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Comm #2671
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Acer rubrum - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Liquidambar styraciflua Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35313-{EFEADED6-239D-4811-A9CA-414AB5D551BD}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This is an Outer Coastal Plain red maple - green ash - sweetgum swamp of New Jersey, with a canopy dominated by <i>Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. Other potential canopy associates include <i>Quercus phellos, Betula populifolia, Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Ilex opaca</i>. Shrubs can include <i>Viburnum dentatum, Vaccinium corymbosum, Ilex verticillata, Clethra alnifolia</i>, and <i>Rhododendron viscosum</i>. The diverse herbaceous layer is dominated by a variety of sedges, including <i>Carex laevivaginata, Carex stricta, Carex intumescens, Carex debilis, Carex abscondita, Carex folliculata</i>, and <i>Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea</i>, as well as <i>Glyceria septentrionalis, Symplocarpus foetidus, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis, Thelypteris palustris</i>, and <i>Impatiens capensis</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. are common throughout the swamp. The Coastal Plain setting and presence of <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca</i>, and <i>Magnolia virginiana</i> distinguish this association from ~<i>Acer rubrum - Fraxinus (pennsylvanica, americana) / Lindera benzoin / Symplocarpus foetidus</i> Swamp Forest (CEGL006406)$$. |
Comm #2672
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Oxypolis rigidior - Drosera rotundifolia - Platanthera clavellata - Rhexia mariana var. mariana Herbaceous Seep
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35360-{333C3D51-197C-4A69-8B39-C29D2C15CB30}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This association occurs in the Southern Blue Ridge of southern North Carolina and South Carolina on open granitic domes (exfoliated outcrops of granite or gneiss) with shallow saturated soils, occurring where a small stream flows over the rock. It may also occasionally occur as narrow bands along streams flowing over exfoliated or dipslope surfaces on forested mountainsides. The flora is quite variable among examples but shares the characteristics of having an unusual mix that includes some species of Coastal Plain affinities or otherwise unusual for the region, mountain wetland species, some species characteristic of bogs, and usually some species of rock outcrops. The species occurring with the highest constancy in known examples are <i>Oxypolis rigidior, Drosera rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora</i> spp. Some wetland orchid species, e.g., <i>Platanthera clavellata, Calopogon</i> sp., <i>Pogonia ophioglossoides</i>, or others, are almost always present. <i>Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii</i> or <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> are sometimes abundant. <i>Osmunda cinnamomea</i> or <i>Osmunda regalis</i> are often abundant. |
Comm #2673
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Pinus palustris / Quercus geminata / Conradina canescens / Aristida beyrichiana Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35437-{02EDFBCB-5441-4753-B131-54A1E51C7002}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This xeric sandhill association is restricted to lowland areas within a few miles of the Gulf Coast, in the western Florida Panhandle (west of the Apalachicola River). Soils of this association are Entisols; however, they are often only moderately well-drained due to higher water tables and, in some cases, the presence of weak spodic horizons. Surface soils are coarse sands, with very low fine silt content. <i>Pinus palustris</i> dominates the canopy of this association, while the midstory is composed of equal parts <i>Quercus laevis, Quercus incana</i>, and <i>Quercus geminata</i>. The shrub layer is well-developed and diverse and characterized by <i>Conradina canescens, Serenoa repens</i>, and indicators <i>Ilex glabra, Licania michauxii</i>, and <i>Opuntia humifusa</i>. Dominant ground cover bunchgrasses include <i>Aristida beyrichiana, Sorghastrum secundum</i>, and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. |
Comm #2674
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Nyssa biflora - Magnolia virginiana - (Pinus elliottii) / Morella (caroliniensis, inodora) Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35452-{42922DDE-34AA-43EF-8C3D-6935E1BAFF78}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This mixed canopy "bay forest" is dominated by species such as <i>Nyssa biflora</i> and <i>Magnolia virginiana</i>, with <i>Pinus elliottii var. elliottii</i> present in many examples. This is a saturated forest receiving input from groundwater seepage as well as from rainfall events. It often contains small, braided seepage-fed streams, and extends along shallow, fairly narrow drainages; it only occasionally forms broad swamps. The highly organic sandy soils are topped with a thick peat layer. During drought periods, no water may be visible in the headwaters. <i>Pinus elliottii</i> may be a prominent feature of the community, rising above the canopy as large emergents, or it may have been removed by logging. The canopy may also contain <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i>. Along with the nominals, shrubs include <i>Lyonia lucida, Cyrilla racemiflora, Viburnum nudum, Itea virginica, Persea palustris, Ilex opaca, Clethra alnifolia</i>, and <i>Smilax laurifolia</i>. The very scattered herbaceous layer contains <i>Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis</i> and <i>Woodwardia areolata</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> is more common near the edges where the degree of light penetration is higher. This forest occurs in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. |
Comm #2675
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Quercus rubra - Quercus muehlenbergii / Hamamelis virginiana / Polymnia canadensis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35486-{BD02D3F3-890E-4132-A29D-34DAB09DD283}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This association represents forests on sheltered dolomite slopes in the Southern Blue Ridge with canopies dominated by <i>Quercus</i> spp., <i>Juglans nigra</i>, and <i>Magnolia acuminata</i>. However, a small amount of the canopy and understory is always composed of calciphilic canopy species more characteristic of areas west of the Blue Ridge, including <i>Quercus muehlenbergii</i> and <i>Juglans cinerea</i>. The dominant shrub is <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>, but other shrubs include <i>Calycanthus floridus, Cornus alternifolia</i>, and <i>Hydrangea arborescens</i>. The herbaceous layer is lush and diverse, with typical species including <i>Impatiens</i> spp., <i>Hybanthus concolor, Polymnia canadensis, Laportea canadensis, Aquilegia canadensis, Adiantum pedatum, Sanguinaria canadensis</i>, and <i>Asarum canadense</i>. |
Comm #2676
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Quercus alba - Carya alba / Vaccinium elliottii Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35495-{05A65D77-5C45-4B4D-B0CB-481DBA7B2536}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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Comm #2677
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Liquidambar styraciflua - (Liriodendron tulipifera) Ruderal Wet Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35580-{FE15554D-0DE0-4819-82E3-6FA48F3016A9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This widespread association of the southeastern United States is dominated by <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, but can be dominated by <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> in some cases, and occurs on heavily disturbed sites such as wetland old fields that have been recovering for the past 10-60 years. This is a successional community that develops following clearcutting or other disturbance along floodplains of major creeks and other temporarily flooded areas. As this community ages, it often begins to approach the composition of more natural ~<i>Liquidambar styraciflua - Liriodendron tulipifera / Lindera benzoin / Arisaema triphyllum</i> Floodplain Forest (CEGL004418)$$. This association is known from the Piedmont, Interior Low Plateau, Inner South Atlantic Coastal Plain, Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain, and possibly other provinces. <i>Acer rubrum</i> may be a major component of the canopy and subcanopy and may even partially dominate in some instances. In more mature examples, other canopy/subcanopy species which may occur to a lesser extent and often as scattered emergents are <i>Quercus alba, Quercus phellos, Quercus nigra, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>. Stands in the Inner Coastal Plain of South Carolina typically contain <i>Persea palustris</i> and <i>Magnolia virginiana</i>. Some stands, as on the Chattahoochee River in Georgia, may contain <i>Acer negundo</i> as a codominant canopy/subcanopy component. The shrub layer can contain <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Itea virginica, Vitis rotundifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax rotundifolia</i>, and/or <i>Rubus</i> sp., in addition to canopy/subcanopy species. <i>Lonicera japonica</i> is often abundant in the understory. On disturbed sites, the shrub layer is often dominated by <i>Ligustrum sinense</i>, and the ground layer is typically solid <i>Microstegium vimineum</i> or a tangle of <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i> and <i>Rubus</i> sp. The herbaceous layer may include <i>Chasmanthium laxum, Carex</i> spp., <i>Boehmeria cylindrica</i>, and <i>Botrychium biternatum</i>, sometimes growing on hummocks in standing water. |
Comm #2678
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Fraxinus nigra - Acer rubrum / Rhamnus alnifolia / Carex leptalea Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35670-{32CF5761-99E8-408E-AF29-BC1BC1CA4B1E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This closed-canopy deciduous swamp forest occurs in poorly drained depressions or seepage zones in the unglaciated portions of the Lower New England/Northern Piedmont, High Allegheny Plateau, and Central Appalachians ecoregions. This forest can occur as narrow zones to small inclusions to large swamps. Soils are generally mucky and without substantial peat development. It often occurs in areas of calcareous bedrock. The canopy is codominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Fraxinus nigra</i> with associates such as <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Ulmus rubra, Ulmus americana</i>, and <i>Pinus strobus</i>. The understory is patchy, ranging from shrub-dominated to sedge-dominated. Shrubs include <i>Lindera benzoin, Toxicodendron vernix, Alnus incana, Salix</i> spp., and <i>Rhamnus alnifolia</i>. The herb layer is diverse with <i>Carex leptalea, Carex bromoides, Caltha palustris, Veratrum viride, Platanthera grandiflora, Geum rivale, Symplocarpus foetidus, Cypripedium reginae, Trollius laxus, Osmunda cinnamomea, Impatiens capensis, Cardamine bulbosa, Saxifraga pensylvanica, Dryopteris cristata, Carex lacustris</i>, and <i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i>. |
Comm #2679
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Quercus stellata / Forestiera ligustrina - Symphoricarpos orbiculatus / Carex cherokeensis - Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35964-{DE76A544-05F6-4208-B4B5-FE6875E8BD04}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This subcalcareous or circumneutral vegetation of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain is dominated by <i>Quercus stellata</i>. Other species indicative of high pH and/or high nutrient status are also present, such as <i>Quercus muehlenbergii, Quercus shumardii</i>, or <i>Ulmus crassifolia</i>. <i>Symphoricarpos orbiculatus</i> is also a characteristic species of this habitat in at least parts of the region; it is typically lacking from both calcareous prairies and acidic forests. A thick layer of <i>Crataegus</i> spp. is also often present. Sedges, especially <i>Carex cherokeensis</i> and <i>Carex albicans</i>, are abundant in the understory. Grass cover and composition are highly variable in part due to the openness of the stands and the influence of fire. This woodland community may occur in relatively narrow bands (15-60 m [50-200 feet] wide) or ecotones between forested uplands (usually pine-dominated) on neutral to slightly acidic soils and alkaline prairies. The location and size of the community appear to be dependent on the steepness of the transition between soil types. The larger post oak woodlands occur on shallower transitions and may also be a function of the fire regime. |
Comm #2680
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Quercus pagoda - Liquidambar styraciflua - Pinus taeda Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36082-{B32D54D2-043B-4DCE-AAA0-C43A36BA372F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
4
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This temporarily flooded floodplain forest occurs along intermediate-sized streams (as well as some larger river systems) in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of Louisiana and Texas. Its canopy dominants include <i>Quercus pagoda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus taeda, Quercus michauxii</i>, and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>. Other characteristic tree species include <i>Carya glabra, Quercus similis, Ulmus alata, Ulmus americana, Fraxinus</i> sp., <i>Quercus alba, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and occasional <i>Taxodium distichum</i>. Understory trees include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Crataegus marshallii, Symplocos tinctoria, Ostrya virginiana, Ulmus alata</i>, and (rarely) <i>Acer leucoderme</i>. Woody vines include <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i>. Shrubs may include <i>Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, Ditrysinia fruticosa</i>, and <i>Ilex vomitoria</i>. The herb stratum is sparse but can include <i>Carex</i> spp., <i>Chasmanthium</i> spp., <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and others. Soils are silt loams. It has a longer hydroperiod than ~<i>Fagus grandifolia - Pinus taeda - (Liquidambar styraciflua, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus alba)</i> Small Stream Forest (CEGL007320)$$. The type description is based on intermediate stream floodplains in central-northern Louisiana, but it is being applied more widely, including examples on larger rivers in Texas, such as the Neches. This type is presumed to be more prevalent outside the range of <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i>, but is presumed also to occur in parts of eastern Texas within that range. |
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