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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #2411	Festuca idahoensis - Pseudoroegneria spicata Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30533-{17184163-4BB8-45FB-A175-73FAD8B6B78E}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This mid-grassland is abundant in western Montana, southern Idaho and eastern Washington near the Snake River. It also occurs in northeastern California. It occurs at 900 to 2300 m (2950-7500 feet) elevation, on mostly gently rolling to flat topography, but can be found on relatively steep slopes as well. It tends to occur more on northerly exposures at the lower elevations and on southerly exposures at the higher elevations. The vegetation is characterized by the presence and dominance of <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> and <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i> and usually <i>Poa secunda</i>. Cover ranges from 5-60% for each species, and their combined cover is usually much greater than any forb component present. Commonly associated graminoid species include <i>Carex filifolia, Danthonia intermedia, Leymus cinereus, Poa cusickii, Koeleria macrantha, Hesperostipa comata</i> and <i>Achnatherum occidentale</i>. Forb species composition varies, depending on aspect and geographic distribution. Total forb cover ranges from 3 to 33%. Common forb species include <i>Achillea millefolium, Antennaria rosea, Lupinus sericeus, Arenaria congesta, Lithophragma glabrum</i>, and <i>Phlox hoodii</i>. Scattered low-stature shrubs may be present and include <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Ericameria nauseosa</i>, and <i>Artemisia tridentata</i>.
Comm #2412	Festuca campestris - Pseudoroegneria spicata Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30538-{34624660-1A6D-426D-A203-3113BE0BD186}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This <i>Festuca campestris</i> association is found in the northwestern Great Plains, and on the slopes of the Front Range of Montana and Alberta, Canada. It occurs between 823 and 1890 m (2700-6200 feet) elevation, on level topography and steep slopes of all aspects. Soils are loamy and moderately deep. This midgrass community is fairly arid and heavily dominated by <i>Festuca campestris</i>. <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i> is abundant, while <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> is common. Other graminoids that may be found are <i>Bouteloua gracilis, Muhlenbergia cuspidata</i>, and <i>Hesperostipa comata</i>. Forbs may include <i>Heterotheca villosa, Liatris punctata</i>, and <i>Lupinus sericeus</i>. The short shrubs <i>Artemisia frigida</i> and <i>Gutierrezia sarothrae</i> are also common. This association is differentiated from <i>Festuca campestris - Festuca idahoensis</i> associations by the conspicuous abundance of <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>. In addition, <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> is generally less abundant than <i>Festuca campestris</i>.
Comm #2413	Muhlenbergia asperifolia Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30688-{030AF685-83A6-4FFD-99EC-64D7C6595FE6}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	In Colorado, these alkaline meadows are restricted to poorly drained low lands and alkaline soils. Stands are characterized by sparse cover of <i>Muhlenbergia asperifolia</i> and <i>Spartina gracilis</i>. Information on stands that occur outside Colorado will be added later.
Comm #2414	Sparganium angustifolium Aquatic Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30899-{57E11DC1-2217-4596-9072-7960206E8756}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This aquatic association has been found in California, Oregon, Washington and Colorado, but likely occurs in many parts of montane, subalpine, alpine and boreal North America as this circumboreal species is reported from the western and northeastern U.S., Great Lakes region, across Canada and Alaska and likely is has a much wider distribution. This hydromorphic-rooted vegetation occurs in shallow water to 1 m deep. Stands occur in saturated or inundated sites such as swales and wet meadows and marshes, shallow ponds and near the shoreline of deeper ponds and lakes. Sites are generally permanently flooded but can be semipermanently flooded areas that lack standing water towards the end of the growing season. If the stand has dried, then bare soil and small rocks are exposed. The ponds are often located in mountain parks or meadows and are the result of stream oxbows or glacial basins in broad valleys. Soils are typically very poorly drained muck or peat and can contain embedded cobbles or rocks. Stands grow equally well on either gravelly or muddy bottoms. Salinity of water varies with the different parent materials. Diagnostic of this aquatic community is the strong dominance of <i>Sparganium angustifolium</i>. Vegetation consists of moderately dense mats of the hydromorphic-rooted plant <i>Sparganium angustifolium</i>. These vegetation mats are rarely over 0.6 m thick and may be much less depending on the depth of the pond. Stunted individuals may be less than 10 cm tall. Associated species with low cover include <i>Alisma triviale, Beckmannia syzigachne, Carex utriculata, Cicuta douglasii, Eleocharis palustris, Equisetum fluviatile, Galium trifidum, Glyceria borealis, Hippuris vulgaris, Lemna minor, Sium suave</i>, or <i>Typha</i> spp. Diagnostic of this aquatic association is the dominance of <i>Sparganium angustifolium</i>.
Comm #2415	Nyssa aquatica Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31327-{AF5426B9-8149-43DB-942D-658E0F560AD2}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This semipermanently flooded water tupelo swamp forest is found in the Coastal Plain from Virginia south to Florida, west to Texas, and north in the Mississippi delta region to Missouri, Illinois, and Kentucky. Stands occur on permanently saturated soils on low, wet flats and sloughs, swales and backswamps, and the association is more common on floodplains of brownwater, rather than blackwater, rivers. Both organic and mineral soils may be present. The vegetation is dominated by dense, and occasionally pure, stands of <i>Nyssa aquatica</i> but often in association with <i>Taxodium distichum</i> (never very abundant in this type), <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Planera aquatica, Nyssa biflora, Gleditsia aquatica, Fraxinus profunda</i>, and <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i>. The herbaceous layer is conspicuously sparse, and density is wholly dependent upon the extent and duration of flooding. Where water is permanent, herbaceous plants rely on substrates found on rotting logs, stumps, terraces, and buttresses of trees. Subcanopy density and forest tree recruitment are poor due to fluctuating water levels.
Comm #2416	Fraxinus pennsylvanica - (Ulmus americana) / Symphoricarpos occidentalis Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30997-{7B5A6554-8D16-4F45-8CEF-35739A9F1101}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This ash - elm forest type is found in the northeastern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. Stands are found on nearly level floodplains and lower terraces of rivers and streams, generally away from the river on older, stabilized sites. The water table may be relatively deep on higher terraces, allowing drier species to establish. Soils are typically clays or silty clays. The tree layer is variable in structure, ranging from open (25-50%) to closed (50% or more) canopy. <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> is the leading dominant. In some parts of the range <i>Juniperus scopulorum</i> is present in the subcanopy, particularly where the canopy is still open. <i>Populus deltoides</i> may be present as an emergent. Emergent <i>Populus deltoides</i> may also occur under a canopy of <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, reflecting a successional shift in some stands. <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> is common in the subcanopy and sapling layer, and, in some stands, <i>Ulmus americana</i> may be an associate. <i>Acer negundo</i> may only be occasionally present in some parts of the range. The dominant shrub is <i>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>. Other shrub species may be present, including <i>Cornus sericea, Rosa woodsii</i>, and <i>Rhus aromatica</i>. A variety of herbs may be present, none at high cover values, including <i>Elymus canadensis, Maianthemum stellatum, Melilotus officinalis, Muhlenbergia racemosa, Parthenocissus vitacea, Poa pratensis, Thalictrum dasycarpum</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron rydbergii</i>.
Comm #2417	Populus tremuloides / Prunus virginiana Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31039-{37EFAD58-E744-428B-9821-8A752CDA0415}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This aspen / choke cherry woodland is found in the north-central Great Plains of the United States and Canada and extends west into southwestern Wyoming . Stands occur on well-drained loam or clay loam soils. The canopy is open to dense. It is dominated by <i>Populus tremuloides</i>, with <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> a common associate. <i>Betula papyrifera</i> can be present to abundant. The shrub layer is very well-developed. It is dominated by <i>Prunus virginiana</i> and may contain <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Corylus</i> spp., <i>Rosa</i> spp., and <i>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>. <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Maianthemum stellatum</i>, and <i>Galium boreale</i> are typically found in the herbaceous layer.
Comm #2418	Artemisia longifolia Badlands Sparse Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31104-{C83DC356-32B6-4D19-8EE6-CB45A972E4DD}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This longleaf wormwood sparse vegetation type is found in the badlands regions of the northern Great Plains of the United States. Stands are found on sparsely vegetated, eroding slopes or flat clay ridges. Some slopes may be acidic, others more alkaline. Soils are poorly consolidated clays and silts. Stands may be particularly common on bentonite clay bands found on the ridges and slopes of the badlands. The vegetation is sparse, often much less than 10% cover, and species richness is very low. Short shrubs are the most conspicuous. <i>Artemisia longifolia</i> is the most frequent, or it may be associated with <i>Atriplex nuttallii, Eriogonum pauciflorum</i>, or <i>Gutierrezia sarothrae</i>.
Comm #2419	Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus americana - Celtis laevigata / Ilex decidua Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31335-{9AA45E95-00E6-49C7-AC95-71DE780ABC51}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This green ash - American elm - sugarberry community is found throughout the central and southern United States. Stands occur in floodplains of major rivers where water is absent for most of the growing season. Soils are moist alluvial clay or silt loams. <i>Ulmus americana</i> was once the most prominent member of this forest, but Dutch elm disease (<i>Ceratostomella ulmi</i>) and logging have eliminated many of the largest mature <i>Ulmus</i> spp. from most of the species natural range. <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> dominates on moist flats and shallow sloughs, while <i>Celtis laevigata</i> is most prevalent on new land or front sites. Other species commonly encountered include <i>Carya aquatica, Quercus lyrata, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Acer negundo</i>. The subcanopy is often dense and dominated by <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> which sprouts prolifically. Shrubs typical of this forest include <i>Cornus drummondii, Ilex decidua</i>, and <i>Crataegus</i> spp. The herbaceous layer is dense and diverse, dominated by <i>Galium</i> spp., <i>Viola</i> spp., <i>Carex</i> spp., <i>Leersia</i> spp., <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Laportea canadensis, Pilea pumila, Impatiens capensis</i>, and <i>Impatiens pallida</i>. Vines most often encountered include <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Campsis radicans</i>, and <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i>.
Comm #2420	Larix laricina / Aronia melanocarpa / Sphagnum spp. Swamp Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31380-{A513271F-E4F1-4684-B61C-859A3DF8EB1E}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	5	This community is found in the upper midwestern United States and adjacent Canada, with an outlier in the central Appalachian Mountains. Stands contain shallow peats in sites along rivers and in shallow lake basins, and may form a zone in a larger peatland site. The tree canopy is variable, with stands containing 25-100% cover. <i>Larix laricina</i> is either the sole dominant, or often mixed with <i>Acer rubrum, Betula alleghaniensis, Pinus strobus, Fraxinus nigra</i>, and occasional <i>Picea mariana</i> in the west and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> in the east. The shrub layer may contain <i>Betula pumila</i> and <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata</i>, as well as other more minerotrophic species, such as <i>Alnus incana, Aronia melanocarpa, Ilex verticillata, Toxicodendron vernix, Vaccinium corymbosum</i> (in the eastern part of its range), and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i> (in the Central Appalachians). The dwarf-shrub <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> may also be present. The herbaceous layer contains a diverse mix of species, including <i>Carex lasiocarpa, Caltha palustris, Coptis trifolia, Drosera rotundifolia, Impatiens capensis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Sarracenia purpurea</i>, and, in the Central Appalachians, <i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i>. A nearly complete <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. mat covers the ground. Diagnostic features may include dominance by <i>Larix laricina</i> and the presence of <i>Toxicodendron vernix</i>.