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Comm #2601
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Pseudotsuga menziesii / Festuca idahoensis Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29809-{F3B5EDB3-118C-42A1-9996-45DCF8969186}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This lower montane woodland association occurs in the central and northern Rocky Mountains from western Montana to northeastern Washington and south to western Wyoming. Elevations range from 915 to 2440 m (3000-8000 feet). Stands occur on mid to low slopes and benches on all aspects near lower tree line or on warm and dry sites at higher elevations. Soils are variable and range from silty loam to gravelly sandy loam derived from a variety of calcareous and noncalcareous parent materials. Surface rock usually is less than 10% but may be as high as 30% cover. The typically open tree canopy is dominated by <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> alone or codominated by <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>. The tree canopy varies from savanna to closed and may include scattered <i>Juniperus scopulorum, Pinus contorta</i>, or <i>Pinus flexilis</i> trees. <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> shrubs are often prominent, but seldom have over 10% cover. Scattered <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> and <i>Ribes cereum</i> are often present. The dense to moderately dense perennial graminoid layer characteristically dominates the understory. <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> and <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i> codominate with <i>Carex geyeri, Carex rossii</i>, or <i>Leucopoa kingii</i> sometimes prominent. There is often a high diversity of forbs, but typically all have low cover except <i>Balsamorhiza sagittata</i>. The most common forbs species are <i>Achillea millefolium, Antennaria microphylla, Arnica cordifolia, Fragaria virginiana</i>, and <i>Geum triflorum</i>. |
Comm #2602
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Celtis laevigata var. reticulata / Pseudoroegneria spicata Wet Scrub
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29994-{62A2246E-9D1A-42D0-B1D5-558BF2F38504}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This minor woodland association is described from deep canyon bottoms of the Snake and Salmon rivers in Oregon, Washington and Idaho, and possibly occurs in similar habitats in California. These woodlands occur as numerous relatively small stands, dispersed and clustered in valley bottoms along riparian margins, on lower slopes of river terraces near seepage lines, and on scree slopes. Aspects are often southerly, especially at higher elevations. Soils are poorly developed and derived from alluvium and colluvium with bedrock outcrops. Vegetation characteristic of this association typically is an open canopy (36% mean cover) of the small cold-deciduous tree <i>Celtis laevigata var. reticulata</i>. On less favorable sites with shallow rocky soils the trees are shorter and bushier, and the stands resemble tall shrublands. The herbaceous layer is dominated by the perennial bunchgrass <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>. <i>Poa secunda</i> and <i>Aristida purpurea var. longiseta</i> are often present also. Other common species include <i>Erigeron pumilus, Heterotheca villosa, Achillea millefolium</i>, and <i>Scutellaria angustifolia</i>. Ground cover often has significant cover (up to 50%) of rock, lichen and/or litter. Most described stands have been disturbed and have significant cover of introduced annual grasses, including <i>Bromus tectorum, Bromus arvensis, Bromus sterilis</i>, and introduced forbs <i>Hypericum perforatum, Verbascum</i> spp. and <i>Melilotus officinalis</i>. Diagnostic of this woodland association is the open <i>Celtis laevigata var. reticulata</i> tree canopy with <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i> present in the herbaceous layer. |
Comm #2603
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Dasiphora fruticosa / Deschampsia cespitosa Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30016-{1204E11A-3145-4514-AE95-EE0289B0D857}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This montane to subalpine shrubland association is widespread in the Rocky Mountains west to eastern Oregon and Utah on stream terraces above the channel, on drier edges of wetlands, on broad gently sloping valley bottoms and floodplains, on moderately steep mesic slopes near springs, and near glacial depressions. Elevation ranges from 2500-3300 m (8300-10,700 feet) in Colorado to 860-2267 m (2820-7400 feet) in Montana. Aspect is variable. Soils are typically derived from alluvium and are deep, fine-textured, but vary from sandy loam to clay loam. Gleying and mottling are common. Sites have a high water table that fluctuates (40-100 cm) seasonally. These riparian shrublands form an open to moderately dense, low-shrub layer dominated by <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> with thick cover of bunchgrasses. Other shrub species may include low cover of <i>Artemisia cana, Betula glandulosa, Salix boothii</i>, and <i>Salix planifolia</i>. The lush herbaceous layer is often typically diverse and usually dominated by the graminoid <i>Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, which is consistently present as a diagnostic species at least in trace amounts. Other characteristic graminoids may include <i>Carex aurea, Carex aquatilis, Carex heteroneura var. chalciolepis, Carex nova, Carex pellita, Carex microptera, Danthonia intermedia, Elymus trachycaulus, Festuca rubra, Festuca saximontana, Festuca brachyphylla, Phleum alpinum, Poa secunda</i>, and <i>Trisetum spicatum</i>. Numerous forb species may be present such as <i>Antennaria</i> spp., <i>Argentina anserina, Polygonum bistortoides, Caltha leptosepala, Cerastium arvense, Geum rossii, Penstemon procerus, Potentilla</i> spp., <i>Selaginella</i> spp., <i>Solidago simplex, Symphyotrichum</i> spp., <i>Stellaria longipes, Thalictrum</i> spp., <i>Trifolium longipes</i>, and <i>Valeriana edulis</i>. With heavy grazing <i>Achillea millefolium, Antennaria</i> spp., <i>Carex nebrascensis, Fragaria virginiana, Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis</i>, and <i>Potentilla gracilis</i> increase in cover. Exotic graminoids <i>Poa pratensis</i> and <i>Alopecurus pratensis</i> and forbs <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> and <i>Trifolium repens</i> may be common in heavily grazed/disturbed stands. |
Comm #2604
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Physocarpus malvaceus - Symphoricarpos albus Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30080-{76FC4180-C33E-41D5-B94A-21159F5CA161}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This association is known from canyonlands of the northern Wallowa Mountains, Imnaha River, and Snake River within northeastern Oregon, southeastern Washington, and west-central Idaho. The association occurs on upper slope positions of steep, northeast- to northwest-facing canyon slopes at 1125 to 1375 m (3700-4500 feet) elevation. Deep soils on these relatively moist, shaded sites are formed from basalt colluvium. <i>Physocarpus malvaceus</i> is the dominant shrub species (mean cover exceeds 80%). <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i> is consistently present. Other associated shrub species include <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Prunus virginiana</i>, and <i>Philadelphus lewisii</i>. Shrubs are so abundant that growth of understory forbs and graminoids is limited. This <i>Physocarpus malvaceus</i> association is distinguished from <i>~Pseudotsuga menziesii / Physocarpus malvaceus</i> Forest (CEGL000447)$$ by the absence of trees. Periodic fire may serve to maintain this deciduous shrubland vegetation by controlling the establishment of trees. |
Comm #2605
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Lodgepole Pine - Quaking Aspen Forest Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30115.LODGEPOLEPINEQU
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NVC 2004 |
4
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Comm #2606
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Carex breweri Alpine Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30714-{B9C8029E-809F-4EE2-B4CE-583E23E848C2}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This herbaceous association is known from the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, and extends north into the North Cascades of Washington. The dominant species ranges north through the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California to the high mountains of Oregon and Washington. It is currently only described from Yosemite National Park in California. Additional global information will be added as it becomes available. This alpine grassland prefers moderate to steep slopes on northern to western aspects. Elevations range from 3110-3415 m (10,200-11,200 feet). Stands grow on middle to upper slopes in concave snowbeds with late snowmelt. The soils are stony, sandy loams and well-drained. Sites are seasonally saturated by the snowmelt, but summers are dry. These stands must endure several months of drought. This association forms a patchy sward of graminoids and forbs heavily dominated by <i>Carex breweri</i>. <i>Juncus parryi</i> is also important. Other graminoids that may provide a trace of cover include <i>Trisetum spicatum, Poa fendleriana, Poa stebbinsii, Carex subnigricans, Carex vernacula</i>, and/or <i>Calamagrostis breweri</i>. <i>Antennaria media</i> and <i>Lupinus lepidus</i> are the most constant forbs. Other common forb associates providing traces of cover may include <i>Arabis platysperma, Silene sargentii</i>, and/or <i>Selaginella watsonii</i>. |
Comm #2607
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Myriophyllum sibiricum Aquatic Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30909-{0009CCEC-FD70-49D8-9A47-4C2F3EE4BECE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This association has been described from Colorado mountain lakes and ponds, and from the low-elevation Rocky Mountain Front of Alberta in Waterton Lakes National Park. In Colorado it occurs at roughly 2539 m (8300 feet) elevation, while in Alberta it was found from 1280 to 1290 m (4200-4230 feet). This association occurs in small ponds supporting submerged aquatic vegetation, typically less than 200 m2. Depths for most ponds are estimated to be from 1-2 m in the deepest portion. The total cover value for <i>Myriophyllum sibiricum</i> may be as little as 5%, but more typically it falls in the 40-80% range. Water can be quite saline and the plants heavily encrusted with lime salts. Ponds typically have concentric rings, or zones of vegetation, <i>Myriophyllum sibiricum</i> occupying the deepest portion of relatively shallow ponds. Concentric zones include bands of <i>Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Carex</i> spp., and <i>Salix</i> spp. |
Comm #2608
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Yucca glauca / Calamovilfa longifolia Shrub Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31583-{3692926E-F4E4-4B4F-8997-E1B1371681DF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This soapweed yucca association is found on sandstone outcrops and sandy soils in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Soils are relatively deep (>1 m), pure sands, with medium- to coarse-textured lower horizons. The substrate is well-drained but not xeric. The more broadly defined ~<i>Yucca glauca / Calamovilfa longifolia</i> Shrub Grassland (CEGL002675)$$ occurs on a broader range of ridgetops and upper slopes. Stands contain an open to moderately dense (at least 10% cover), low-shrub layer above a species-rich herbaceous layer. Dominance of the shrub layer by <i>Yucca glauca</i> is characteristic (average cover in six stands was 9.8%). <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis</i> and <i>Artemisia cana ssp. cana</i> may be present but are sparse and contribute little cover. In the herbaceous layer, <i>Hesperostipa comata</i> and <i>Calamovilfa longifolia</i> codominate (16% cover and 8% cover, respectively), and <i>Bouteloua gracilis</i> and <i>Carex filifolia</i> often are present, but with low cover. Forbs are common but contribute little cover; <i>Artemisia frigida</i> has the highest constancy, but no forb is characteristic of the association. Litter covers up to about half of the ground surface, and most of the rest of the ground surface is bare soil. |
Comm #2609
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Quercus macrocarpa / Cornus drummondii / Aralia nudicaulis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30981-{485AE150-448B-43EF-9E1F-EBD738ED4312}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This community is found in the central and northern tallgrass prairie region of the midwestern United States. It typically occurs on gentle to steep slopes of draws and bluffs, historically where firebreaks occurred. Soils in the northern part of the range include well-drained sandy loams to loams formed in glacial till, and in the southern part include silty to sand loams formed primarily in loess and glacial till. The tree layer is a closed canopy dominated by <i>Quercus macrocarpa</i> with a mixture of shade-tolerant trees, such as <i>Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ulmus americana</i>, and <i>Ulmus rubra</i>, and further north <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. Occasionally <i>Tilia americana</i> or <i>Quercus rubra</i> are present. The shrub layer is often prominent, dominated by <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> in the north and <i>Cornus drummondii</i> in the south. Other species shared across the range include <i>Prunus virginiana, Ribes missouriense, Rubus occidentalis, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Symphoricarpos orbiculatus</i>, and <i>Zanthoxylum americanum</i>. Vines include <i>Celastrus scandens, Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. The herbaceous layer can be quite sparse. Common species include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Carex assiniboinensis, Carex blanda, Elymus villosus, Galium boreale, Geum canadense, Maianthemum stellatum, Osmorhiza longistylis, Poa pratensis, Polygonatum biflorum</i>, and <i>Viola sororia</i>. |
Comm #2610
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Pinus ponderosa / Oryzopsis asperifolia Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31032-{DCDEDC1B-0498-4849-BE3B-DA62012B3775}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This ponderosa pine community is found in the Black Hills of western South Dakota in the United States. Stands occur on sandy loams to silt loams on flat to gently sloping topography. The dominant tree is <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>. No other mature trees have been found in the canopy. There is a poorly developed shrub layer containing species such as <i>Spiraea betulifolia</i> and <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i>. The scattered herb layer is made up mostly of <i>Oryzopsis asperifolia</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Carex siccata, Galium boreale</i> and <i>Schizachne purpurascens</i>. |
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