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Description |
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Xanthium strumarium Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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Great Valley Classification |
3
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Comm #2971
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Populus tremuloides - Abies concolor / Symphoricarpos oreophilus Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29432-{B45A61E5-B0C3-4E09-95CF-5DA9BA447952}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This mixed evergreen-deciduous forest is documented from the mountains and plateaus of Utah and northern Nevada at montane elevations. Stands are characterized by a moderately dense to dense tree canopy codominated by <i>Populus tremuloides</i> and <i>Abies concolor</i> with <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i> dominating the short-shrub layer. Often the conifers form a subcanopy that will eventually overtake the <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. Adjacent vegetation is usually forests dominated by <i>Abies concolor</i> or <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>. |
Comm #2972
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Pseudotsuga menziesii / Spiraea betulifolia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29366-{EA2F448A-7112-49F9-A280-842F3F6F67E8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This montane to lower subalpine forest association is known from the central and northern Rocky Mountains from northwestern Wyoming, to eastern Oregon, Idaho and western Montana, and extending into Canada. Elevations range from 1010 to 2470 m (3300-8100 feet). Stands occur on a variety of sites from steep colluvial slopes to gentle rolling terrain on relatively warm, dry sites. Sites at lower elevation and latitude are typically restricted to northerly aspects or limestone substrate. Higher elevation sites occur on a variety of aspects with the most northerly stands restricted to dry southern aspects. Parent materials are various. Soils tend to be coarser-textured, gravelly loam or sandy loam. Tree litter, often 4-6 cm deep, dominates the ground cover. Vegetation is characterized by an overstory tree canopy dominated by <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> with <i>Spiraea betulifolia</i> prominent in the understory. <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> may be codominant in the overstory tree canopy, and <i>Pinus contorta</i> or <i>Populus tremuloides</i> may be present in the subcanopy. <i>Spiraea betulifolia</i> is a major component in the short-shrub layer with <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Mahonia repens</i>, or <i>Paxistima myrsinites</i> sometimes abundant. Other common shrubs include <i>Acer glabrum, Lonicera utahensis, Prunus virginiana, Salix scouleriana, Shepherdia canadensis, Sorbus scopulina, Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i>, or <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i>. The sparse to moderately dense herbaceous layer may be dominated by graminoids <i>Calamagrostis rubescens, Carex geyeri, Festuca idahoensis</i>, or <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>, with a variety of forbs. |
Comm #2973
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Thuja plicata / Aralia nudicaulis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29380-{AB5655C5-BF89-4E37-8D5A-6AA089B1A87F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This is a late-seral evergreen conifer forest found in the mid elevations in the Okanogan Highlands east of the Kettle Mountain crest in Washington and British Columbia, with outliers in Montana. It appears on stream terraces representing xero-riparian conditions and on lower slopes and benches, mostly below 1065 m (3500 feet) in Washington and 1220 m (4000 feet) in Montana. Its name reflects a potential vegetation. The existing vegetation is dominated by a closed canopy of <i>Picea engelmannii, Thuja plicata</i>, and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> trees. The undergrowth can contain scattered tall deciduous shrubs such as <i>Acer glabrum</i> and <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata</i>. The short and dwarf-shrub layers have both greater diversity and cover than the tall-shrub layer, with <i>Linnaea borealis</i> and <i>Cornus canadensis</i> being the most constant and having appreciable coverages. The herbaceous component is characterized by a rich assortment of mesic site forbs, such as <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Clintonia uniflora, Galium triflorum, Maianthemum stellatum, Tiarella trifoliata</i>, and <i>Prosartes hookeri</i>; graminoids, with the exception of the highly constant <i>Bromus vulgaris</i> (or <i>Bromus ciliatus</i>), are a minor element. |
Comm #2974
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Thuja plicata - Tsuga heterophylla / Oplopanax horridus Rocky Mountain Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29388-{1DC061A4-C518-4AFF-B53D-8FC0CDFB8FE0}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This is a linear, small-patch association located within moist and mild climatic regimes in the northern Rocky Mountains of Washington, Idaho and Montana. This is a saturated to seasonally flooded wetland forest community usually found in a mosaic with other wetland or riparian <i>Thuja plicata</i> or <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> types. Ranging in elevation from 455 to 1311 m (1500-4300 feet), it is found on seep toeslopes and along riparian zones on wet streambank terraces. Landforms include lower benches, valleys, lower stream terraces, wet bottoms, and toeslope seepage areas. High water tables and cold-air drainage are characteristic of these sites. The water table is typically shallow, and soils are loams and sandy loams. Either <i>Thuja plicata</i> or <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> dominate a nearly closed-canopy forest often with <i>Picea engelmannii</i> (or <i>Picea x albertiana</i>) or <i>Abies grandis</i> trees. In Montana <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> is present in all occurrences, but <i>Thuja plicata</i> is often codominant. <i>Abies lasiocarpa, Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i>, and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> are also occasionally present in the overstory, but typically with very low cover. <i>Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata, Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> saplings are common in the subcanopy, with the latter being most common in higher elevation occurrences in Montana. The understory has a patchy to dense layer of tall <i>Oplopanax horridus</i> shrubs, which is a rhizomatous species; at least 5% cover of <i>Oplopanax</i> is diagnostic for this type. Other species that infrequently occur in the shrub layer include <i>Acer glabrum</i> or <i>Taxus brevifolia</i>. The shrub layers are typically low in diversity. Herbaceous diversity is typically high, primarily composed of forbs. <i>Athyrium filix-femina</i> and <i>Gymnocarpium dryopteris</i> can be prominent members of the luxuriant herbaceous layer along with <i>Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata, Clintonia uniflora, Actaea rubra, Asarum caudatum, Streptopus amplexifolius, Maianthemum stellatum, Viola orbiculata</i>, or <i>Osmorhiza berteroi</i>. |
Comm #2975
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Tsuga heterophylla / Aralia nudicaulis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29397-{847C4685-8543-4A05-A504-36E3D51093A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This forested association occurs on warm, moist locations, some of the warmest locations in the Interior Northwest for <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> communities. It occurs primarily on gentle stream benches, lower valley sideslopes and toeslopes, alluvial terraces and valley bottoms, 640 to 1219 m (2100-4000 feet) in elevation. Soils are typically well-drained, fine-textured with an ash layer, loam to silty loam, moist but never boggy. Parent materials range from glacial till, coarse alluvium to colluvium. This association is heavily forested. Total tree canopy cover ranges from 70-95%. <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> is always present with 20-75% cover. <i>Thuja plicata</i> is often present with 10-40% average cover. Other trees are always present, but not in any consistent combination. Other tree species include <i>Abies grandis, Betula papyrifera, Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Pinus monticola</i>. The shrub layer is relatively sparse with less than 10% total cover. Typical species include <i>Paxistima myrsinites, Cornus sericea, Lonicera</i> spp., <i>Acer</i> spp., and <i>Linnaea borealis</i>. The herbaceous layer is relatively lush, with 10-80% cover and floristically rich, but only <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Clintonia uniflora</i>, and <i>Maianthemum stellatum</i> have more than 5% cover. <i>Aralia nudicaulis</i> is not present in every stand in the literature, but it is expressed as the forb with the highest constancy and highest cover value within all sampled stands. |
Comm #2976
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Populus tremuloides / Acer glabrum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29472-{02BD16F9-2F15-4CC7-8DDE-B82DFAFB0646}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This uncommon <i>Populus tremuloides</i> forest association is found in a mountainous region east of the Continental Divide in central Colorado. Stands may also occur in north-central New Mexico where, if present, the association is seral to conifer forests with <i>Acer glabrum</i>-dominated understories. This association commonly occurs on north- to northeast-facing, moist-wet slopes and alluvial terraces from 2500 to 2930 m (8200-9600 feet) elevation, but it is also reported from easterly to southerly slopes. Slopes are moderately steep (generally 5-13%) and undulating. Soils are saturated or poorly drained and range from silty clay loams to sandy loams, often with high organic matter content in the top 10 cm (4 inches) of the soil profile. Species richness is moderately high for aspen associations. This association is characterized by a nearly closed canopy of the broad-leaved deciduous tree <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. <i>Populus balsamifera</i> or <i>Populus angustifolia</i> may be present in some stands. The understory is very lush. Shrubs are primarily broad-leaved deciduous species, with <i>Acer glabrum</i> being characteristic and dominant, occasionally reaching tree stature. Other important tall shrubs include <i>Sambucus racemosa, Prunus virginiana</i>, and <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i>. Short shrubs present include <i>Rosa woodsii, Ribes montigenum</i>, and <i>Mahonia repens</i>. Conifer species may be present in the understory but with low cover. The herbaceous layer is dominated by perennial forbs such as <i>Actaea rubra, Artemisia franserioides, Chamerion angustifolium, Erigeron eximius, Maianthemum stellatum, Osmorhiza depauperata, Oreochrysum parryi</i>, and <i>Thalictrum fendleri</i>. Common grasses are <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i> and <i>Elymus</i> spp. Diagnostic of this forest association is the tree canopy dominated by <i>Populus tremuloides</i> with an <i>Acer glabrum</i>-dominated tall-shrub layer. |
Comm #2977
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Carex lasiocarpa - (Carex rostrata) - Equisetum fluviatile Fen
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33992-{0497FD02-7016-40FB-A3E7-EF15F6E9F055}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This community is found typically on floating (or occasionally grounded) mats on the edges of lakes and streams in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Lakes and streams have low wave and current energy and seasonally flood the mat. Permanent surface pools and small hummocks with <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. and ericaceous shrubs may be present. The substrate is a mat of fibric to mesic peat held together by roots and rhizomes. Graminoids dominate the stand, with shrub cover typically much less than 25%. <i>Myrica gale</i> can be among the more common shrubs. The graminoid <i>Carex lasiocarpa</i> can form extensive "lawns." Other herbaceous species present include <i>Carex rostrata, Eleocharis elliptica, Equisetum fluviatile, Comarum palustre, Rhynchospora alba, Triadenum fraseri, Utricularia intermedia</i>, and <i>Utricularia minor</i>. <i>Menyanthes trifoliata</i> can occur at high cover, especially at the outer edge of the floating mat. |
Comm #2978
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Populus fremontii / Salix exigua Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29575-{38DF4F1A-87A2-4F6A-8865-F471475544A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This association is documented from along large rivers in Utah, southwestern New Mexico, and Arizona. Characteristic of this deciduous forest is the dominance of <i>Populus fremontii</i> in the moderately dense to dense tree canopy and <i>Salix exigua</i> in the tall-shrub layer; in some stands <i>Forestiera pubescens</i> is common. This is one of the wettest riparian forests. <i>Salix gooddingii</i> or <i>Baccharis salicifolia</i> are not abundant or are absent. Other associated species include <i>Castilleja linariifolia, Distichlis spicata, Leymus cinereus, Muhlenbergia asperifolia, Oxytenia acerosa, Phragmites australis</i>, and species of <i>Equisetum, Juncus</i>, and <i>Carex</i>. Introduced species such as <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix</i> spp., <i>Poa pratensis, Melilotus</i> spp., and other exotic forage species are often present in disturbed stands. Stands occur on streambanks, stable bars and low elevations of the active floodplain. Substrates are typically relatively recently deposited alluvium. Periodic flooding is required for the growth, maintenance and reproduction of this forest. |
Comm #2979
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Pinus edulis - Juniperus osteosperma / Purshia stansburiana Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29691-{48553BCD-2A08-42AA-B7E6-304A2A91B46E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This woodland association is known from the Colorado Plateau of southern Utah and Colorado south to central Arizona. The vegetation is characterized by an open to moderately dense tree canopy (10-60% cover) codominated by <i>Pinus edulis</i> and <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i>. <i>Purshia stansburiana</i> dominates or codominates the sparse to moderately dense short-shrub layer, often with <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> in the northern part of its range. Other shrubs may be present, including <i>Amelanchier utahensis, Arctostaphylos patula, Chamaebatiaria millefolium, Ephedra viridis, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Quercus gambelii</i> (<5% cover), or species of <i>Yucca</i> and <i>Opuntia</i>. <i>Cercocarpus montanus</i> and <i>Purshia tridentata</i> are scarce or absent. Herbaceous cover is variable, ranging from sparse to moderately dense, but generally dominated by graminoids (<5% cover) with scattered perennial forbs. It occurs on dry sites on canyon rims, ridges and slopes. Elevations range from 1400 to 2165 m. Stands typically occur on gentle to moderately steep slopes on all aspects. The soils are generally shallow and rocky, ranging from sand to clay loam in texture. Rock outcrop and bare soil are common. Parent materials include sandstone and shale. |
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