upland and saturated communities; because of the very subdued topography, the water table is never far from the surface, and the ground is saturated for extended periods of time during the growing season. |
Comm #2255
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Calamagrostis cainii - Carex ruthii - Parnassia asarifolia / Sphagnum spp. Herbaceous Seep
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36061-{6144F7B1-0758-4F73-A029-BFAFB2047F3C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This is a herbaceous-dominated seepage slope community, 1-2 acres in size. It is known from a single location on Mount Le Conte in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. This community occurs on a steep, south-facing, exposed slope, at 1830 m (6000 feet) elevation. The site is thought to be a former landslide scar. It is a perennial seep, with small rock outcroppings. This community occurs in the spruce-fir zone and is adjacent to forests affected by balsam woolly adelgid (<i>Adelges piceae</i>). The vegetation is open with little or no shading by the surrounding forest. Graminoid species have almost continuous coverage, growing within large mats of <i>Sphagnum</i>. It is strongly dominated by <i>Calamagrostis cainii</i>. Other species with moderate coverage include <i>Carex ruthii, Carex misera, Gentiana linearis</i>, and <i>Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>. Additional herbaceous species include <i>Carex debilis, Glyceria nubigena, Hypericum graveolens, Krigia montana, Parnassia asarifolia</i>, and <i>Solidago glomerata</i>. Shrubs and small trees may be scattered within the seep but are more prominent around the perimeter. Woody species include <i>Abies fraseri, Picea rubens, Prunus pensylvanica, Rhododendron catawbiense, Rubus canadensis</i>, and <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>. |
Comm #2256
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Platanus occidentalis - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Celtis laevigata - (Liquidambar styraciflua) Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36096-{95B9C446-7532-496B-9A6F-796DB81EE015}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association includes forests of second ridges of big river floodplains in the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain of Arkansas and Mississippi. Stands are typically dominated by <i>Platanus occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Celtis laevigata</i>, possibly with <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. In addition, <i>Acer negundo</i> is common in most occurrences, and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> may be scarce. Most examples are likely to have had substantial removal of <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. Additional information from Tom Foti and Susan Carr to be added later. |
Comm #2257
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Quercus alba - Quercus stellata / Ostrya virginiana - Acer floridanum / Chasmanthium sessiliflorum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36508-{72CCDDD9-4ACF-4829-BA34-7EC2A8D208EA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This dry oak-hickory forest occurs on subcalcareous substrates in northern Alabama, northwestern Georgia, and possibly adjacent states. It is dominated by <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Quercus stellata</i>, with other canopy components including <i>Quercus shumardii, Quercus rubra, Carya glabra, Carya tomentosa</i>, and <i>Pinus echinata</i>. The subcanopy is well-developed and consists of <i>Ostrya virginiana, Acer floridanum, Nyssa sylvatica, Ulmus alata</i>, and <i>Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana</i>. Shrubs and woody vines include <i>Vaccinium stamineum, Crataegus</i> sp., <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Smilax glauca</i>. Herbs can include <i>Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Dichanthelium boscii, Dichanthelium</i> spp., and <i>Carex</i> spp. |
Comm #2258
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Polygonum cuspidatum Ruderal Wet Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36533-{479EDECC-D4F3-454A-A5A0-441078EE030C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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Examples of this vegetation type are significant (monocultural) stands of the exotic forb <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i>, which are found in temporarily flooded habitats such as scour bars. These disturbed habitats flood very frequently and have lots of light and rocky or sandy soil. Stands of this vegetation may be dense and shrubby, or somewhat more open. Species diversity is low, as the patches of <i>Polygonum</i> shade out other plant species. This vegetation ranges across the Southeast north at least to Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In North Carolina, this vegetation is found on scour bars and low rocky banks of the Nolichucky and French Broad rivers. In Kentucky, <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i> is found primarily along disturbed riverbanks and bars mostly in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains where it can form pure, dense stands. |
Comm #2259
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Schizachyrium scoparium - Schoenoplectus americanus - Juncus marginatus - Eupatorium serotinum Riverscour Wet Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36557-{2D8BAD27-8BE9-4E27-B2C6-F04C7291C2C9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This is a riverscour community of the Hiwassee and Ocoee rivers of southeastern Tennessee. In this temporarily flooded riverscour community, the herbaceous species occur in bedrock crevices. Dominant species can be <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i> (in the drier phase sites) or <i>Schoenoplectus americanus</i> (in the wetter phase sites). Other typical species include <i>Juncus marginatus, Eupatorium serotinum</i>, and scattered woody plants, including <i>Platanus occidentalis, Betula nigra</i>, and <i>Salix nigra</i>. |
Comm #2260
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Carex echinata - Solidago uliginosa / Sphagnum spp. Seepage Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36592-{E9A4D66E-F233-4154-9E92-45549D13C70A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This community is known from the Allegheny Mountains of Virginia and West Virginia. Stands occupy flat to gently sloping areas (0-5°) on terraces and toeslopes, and in open wetland mosaics along high-elevation (>1070 m [3500 feet]) headwater streams. Habitats typically have pronounced hummock-and-hollow microtopography. Groundwater discharge may be barely perceptible, or may appear as flowing seeps and braided streamlets. A thin but continuous cover of <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses is present on hummocks underlain by coarse gravel, mineral soil, clay, or bedrock with very low pH (about 3.7) and base status. This community type is predominantly herbaceous but contains patches of low shrubs and stunted trees, particularly <i>Picea rubens, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium angustifolium, Kalmia latifolia, Menziesia pilosa</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>, on larger hummocks. Herbaceous composition is somewhat variable, but dominants usually include <i>Carex echinata</i> and/or <i>Solidago uliginosa</i>. Other common herbs include <i>Eriophorum virginicum, Juncus effusus, Drosera rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, Sparganium erectum ssp. stoloniferum, Carex trisperma, Doellingeria umbellata, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex gynandra, Epilobium leptophyllum, Galium tinctorium, Viola cucullata, Scirpus cyperinus, Juncus subcaudatus, Juncus brevicaudatus, Rubus hispidus, Spiranthes cernua, Lycopus uniflorus, Lycopodium clavatum</i>, and <i>Platanthera clavellata</i>. Additional, less frequent herbaceous associates are <i>Carex baileyi, Carex intumescens, Carex leptalea, Dryopteris cristata, Gentiana clausa, Isoetes valida, Linum striatum, Pycnanthemum muticum</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora capitellata</i>. In West Virginia, dominant bryophyte species are <i>Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum rubellum, Sphagnum fallax</i>, and <i>Sphagnum papillosum</i>. |
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