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Reference
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Description |
Comm #241
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Fagus grandifolia - Quercus (alba, nigra) / Symplocos tinctoria - (Stewartia malacodendron) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35482-{9ADED6FD-B8CD-4A89-A594-EA114DA73EA5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
71
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These mesic mixed hardwood forests of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain are dominated by <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> and various combinations of oaks, particularly <i>Quercus nigra</i> or <i>Quercus alba</i>. Other mesophytic hardwoods such as <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, bottomland oaks, or <i>Carya</i> spp. may be present or abundant. This community grades into drier zones in which <i>Quercus falcata, Pinus echinata</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i> are common. <i>Vaccinium</i> sp. and <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i> are important in the shrub layer. Other canopy species that may be present include <i>Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus alba, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus michauxii, Quercus pagoda, Ulmus alata, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>. <i>Pinus taeda</i> may also be present and may have increased in occurrences with a history of disturbance. The understory may include a variety of species in addition to those regenerating in the canopy, including <i>Ilex opaca, Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus florida</i>, and <i>Stewartia malacodendron</i>. The well-developed shrub layer may contain a variety of species, including <i>Euonymus americanus, Rhododendron canescens, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia dumosa, Gaylussacia frondosa, Symplocos tinctoria, Arundinaria gigantea, Asimina triloba, Callicarpa americana</i>, and others. The herbaceous layer ranges from sparse to moderately well-developed and among the species that occur are <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Polystichum acrostichoides, Mitchella repens, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Malaxis unifolia, Arisaema triphyllum, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Dichanthelium boscii, Goodyera pubescens, Carex debilis, Carex abscondita</i>, and <i>Tipularia discolor</i>. The vine/liana stratum is sparse and can contain <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax bona-nox, Toxicodendron radicans, Bignonia capreolata</i>, and <i>Smilax tamnoides</i>, among others. The South Carolina example occurs on middle to lower convex slopes. |
Comm #242
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ALPINE/SUBALPINE HERBACEOUS FORBLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.cc.29818.ALPINESUBALPINE
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NVC 2004 |
70
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Comm #243
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Vittaria appalachiana - Heuchera parviflora var. parviflora - Houstonia serpyllifolia / Plagiochila spp. Cliff Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33135-{4164F399-4245-4FC4-BA72-5BAACDED3757}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
70
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This community includes herbaceous vegetation on rock substrates associated with the spray of cascades and waterfalls in the Southern Blue Ridge and adjacent portions of the Piedmont. It is found in southwestern North Carolina, northwestern South Carolina, and northeastern Georgia, in the escarpment gorges of the Southern Blue Ridge and west of the escarpment in eastern Tennessee. It occurs on saturated rock outcrops, on nearly vertical rock surfaces and ledges, slopes, and crevices with shallow soils which are constantly saturated. Vegetative coverage is sparse to moderate with 50-75% unvegetated surface (bedrock) possible. Vegetation grows in cracks and on organic accumulations on ledges. It is characterized by a variable but unique assemblage of vascular herbs, algae, and bryophytes, many of which are endemic to this community. Composition of this community varies from location to location, in part due to its insular nature. Characteristic species include liverworts (<i>Bazzania denudata, Conocephalum conicum, Oxalis montana, Pellia epiphylla, Pellia neesiana, Plagiochila austini, Plagiochila caduciloba, Plagiochila retrorsa, Plagiochila</i> spp., <i>Plagiochila sullivantii, Riccardia multifida</i>); mosses (<i>Bryocrumia vivicolor, Dichodontium pellucidum, Fissidens osmundioides, Hyophila involuta, Mnium marginatum, Oncophorus raui, Plagiomnium ciliare, Plagiomnium carolinianum, Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum quinquefarium, Thalictrum</i> spp., <i>Thamnobryum alleghaniense</i>); ferns (<i>Adiantum pedatum, Asplenium monanthes, Asplenium montanum, Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes, Cystopteris protrusa, Grammitis nimbata, Hymenophyllum tayloriae, Polypodium virginianum, Trichomanes boschianum, Trichomanes intricatum, Vittaria appalachiana</i>); and other vascular species (<i>Galax urceolata, Heuchera parviflora var. parviflora, Houstonia serpyllifolia, Huperzia porophila, Hydrocotyle americana, Impatiens capensis, Phegopteris connectilis, Saxifraga careyana, Saxifraga caroliniana, Carex biltmoreana</i>). This community varies in composition with no consistent dominant species. Nominal species are either constant or regional endemics. South and west of the Blue Ridge Escarpment, this association is less diverse than those occurrences in the central portion of the range. |
Comm #244
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Quercus falcata - Quercus alba - Carya tomentosa / Oxydendrum arboreum / Vaccinium stamineum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35513-{73E7265D-C0E0-4489-9CCF-9A2EABD4F772}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
69
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This southern red oak - white oak dry forest is found in the Piedmont of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, and in the interior uplands and Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee. It has also been reported from the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Tennessee and Georgia. It generally is a second-growth forest on low-fertility Ultisols. The vegetation is dominated by <i>Quercus</i> spp. and lesser amounts of <i>Carya</i> spp. The canopy is continuous, and several species of <i>Quercus</i> may be present or codominant (e.g., <i>Quercus falcata, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea</i>, and <i>Quercus stellata</i>). The subcanopy closure is variable, ranging from less than 25% to more than 40% cover, and the shrub and herb layers generally are sparse. Subcanopy species include canopy species and <i>Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Oxydendrum arboreum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus alata, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana</i>, and <i>Vaccinium arboreum</i>. The tall-shrub stratum may contain <i>Rhododendron canescens</i> and <i>Vaccinium arboreum</i>. The low-shrub stratum can be sparse to moderate and may be dominated by various ericaceous shrubs such as <i>Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium fuscatum</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>. <i>Smilax glauca</i> and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i> are common vines. Herbaceous species that may be present include <i>Aristolochia serpentaria, Symphyotrichum dumosum, Clitoria mariana, Desmodium nudiflorum, Euphorbia corollata, Galium circaezans, Chimaphila maculata, Polystichum acrostichoides, Asplenium platyneuron, Hexastylis arifolia, Coreopsis major, Solidago odora, Tephrosia virginiana, Potentilla simplex, Gillenia stipulata, Pteridium aquilinum, Lespedeza</i> spp., <i>Dichanthelium</i> spp., and <i>Hieracium venosum</i>. |
Comm #245
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Liriodendron tulipifera - Tilia americana var. heterophylla - (Aesculus flava) / Actaea racemosa Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35541-{3EDA7ECF-B948-44B3-803D-D0ADFCEA66B0}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
69
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This association encompasses mixed mesophytic forests of the low mountains and foothills, mostly below 610 m (2000 feet) elevation in the Southern Blue Ridge escarpment and adjacent Piedmont. This forest is dominated by <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, but other canopy species typically include <i>Tilia americana var. heterophylla, Fraxinus americana, Carya tomentosa, Aesculus flava, Halesia tetraptera, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> is not dominant, shrubs are sparse, if present. In the vicinity of the Chauga River, South Carolina, <i>Acer leucoderme</i> may dominate the understory. Ferns are often locally dominant, typically <i>Thelypteris noveboracensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Adiantum pedatum, Phegopteris hexagonoptera</i>, and <i>Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides</i>. The herb stratum is diverse and coverage is often scattered. Typical species include <i>Actaea pachypoda, Asarum canadense, Carex plantaginea, Carex austrocaroliniana, Actaea racemosa, Collinsonia canadensis, Goodyera pubescens, Hepatica nobilis var. acuta, Viola blanda, Galium latifolium, Galium circaezans, Trillium catesbaei, Maianthemum racemosum, Sanguinaria canadensis, Thalictrum thalictroides</i>, and <i>Monarda clinopodia</i>. This forest occurs on moderately steep, protected slopes and in coves, over nutrient-rich soils formed from colluvium. This association can have species with Piedmont affinities and lacks species typical of higher elevation cove forests, such as <i>Acer saccharum, Impatiens pallida, Clintonia umbellulata, Prosartes maculata, Polygonatum pubescens, Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus, Astilbe biternata, Veratrum viride</i>, and <i>Maianthemum canadense</i>. |
Comm #246
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Quercus rubra / (Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron catawbiense, Rhododendron maximum) / Galax urceolata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35549-{933B95E4-3ACB-4FEA-B37C-05783C5FDF84}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
69
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This community occurs on most of the major mountain ranges of the Southern Appalachians at elevations of 1070-1646 m (3500-5400 feet) on ridges and mid to upper slopes, commonly with southern and southeastern exposures. Outliers occur in the southern part of the Central Appalachians, on the highest ridges of the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge in southwest Virginia. This montane community includes forest vegetation with <i>Quercus rubra</i> making up at least 75% of the tree canopy and with greater than 20% shrub cover, which may be continuous to patchy. More than 50% of the total shrub cover is evergreen, although deciduous shrubs may be present. Typical shrub dominants include <i>Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron catawbiense</i>, and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. The herbaceous stratum is not diverse and is typically very sparse with scattered forbs and woody seedlings, including <i>Galax urceolata, Solidago curtisii, Epigaea repens, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Conopholis americana, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Clintonia umbellulata, Eurybia divaricata</i>, and <i>Dioscorea villosa</i>. On exposed sites this community commonly contains acidic rock outcrop communities and montane shrublands as inclusions, and may grade into forests dominated by <i>Tsuga caroliniana, Pinus rigida, Pinus pungens</i>, and <i>Quercus montana</i>. At higher elevations, this forest often occurs adjacent to, or grades into, forests dominated by <i>Picea rubens, Abies fraseri</i>, or northern hardwood species (<i>Aesculus flava, Betula alleghaniensis, Fagus grandifolia</i>). |
Comm #247
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LEYMUS CINEREUS ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.8964.LEYMUSCINEREUSA
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
69
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Comm #248
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Malosma laurina - Salvia mellifera Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.37459.CEGL003703
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69
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This shrubland association occurs on somewhat steep to steep southeast- and southwest-facing slopes at low elevations between 17 and 756 m. It is characterized by a codominance of <i>Malosma laurina</i> and <i>Salvia mellifera</i> in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer is generally insignificant. The emergent tree layer is generally absent. |
Comm #249
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Pseudotsuga menziesii Woodland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30805.PSEUDOTSUGAMENZ
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NVC 2004 |
68
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Comm #250
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EPHEDRA NEVADENSIS - GRAYIA SPINOSA SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.cc.30029.EPHEDRANEVADENS
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NVC 2004 |
68
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