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Comm #3051
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Carex (oligosperma, exilis) - Chamaedaphne calyculata Shrub Acidic Peatland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35154-{79E9C4AC-9198-40D8-8147-2743A6073A68}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This association forms sedge-shrub lawns in weakly minerotrophic peatlands of northern New England and adjacent Canada. It occurs on wet flats and peat-accumulating depressions at low to moderate elevations, generally over acidic bedrock or till. The peat substrate is constantly saturated, and pH is usually in the 4.0-5.4 range. The vegetation is dominated by an expanse of low to mid-sized sedges mixed with dwarf ericad shrubs, with sedges usually more abundant. Trees and tall shrubs are sparse or absent. The bryophyte layer is continuous. <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata</i> and <i>Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla</i> are the most typical dwarf-shrubs, and are often overtopped by the sedges. Other shrubs include <i>Kalmia polifolia, Kalmia angustifolia, Myrica gale, Ilex mucronata, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>, and (occasionally, northward) <i>Betula pumila</i>. Graminoid species include <i>Carex oligosperma, Carex exilis, Carex michauxiana, Carex utriculata, Carex chordorrhiza, Eriophorum</i> spp. (most typically <i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i>), <i>Rhynchospora alba, Trichophorum cespitosum</i>, and <i>Scheuchzeria palustris</i>. Other herbaceous associates include <i>Solidago nemoralis, Oclemena nemoralis, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Pogonia ophioglossoides</i>, and <i>Maianthemum trifolium</i>. The bryophyte layer is characterized by a mixture of species, with characteristic peatmosses including <i>Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum recurvum</i>, and <i>Sphagnum rubellum</i>. This association is differentiated from ~<i>Chamaedaphne calyculata / Eriophorum virginicum / Sphagnum rubellum</i> Acidic Peatland (CEGL006513)$$, which can be floristically similar, by the increased cover of sedges and decreased cover of shrubs. |
Comm #3052
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Platanus occidentalis - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus americana / Cornus sericea Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35288-{3EE60D8C-CCCE-4282-8C10-068FD1743A72}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This sinkhole pond floodplain forest of northwestern New Jersey occurs in solution sinkholes that developed on Allentown Dolomite bedrock with glacial till / bedrock surficial deposits. Soils are shallow silt loam or silty clay loam over bedrock and somewhat poorly drained. The closed-canopy deciduous forest is dominated by <i>Platanus occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. Other associates may include <i>Carya tomentosa, Carya cordiformis, Celtis occidentalis</i>, or <i>Quercus bicolor</i>. The most common shrub is <i>Cornus sericea</i>, with associates including <i>Ilex verticillata</i> and <i>Spiraea alba var. latifolia</i>. Vines include <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and <i>Vitis riparia</i>. The herbaceous layer is characterized by <i>Scutellaria lateriflora, Symphyotrichum racemosum, Lysimachia ciliata, Boehmeria cylindrica</i>, and <i>Carex granularis</i>. Associated herbs include <i>Acalypha rhomboidea, Carex bebbii, Carex pellita, Mentha arvensis, Onoclea sensibilis, Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum</i>, and <i>Thelypteris palustris</i>. This association is broadly similar to ~<i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica - (Juglans nigra, Platanus occidentalis)</i> Floodplain Forest (CEGL006575)$$ but differs in its environmental setting (pond floodplain as opposed to alluvial floodplain). |
Comm #3053
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Quercus alba - Quercus velutina - Carya tomentosa / Cornus florida / Chimaphila maculata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35532-{D1C7F42A-6E79-4859-A432-97AFEF443E16}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This association includes mesic slope forests of the Inner Coastal Plain of South Carolina. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Quercus velutina</i>, with <i>Quercus falcata, Carya tomentosa</i>, and <i>Carya pallida</i>. Some examples could contain <i>Carya glabra, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i>. Canopy composition is dependent on past history of timber removal. The understory contains <i>Quercus nigra, Quercus alba, Carya pallida</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>, along with scattered individuals of <i>Prunus serotina</i> and <i>Sassafras albidum</i>. In addition to <i>Chimaphila maculata</i>, the herbaceous stratum contains <i>Aristolochia serpentaria, Mitchella repens, Galium</i> sp., and <i>Euphorbia corollata</i>. Common vines are <i>Gelsemium sempervirens, Smilax glauca, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>. |
Comm #3054
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Liquidambar styraciflua - Quercus pagoda - Carya spp. / Carpinus caroliniana / Carex spp. Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35600-{04B2D21F-279D-4C39-A44C-864B169C256C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This bottomland hardwood forest is found on higher terraces of floodplains in the northern Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain and East Gulf Coastal Plain, as well as portions of the adjacent Piedmont, of the United States. The canopy of stands is dominated by <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus pagoda</i>, and <i>Carya</i> spp. (including <i>Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata, Carya laciniosa, Carya ovalis</i>). This type was originally described from Shiloh National Park (Hardin County, Tennessee), where the understory may contain <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ulmus americana, Carya tomentosa, Carya ovalis</i>, and <i>Quercus nigra</i>. Portions of the stand may exhibit canopy dominance by <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus occidentalis</i>, and <i>Carya</i> spp., with lower coverage by oaks. Shrubs include <i>Asimina triloba, Arundinaria gigantea</i>, and <i>Ilex decidua</i>, along with smaller individuals of successional tree species such as <i>Acer negundo</i> and <i>Celtis laevigata</i>. Woody and herbaceous vines found here include <i>Bignonia capreolata, Vitis rotundifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Dioscorea villosa, Smilax bona-nox, Toxicodendron radicans, Amphicarpaea bracteata</i>, and <i>Passiflora lutea</i>. Herbs include <i>Arisaema dracontium, Arisaema triphyllum, Aristolochia serpentaria, Hymenocallis occidentalis, Ruellia</i> sp., <i>Laportea canadensis, Polygonum virginianum, Spigelia marilandica, Carex debilis, Carex grayi, Carex squarrosa, Carex tribuloides, Chasmanthium latifolium, Viola</i> spp., and <i>Commelina virginica</i>. Examples of this association which have sustained extensive recent disturbance will likely contain much <i>Smilax</i> sp. and <i>Rubus</i> sp. in the shrub layer. The exotics <i>Ligustrum sinense, Alliaria petiolata</i>, and <i>Microstegium vimineum</i> may be present in examples of this association. |
Comm #3055
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Acer rubrum - Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Saururus cernuus - (Phanopyrum gymnocarpon) Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35626-{6A5BC287-22BF-42F3-A973-1EF659DF2644}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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These are temporarily to seasonally flooded bottomland or swamp forests found on somewhat poorly to very poorly drained muck or clay loam soil. Stands are dominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i>, or by a combination of <i>Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>; <i>Acer rubrum</i> may be present in all woody strata. The canopy can range in density from 50 to 90% cover. Additional tree species include <i>Acer negundo, Nyssa aquatica, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus michauxii</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>, among others. The sparse to moderate tall-shrub and short-shrub layers may contain <i>Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus foemina, Ilex decidua, Itea virginica, Lindera benzoin, Nyssa aquatica</i>, and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>. Also present are the vines <i>Berchemia scandens, Bignonia capreolata, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>. The herbaceous layer can be dominated by <i>Arisaema dracontium, Boehmeria cylindrica, Impatiens capensis, Leersia virginica, Microstegium vimineum</i> (invasive exotic), <i>Onoclea sensibilis, Packera glabella, Penthorum sedoides, Phanopyrum gymnocarpon, Pilea pumila</i>, and/or <i>Saururus cernuus</i>. Examples have been documented in the Piedmont of Georgia, the coastal plains of Mississippi, and the Interior Low Plateau of Tennessee. |
Comm #3056
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Pinus echinata - Quercus stellata - Quercus montana / Danthonia spicata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35707-{4B5D3CF8-4A9F-4BCB-9F41-100F0379E1CE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This forest, dominated by <i>Pinus echinata, Quercus stellata, Quercus montana</i>, and <i>Carya glabra</i>, is found on broad ridges in the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains in northeastern Alabama and northwestern Georgia. It also extends into the Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and presumably Tennessee. <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> is the dominant short shrub; the herbaceous stratum typically contains <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum</i> (to the south), and/or <i>Danthonia spicata</i> (to the north). |
Comm #3057
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Pinus virginiana - Pinus rigida - Quercus stellata / Ceanothus americanus / Thalictrum revolutum Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35910-{16E775D5-2EA6-4ABF-9636-DC00A4B361E2}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This community includes pine-oak woodlands over serpentine, olivine, dunite, and other ultramafic rocks, at elevations from 550 to 950 m (1800-3100 feet), in the Southern Blue Ridge mountains of North Carolina and extreme northern Georgia. The open canopy is typically dominated by <i>Pinus virginiana, Pinus rigida, Pinus strobus, Quercus stellata, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Quercus falcata</i> (lower elevations only), with other species including <i>Sassafras albidum, Acer rubrum var. rubrum, Betula lenta, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i>. Typical shrub and woody vine species are <i>Ceanothus americanus, Cornus florida, Kalmia latifolia, Castanea pumila, Gaultheria procumbens, Gaylussacia baccata, Lyonia ligustrina var. ligustrina, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Pyrularia pubera, Rhododendron calendulaceum, Rhododendron maximum, Smilax rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Vaccinium stamineum</i>. The herb layer can be very well-developed or patchy, and in more open examples can be graminoid-dominated. |
Comm #3058
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Nyssa biflora - Liquidambar styraciflua / Glyceria septentrionalis - Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35931-{98113563-D113-4582-B6A5-7D6D87CD1C13}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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Comm #3059
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Bromus diandrus - Bromus hordeaceus - Trifolium spp. - Daucus pusillus Ruderal Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36705-{1DDD62C5-75F5-4325-9D67-3C34B2772E5F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This herbaceous association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. Stands of this herbaceous vegetation are found at low elevations (520-610 m [1700-2000 feet]) on the midslope of southeast- to west-facing, somewhat steep to steep (17-29°), concave, undulating and linear slopes. Soils are somewhat poorly drained to well-drained with textures ranging from loam to clay loam from metamorphic, schist and gneiss parent material. Litter ranges from 60-96% cover. Disturbance from invasion of exotics is common and impact levels are low to high. This association often forms a continuous, sometimes open, herbaceous layer dominated by <i>Trifolium microcephalum, Daucus</i> sp., <i>Bromus hordeaceus</i>, and <i>Galium parisiense</i>. <i>Daucus pusillus, Clarkia purpurea</i>, and <i>Hypochaeris glabra</i> are also present. <i>Centaurea solstitialis</i> and <i>Lotus unifoliolatus var. unifoliolatus</i> can be common at many sites. <i>Lessingia leptoclada, Bromus arenarius, Trifolium ciliolatum, Lupinus bicolor, Lactuca serriola</i>, and <i>Thysanocarpus curvipes</i> are often found in this association. A variety of other species may be found contributing to minor cover and often include <i>Avena barbata, Bromus diandrus, Calandrinia ciliata, Castilleja densiflora, Croton setigerus, Silene gallica, Stephanomeria virgata, Torilis arvensis</i>, and <i>Vulpia myuros</i>. |
Comm #3060
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Pinus palustris / Quercus laevis / Leiophyllum buxifolium - Cyrilla racemiflora - Clethra alnifolia Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35954-{3CAFB782-E52C-46B8-8DD3-8D54580F135C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
3
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This community is limited to areas of sandstone outcropping in the sandhills of South Carolina. The open to scattered canopy consists of <i>Pinus palustris</i>. A sparse scrub oak layer consists of <i>Quercus laevis</i>. The shrub layer is diverse and includes the juxtaposition of species normally widely separated ecologically by moisture, from pocosin species to xeric sandhill species. Dominant shrubs include <i>Leiophyllum buxifolium, Cyrilla racemiflora, Clethra alnifolia, Vaccinium tenellum</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia dumosa</i>. Other shrubs include <i>Hypericum lloydii, Vaccinium crassifolium ssp. sempervirens, Kalmia latifolia, Lyonia mariana</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia frondosa</i>. Herbs are few and include <i>Liatris</i> sp. and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. This community occurs on sandstone outcrops and gravel beds on exposed ridge situations in a landscape of longleaf pine sandhills. Occurrences of this community are small and are limited to rare and localized edaphic situations, where sandstone, gravel, and kaolinite outcrops provide subirrigation, augmenting the water supply. In this respect, this community shows a conceptual similarity to ~<i>Pinus palustris / Quercus marilandica / Vaccinium crassifolium / Aristida stricta</i> Woodland (CEGL003599)$$ but differs consistently in floristic composition (for instance in lacking three of the four nominal species). |
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