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Comm #2641	Liquidambar styraciflua - Quercus laurifolia / Magnolia virginiana / Carex lonchocarpa Wet Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33415-{A5271D31-27B9-4CBB-A829-6C20A3478A34}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	These forests occur on flat, low seepage areas in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. The soil is a very poorly drained clay loam with organic material or peat development. This environment is nearly constantly saturated, but it is only rarely flooded. These forests have well-developed canopy, subcanopy, shrub, herbaceous, and vine/liana strata. The canopy is dominated by <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus laurifolia</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. These species are dominant in the subcanopy as well, along with <i>Magnolia virginiana, Ilex opaca var. opaca</i>, and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i>. Other species that may be present in these strata include <i>Ulmus americana, Ulmus alata</i>, and <i>Salix nigra</i>. The shrub layer contains <i>Acer rubrum, Magnolia virginiana, Ilex decidua, Arundinaria gigantea</i>, and other species. Herbaceous dominants include <i>Saururus cernuus, Carex debilis, Carex intumescens, Carex lonchocarpa, Dichanthelium</i> sp., and <i>Hypericum</i> sp. Other herbaceous species of this community are <i>Asclepias perennis, Boehmeria cylindrica, Onoclea sensibilis, Viola affinis, Viola x primulifolia, Commelina communis, Mitchella repens, Leersia lenticularis</i>, and others. This community currently is known only from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Comm #2642	Quercus nigra Ruderal Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33421-{4372561F-DD6C-42F9-A8FC-76972E7E72EC}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This community is a result of soil disturbance and/or fire suppression of upland pinelands of the Southeastern Coastal Plain and of pinelands and subsequent old fields in the adjacent Piedmont areas. South of the range of southern yellow pines, this community is found on spoil banks, artificial levees, and other anthropogenic landforms in a marsh and swamp landscape context. This association occurs on mesic or dry-mesic sites, especially on loamy or other fine-textured soils (in contrast to ~<i>Quercus hemisphaerica - Quercus nigra</i> Forest Alliance (A0053)$$, which occurs primarily on coarse-textured sands in drier situations). <i>Quercus nigra</i> dominates the tree canopy. Other oaks (e.g., <i>Quercus falcata, Quercus phellos, Quercus hemisphaerica</i>) may be intermixed, as well as <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, remnant <i>Pinus palustris</i>, weedy <i>Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, Carya</i> spp., or <i>Pinus taeda</i>. In the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain of Georgia, some examples may contain <i>Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i> in the subcanopy.
Comm #2643	Ceratophyllum demersum - Utricularia macrorhiza - Nymphaea odorata Aquatic Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33443-{1DE12BB2-C93E-4A66-BFFE-6BF28CFDA54C}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	These are wind-tidally flooded floating/submergent wetlands of fresh to oligohaline, river-basin guts and large pools. This community is dominated (or codominated) by <i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i>. Other abundant species can include <i>Utricularia macrorhiza</i> and <i>Nymphaea odorata</i>. Other species include <i>Elodea nuttallii, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Wolffiella gladiata, Lemna</i> spp., and <i>Utricularia purpurea</i>.
Comm #2644	Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33485-{15E6E14F-982E-4D9F-97DB-60217991122D}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This freshwater tidal marsh occurs from Maine to Virginia, excluding Rhode Island and New Hampshire. It is codominated by leafy forbs <i>Peltandra virginica</i> and <i>Pontederia cordata</i>. Associated species can include <i>Zizania aquatica, Sagittaria latifolia, Acorus americanus, Polygonum arifolium, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Polygonum sagittatum</i>, and <i>Bidens</i> spp. Species occurring less frequently can include <i>Typha</i> spp. and <i>Impatiens capensis</i>. At the southern end of the range in Virginia, there is a well-marked variant in which <i>Nuphar advena</i> is codominant with <i>Peltandra virginica</i> and <i>Pontederia cordata</i> in variable mixtures. This variant differs from the almost monospecific ~<i>Nuphar advena</i> Tidal Marsh (CEGL004472)$$ in that it occurs on slightly higher landscape positions where the duration of inundation is shorter, supports higher mean species richness, and contains a number of taxa absent from the low intertidal portions of mudflats.
Comm #2645	Scirpus cyperinus - Panicum rigidulum - Rhynchospora corniculata - (Dulichium arundinaceum) Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33498-{47DA85F4-C0F2-4D10-A8CD-2698751FEF37}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This association is a component of emergent zones in upland depression ponds of the Interior Low Plateau of Kentucky, Tennessee, and possibly Indiana, as well as in the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions of Alabama. Stands may have a pronounced seasonal fluctuation in water level, becoming saturated to ponded in the winter and often drying completely in the summer. The vegetation is typically dominated by patches or zones of <i>Scirpus cyperinus</i>, possibly with thick mats of <i>Dulichium arundinaceum</i>. In addition to these, various <i>Carex</i> spp., <i>Juncus coriaceus, Juncus effusus, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Panicum rigidulum, Rhynchospora</i> spp., and scattered <i>Itea virginica</i> and <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> are often found. Floristics and gradient expression vary with context and management. Some examples may have additional small trees and shrubs, such as <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Alnus serrulata, Hibiscus moscheutos, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa biflora, Pinus taeda, Quercus phellos</i>, and <i>Rosa palustris</i> scattered within. On drier ground (either surrounding the pond center or scattered about on hummocks), <i>Scirpus cyperinus</i> may share dominance with <i>Panicum rigidulum var. elongatum</i> and <i>Rhynchospora corniculata</i>. Some other herbaceous species which are present may include <i>Andropogon virginicus, Carex bullata, Carex gigantea, Carex lurida, Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Dichanthelium longiligulatum, Dichanthelium scoparium, Eleocharis</i> sp., <i>Leersia hexandra, Ludwigia alternifolia, Ludwigia leptocarpa, Ludwigia palustris, Lycopus</i> sp., <i>Proserpinaca pectinata, Rhexia mariana, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, Rhynchospora corniculata, Rhynchospora glomerata, Rhynchospora perplexa, Saccharum baldwinii, Triadenum virginicum, Xyris laxifolia var. iridifolia</i>, and <i>Xyris smalliana</i>. The vegetation may consist of monospecific clumps of the component species, which are present around the pond margin, or scattered on hummocks within. Zones or areas of deeper water may support floating aquatics, including <i>Nymphaea odorata</i> and <i>Utricularia gibba</i>.
Comm #2646	Quercus phellos - Quercus nigra - Quercus alba / Chasmanthium (laxum, sessiliflorum) Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33548-{C7964D44-82F7-4031-BCB0-E42ECD2EFC9C}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This forest is common along small floodplains in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and possibly Louisiana. <i>Quercus phellos</i> or <i>Quercus nigra</i> may dominate this temporarily flooded forest; some stands may contain considerable <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Quercus alba</i> may be present. Some other associated species include <i>Pinus glabra, Pinus taeda, Quercus pagoda, Quercus alba, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus similis, Ulmus alata, Carya tomentosa, Carya glabra, Carya ovata, Nyssa biflora</i>, and others. Occurrences often have many species in the canopy, and variability of species composition from occurrence to occurrence may be relatively large. The subcanopy/shrub stratum is well-developed and contains canopy species, as well as <i>Crataegus viridis, Chionanthus virginicus, Acer rubrum, Vaccinium elliottii, Ilex decidua, Ilex vomitoria, Vaccinium stamineum, Cornus florida, Sabal minor, Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, Crataegus marshallii, Arundinaria gigantea</i>, and others. Some woody vines present. The herbaceous layer also may contain many species with no clear dominants.
Comm #2647	Menziesia pilosa - Vaccinium (erythrocarpum, simulatum, corymbosum) - Sorbus americana Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33595-{25E8A8B5-4014-4734-BF14-DE12D30F913B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This deciduous shrubland is known from several exposed, rock outcrop promontories between 1500 and 1675 m (5000-5500 feet) elevation in the Mount Rogers - Whitetop massif of the southern Virginia Blue Ridge. The exposed sites are subject to low winter temperatures, high winds, and ice storms, as well as high solar irradiation and moisture evaporation during the growing season. Slope profiles are strongly convex and surface cover of exposed bedrock and boulders is &gt;25% in plot samples. Soils are extremely acidic (mean pH = 3.9) and low in base status. Vegetation is a deciduous shrubland codominated by <i>Menziesia pilosa</i>, stunted <i>Sorbus americana</i>, and either <i>Vaccinium simulatum</i> or <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>, or both. Associated shrubs and tree saplings include <i>Rubus canadensis, Crataegus punctata, Amelanchier laevis, Ribes rotundifolium, Ribes cynosbati, Prunus pensylvanica, Rhododendron calendulaceum</i>, and <i>Smilax tamnoides</i>. The most frequent herbs are <i>Danthonia compressa, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Oclemena acuminata, Carex debilis var. rudgei, Heuchera villosa, Saxifraga michauxii, Maianthemum canadense, Carex pensylvanica</i>, and <i>Carex brunnescens ssp. sphaerostachya</i>.
Comm #2648	Populus tremuloides - Populus balsamifera - Mixed Hardwoods Lowland Wet Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33804-{543E92A0-64CD-453F-9CAF-32C563710F06}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This lowland aspen forest is found in the boreal/subboreal regions of the Great Lakes region of the United States and adjacent Canada. Stands are found on lower slopes and draws, occasionally under seepage conditions. Soils are deep, fresh to moist, poorly drained, and often fine-textured and of lacustrine origin. Stands are dominated by deciduous trees, but can contain a mix of evergreen species. Dominants include <i>Populus tremuloides</i> and <i>Populus balsamifera</i>. Other associates include <i>Abies balsamea, Betula papyrifera</i>, and <i>Picea glauca</i>. The shrub and herb layer are often fairly rich. Typical shrubs/saplings include <i>Abies balsamea, Alnus incana, Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Cornus sericea, Cornus canadensis, Ribes</i> spp., <i>Rosa acicularis, Rubus idaeus</i>, and <i>Rubus pubescens</i>. The herb layer contains <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Symphyotrichum ciliolatum, Eurybia macrophylla, Anemone quinquefolia, Calamagrostis canadensis, Carex</i> spp., <i>Clintonia borealis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Equisetum</i> spp. (including <i>Equisetum sylvaticum</i>), <i>Galium triflorum, Maianthemum canadense, Mertensia paniculata, Mitella nuda, Petasites frigidus var. palmatus, Streptopus lanceolatus var. longipes</i>, and <i>Viola renifolia</i>. <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> can be abundant in the herb layer.
Comm #2649	Pinus rigida / Vaccinium spp. - Gaylussacia baccata Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33813-{49CAFE00-A270-415D-ACF1-CA0E130EF352}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	These pitch pine - heath barrens occur on sandy glacial deposits at low elevations in New England and adjacent Canada. The soils are derived from glacial outwash or, less frequently, till, and are coarse, well-drained to excessively drained, nutrient-poor, and acidic. Sites generally have a history of periodic fire. The tree canopy ranges from sparse to partly open, and the understory features a well-developed low heath layer. Taller shrubs are sparse or absent. The herb and bryoid layers are of variable cover, and the ground cover is sparse needle litter and base sand. The open canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus rigida</i> with a variable mixture of associates, including <i>Pinus strobus, Pinus resinosa, Quercus rubra</i>, or <i>Populus grandidentata</i>. In the northern part of the range, <i>Pinus banksiana</i> or <i>Picea rubens</i> may also be present. A few scrub oaks (<i>Quercus ilicifolia, Quercus prinoides</i>) may be present as tall shrubs. The dwarf-shrub layer is comprised largely of heaths, including <i>Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Gaylussacia baccata</i>, and <i>Kalmia angustifolia</i>. The herbaceous layer often includes <i>Pteridium aquilinum, Carex pensylvanica, Carex lucorum, Piptatheropsis pungens, Gaultheria procumbens, Aralia nudicaulis, Maianthemum canadense, Melampyrum lineare, Fragaria virginiana, Lysimachia quadrifolia</i>, and <i>Cypripedium acaule</i>. The bryophyte layer is of variable cover and is characterized by <i>Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia pyxidata, Dicranum polysetum, Pleurozium schreberi</i>, and <i>Leucobryum glaucum</i>. These barrens differ from the related ~<i>Pinus rigida / Quercus ilicifolia / Piptatheropsis pungens</i> Woodland (CEGL006203)$$ in their lack of a well-defined scrub oak shrub layer; they are also more likely to have <i>Pinus strobus</i> and/or <i>Pinus resinosa</i> as a canopy associate.
Comm #2650	Juniperus communis - (Quercus rubra) / Juniperus horizontalis - Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33830-{21D4B21B-DFF6-4B69-874B-A720ABB8A913}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	4	This juniper shrubland type is found in Michigan, United States, and Ontario, Canada. Stands are found on exposed, igneous bedrock substrates. In Michigan, stands are found at higher elevations in the Porcupine Mountains, where exposure to wind and cold has stunted the vegetation. The shrub/scrub canopy varies from open to closed. In Michigan the scrub layer includes stunted <i>Quercus rubra</i> and <i>Juniperus communis</i>. The dwarf-shrub layer contains <i>Juniperus horizontalis</i> and <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i>. This type needs further characterization.