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Reference
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Description |
Comm #2401
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Thuja plicata / Clintonia uniflora Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29383-{2966F3A9-0236-437A-90DF-08D0A26EBB81}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This association represents the warmest and driest <i>Thuja plicata</i>-dominated forests. Elevation range is 670 to 1530 m (2200-5000 feet). Stands occur on bottomlands, benches, and lower slopes with gentle to steep gradients, most often on gentle slopes. All aspects are represented. Soils are volcanic ash over glacial till or outwash with variable parent material. Soil textures are silt loams to mostly sandy loams, with high coarse fragments (16-63%). All soils are well- to moderately well-drained. <i>Thuja plicata</i> is dominant in the overstory and in the subcanopy as a reproducing tree. Undergrowth is characterized by scattered mesophytic herbs and subshrubs of which <i>Clintonia uniflora</i> is the most diagnostic. <i>Thuja plicata</i> is dominant or codominant and the characteristic tree (average cover ranges between 35 and 60%). <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix occidentalis, Pinus contorta</i>, and <i>Abies grandis</i> are often abundant codominants (average cover ranging from 10-30%). The shrub layer is relatively sparse with 5-10% cover. Shrub species present include <i>Paxistima myrsinites, Linnaea borealis, Mahonia repens</i>, and <i>Lonicera utahensis</i>. The herbaceous layer is not abundant, with a high variance in the forb and grass species present. <i>Goodyera oblongifolia, Chimaphila umbellata, Clintonia uniflora, Tiarella trifoliata, Coptis occidentalis, Orthilia secunda</i>, and <i>Viola orbiculata</i> are the more commonly encountered species, but with very low abundance (1-3%), occasionally with as much as 5% cover. <i>Clintonia uniflora</i>, while not present in all stands, is the indicator species for this relatively depauperate type; other indicators include <i>Tiarella trifoliata, Coptis occidentalis</i>, and <i>Adenocaulon bicolor</i>. |
Comm #2402
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Populus tremuloides / Artemisia tridentata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29481-{072CF5B8-E277-4AF3-A9DC-CEC701850531}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This quaking aspen forest association is known from the montane areas of the western United States including Wyoming, California, Oregon, Utah, Nevada, and Idaho. It is found on seasonally saturated soils on lower to middle slopes. Elevations range from 1800 to 3050 m (5900-10,000 feet). This association is characterized by <i>Populus tremuloides</i> as the dominant species in the tall-shrub or tree canopy, with an average cover of 30%. The canopy varies from 10-30 m in height. Occasional emergent conifers such as <i>Pinus monticola</i> and/or <i>Pinus jeffreyi</i> may be present. <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> is the dominant shrub. Other shrubs may include <i>Symphoricarpos rotundifolius</i> and <i>Rosa woodsii</i>. <i>Gayophytum diffusum</i> is the most common forb, though it is present in only half of the stands and at less than 1% cover. Several graminoid species may be present at low cover values including <i>Elymus elymoides, Bromus carinatus</i>, and/or <i>Bromus tectorum</i> (exotic). |
Comm #2403
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Populus tremuloides / Calamagrostis canadensis Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29483-{C3ED8015-D0DE-46A8-85A0-68A3028F3428}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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These lush, deciduous, riparian forests occur in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, Idaho, Colorado, and possibly Wyoming. Elevations range from 850 to 3170 m (2800-10,400 feet). Sites are riparian, occurring along stream terraces or floodplains, or upland on wet flats, benches, and gentle toeslopes where groundwater emerges as seeps. Substrates are often coarse-loamy soils over coarse alluvium. Stands have a moderately dense to dense tree canopy that is dominated by <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. Other trees present with low cover (<10%) may include <i>Pinus contorta</i>, or <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i>. The shrub layer is sparse to moderate (cover ranging from 0 to 30% cover) and composed of any of a variety of shrubs, such as <i>Alnus incana, Rosa</i> spp., <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Cornus sericea</i>, and several <i>Salix</i> spp., including <i>Salix geyeriana, Salix bebbiana</i>, and <i>Salix monticola</i>. Shorter shrub species present include <i>Symphoricarpos albus, Ribes lacustre</i>, and <i>Rosa acicularis</i>. The herbaceous layer is moderately dense to dense depending on shrub cover. It is dominated by the wet-site perennial graminoid <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. Other frequently occurring species include <i>Bromus ciliatus, Carex siccata, Equisetum arvense, Geranium richardsonii, Heracleum</i> spp., <i>Ligusticum porteri, Maianthemum stellatum, Mertensia ciliata, Senecio triangularis</i>, and <i>Viola</i> spp. These are usually in low abundance but occasionally can have as much as 30% cover individually. The introduced species <i>Poa pratensis, Poa palustris</i>, and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> may be present. The abundant and near uniform cover of the <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>-dominated herbaceous layer in the understory separates this type from other <i>Populus tremuloides</i> forests. |
Comm #2404
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Juniperus scopulorum / Cornus sericea Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29655-{BAD29F94-A94B-4484-BEA6-F506FAF98D25}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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In Colorado, this riparian woodland is common along desert streams and arroyos, and can occur on upper terraces with <i>Populus angustifolia - Juniperus scopulorum</i> woodlands on the lower floodplain. Stands have an open tree canopy of <i>Juniperus scopulorum</i> with an occasional upland species, such as <i>Juniperus monosperma</i>. The understory contains a few shrubs, such as <i>Cornus sericea</i>, and little herbaceous growth. Information on stands that occur outside Colorado will be added later. |
Comm #2405
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Populus fremontii - Fraxinus velutina Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29851-{D312B562-9428-4C2B-96FB-84F1CE6A064B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This is a lowland forested riparian association known from central and southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and southwestern Utah. Elevations range from 1200-1550 m. Sites are typically rocky or sandy banks of moderate-gradient streams (1.5%) that are frequently flooded (two-year recurrence interval). Soils have been reported as coarse-loamy over fragmental Typic Torrifluvents, and as cobbly riverwash, reflecting the coarse substrates of sites. <i>Populus fremontii</i> and <i>Fraxinus velutina</i> codominate young, moderate to dense canopies (>50% cover). <i>Acer negundo, Salix gooddingii, Juglans major, Alnus oblongifolia</i>, and <i>Celtis laevigata var. reticulata</i> are occasional canopy or subcanopy associates. Undergrowth is moderately diverse, but cover is low. In the shrub layer there are usually scattered individuals of <i>Baccharis salicifolia</i> and <i>Amorpha fruticosa</i>. The herbaceous layer has sparse to moderate cover. Common associates may include <i>Juncus saximontanus, Sphenopholis obtusata, Sporobolus cryptandrus, Muhlenbergia wrightii</i>, and <i>Datura wrightii</i>. Disturbed stands often have high cover of the introduced <i>Bromus diandrus, Bromus tectorum</i>, or some other exotics. |
Comm #2406
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Betula glandulosa / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29988-{147DE87B-3B31-41AC-B638-C969D54FEF41}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This seasonally flooded, cold-deciduous shrubland occurs in marshes in the subalpine and montane riparian zones. Elevations range from 900 m to over 1700 m (990-5580 feet). Stands can occur on beaver ponds, lakes, marshes, seeps, swales, and wet alluvial terraces adjacent to low-gradient meandering streams. They are found in areas where soils are saturated from snowmelt runoff for a significant part of the growing season, often on fens, where the vegetation receives water from seeps and springs. Soils are commonly Histosols, flooded until mid summer and saturated all year in many sites. Quaking mats are typical of many stands. <i>Betula glandulosa</i> dominates the canopy with a range of cover from 5 to 60%. The total shrub canopy ranges from sparse to moderate, and there are often large, open spaces between individual shrub clumps. Other shrubs present include <i>Salix planifolia, Salix geyeriana, Salix wolfii, Rhamnus alnifolia, Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Cornus sericea, Alnus incana</i>, and <i>Ribes</i> spp. The herbaceous undergrowth has high cover and is found on small hummocks. The dominant graminoid is <i>Carex utriculata</i>; several other species are typically present, in lower abundance and include <i>Calamagrostis stricta, Carex aquatilis, Carex livida</i>, and <i>Carex lasiocarpa</i>. Forb cover is variable, with occasional species being abundant. Forbs commonly present may include <i>Cicuta maculata, Comarum palustre, Mentha arvensis, Galium</i> spp., <i>Ranunculus sceleratus, Sparganium natans</i>, and <i>Thalictrum alpinum</i>. |
Comm #2407
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Chilopsis linearis Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30073-{D6FD78EC-2813-4D32-92CC-5AD06CE4288D}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This palustrine shrubland occurs along desert washes in the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico. Sites are intermittently flooded drainages on alluvial fans and basins from 960-1080 m (3135-3550 feet) elevation at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge. Stands in the Verde Valley at Tuzigoot National Monument occur on floodplains at around 1500 m. Substrates are generally sandy. The vegetation is characterized by a tall-shrub layer dominated by <i>Chilopsis linearis</i>. <i>Acacia greggii</i> may codominate in the tall-shrub layer, but <i>Prosopis velutina</i> generally has low cover (<10%). <i>Baccharis sarothroides</i> forms an open short-shrub layer in some stands. A sparse to moderately dense herbaceous layer is present and composed of a mixture of annual and perennial forbs and grasses. Common species include <i>Acalypha neomexicana, Amaranthus palmeri, Boerhavia coccinea, Bouteloua aristidoides, Urochloa arizonica, Eriogonum polycladon, Gutierrezia microcephala</i>, and <i>Setaria</i> spp. The exotic grass <i>Eragrostis lehmanniana</i> is present in some stands but at relatively low cover. |
Comm #2408
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Salix wolfii / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30146-{80672C76-DF5F-4D2C-8750-B9F16E75D11C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This riparian shrubland is a common community of very wet, high montane and subalpine sites throughout the western Rocky Mountains. It is common but never the most abundant type. It occurs on wet alluvial terraces, broad meadows and large seeps. It generally occupies low-gradient valleys and is almost never found adjacent to rapidly flowing water. It occurs from 2320 to 3260 m (7600-10,700 feet) in elevation. <i>Salix wolfii</i> dominates the low-statured upper canopy (<1.5 m in height) with continuous to patchy cover. Other shrubs are typically present but never codominant and include <i>Salix planifolia, Salix boothii, Salix geyeriana, Betula glandulosa</i>, and <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i>. The herbaceous layer is dominated by <i>Carex utriculata</i> but often has other graminoids, such as <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex microptera, Carex limosa</i>, and <i>Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, present in small amounts. Other graminoids present in trace quantities include <i>Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis, Phleum pratense, Danthonia intermedia</i>, and <i>Luzula comosa</i>. Forbs are few and include <i>Pedicularis groenlandica, Caltha leptosepala, Symphyotrichum foliaceum</i>, and <i>Swertia perennis</i>. In more disturbed stands, forbs such as <i>Cirsium arvense</i> and <i>Fragaria virginiana</i> may become common. |
Comm #2409
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Ericameria nauseosa / Pseudoroegneria spicata Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30239-{3747FDF6-A6D8-45C4-91F1-8DD3A72A3732}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This common rabbitbrush shrubland type is found in localized areas across the northern Great Plains of the United States. As described from the Dakotas, stands occur either on dry, steep slopes along roadcuts or in heavily grazed floodplains. In the Dakotas, the vegetation has an open structure, with clumps of shrubs around 0.5-1 m tall scattered over a medium-tall herbaceous layer. <i>Ericameria nauseosa</i> is the dominant shrub. Other less common shrubs include <i>Prunus virginiana</i> and <i>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>. The herbaceous layer may contain the graminoids <i>Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus</i> and <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i>. Forbs include <i>Melilotus officinalis</i>. Stands may contain a variety of other weedy species. Farther west, in Montana, the dominant graminoid is <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>. |
Comm #2410
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Sarcobatus vermiculatus / Pascopyrum smithii - (Elymus lanceolatus) Shrub Wet Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30417-{D4743CA4-746D-4BE7-970A-9DB3C9613017}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
5
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This greasewood shrub prairie is found in saline habitats in the northwestern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. Stands occur on flat to gently sloping alluvial fans, terraces, lakebeds, and floodplains. The soil is usually deep clay, silty clay, sandy clay, or loam, although coarse soils are possible. They are saline or alkaline, but salt crusts on the surface are typically absent. Parent material is usually alluvium. This community has moderate to dense vegetation cover. Medium-tall (0.5-1.5 m) shrubs are scattered throughout with a total shrub canopy of 10-25%. The shrub layer is dominated by <i>Sarcobatus vermiculatus</i>, with <i>Artemisia tridentata, Atriplex confertifolia</i>, and <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i> in smaller amounts. <i>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i> and <i>Rhus aromatica</i> are sometimes found in more mesic microhabitats within this community. Herbaceous cover is sparse beneath the shrubs and otherwise moderate to dense. The dominant species are typically 0.5-1 m tall. The most abundant species is <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i>, usually accompanied by <i>Bouteloua gracilis, Bromus arvensis, Bromus tectorum</i>, and <i>Hesperostipa comata</i>. Few forbs are found in this community. <i>Achillea millefolium</i> and <i>Opuntia polyacantha</i> are the only species with high constancy. Overall species diversity in this community is low. |
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