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Description |
Comm #331
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Fraxinus americana - Carya glabra / Muhlenbergia sobolifera - Helianthus divaricatus - Solidago ulmifolia Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32551-{3F79ACE1-28CB-4568-90A4-2B1F238A562C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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This association is a woodland dominated by <i>Fraxinus americana</i> and <i>Carya glabra</i>, occurring in dry, rocky, fertile soils derived from mafic igneous and metamorphic rocks and, less frequently, granitic rocks and calcareous sedimentary and metasedimentary formations. Stands are found from 60 to 1000 m (240-3300 feet) in elevation in the Blue Ridge and upper Piedmont of Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia. Less constant and important canopy species include <i>Carya ovalis, Quercus montana, Quercus rubra var. rubra, Juniperus virginiana</i>, and <i>Pinus virginiana</i>. Subcanopy species include <i>Celtis tenuifolia, Celtis occidentalis, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Ostrya virginiana</i>, and <i>Ulmus rubra</i>. The shrub stratum includes <i>Rhus aromatica var. aromatica, Ptelea trifoliata, Viburnum rafinesqueanum, Rhus typhina, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i>. Typical species of the herb stratum include <i>Muhlenbergia sobolifera, Helianthus divaricatus, Pycnanthemum incanum, Elymus hystrix, Carex pensylvanica, Polygonum tenue, Woodsia ilvensis, Woodsia obtusa, Phacelia dubia, Symphyotrichum oblongifolium, Solidago arguta var. harrisii, Selaginella rupestris, Cheilanthes lanosa, Danthonia spicata, Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola, Draba ramosissima, Sedum glaucophyllum</i>, and others. |
Comm #332
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Spartina alterniflora Carolinian Zone Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33033-{472F98F9-7E15-4069-91C6-49C44600900A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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This vegetation includes various tidal marshes dominated by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>, from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to the Atlantic Coast of the Florida peninsula. The hydrology is usually regularly tidally flooded. <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> is limited to the low marsh zone by moderate salinity; it can withstand longer submergence than other salt marsh grasses, but still requires periodic exposure of the substrate. It also requires moderately high levels of iron (7-15 ppm). This community is commonly known as "low salt marsh," occurring as a tall grassland strongly dominated by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>. There is little variation in vascular plant species composition across the range. <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> occurs in nearly pure stands, occasionally with other low-statured species. |
Comm #333
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Quercus alba - Carya glabra - Fraxinus americana / Muhlenbergia sobolifera - Elymus hystrix Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34863-{85E0ECF1-3026-4025-A4D9-BBBDB96D649D}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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Found in the Culpeper Basin and western Piedmont foothills of Virginia and Maryland, this subxeric to submesic oak-hickory forest occurs in association with soils weathered from fine-grained mafic rocks (diabase and metabasalt). These soils often have a plastic, hardpan subsoil or are shallow over bedrock, and some have pronounced shrink-swell properties. Forest canopies can be open to closed, sometimes stunted, with variable combinations of oaks (especially <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Quercus rubra)</i>, hickories (<i>Carya glabra, Carya ovalis, Carya tomentosa</i>), and <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. Subcanopy tree layers are usually dominated by young hickories and <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. Characteristic species in the shrub and small-tree layers are <i>Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Cornus florida, Ulmus rubra, Celtis occidentalis</i>, and <i>Rosa carolina</i>. Less constant, but sometimes locally important, understory species include <i>Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana</i> (on more mesic sites), and <i>Chionanthus virginicus</i>. The herb layer of this community is frequently characterized by patch-dominance of the dry-site forest grasses <i>Muhlenbergia sobolifera, Dichanthelium boscii, Elymus hystrix var. hystrix</i>, and <i>Danthonia spicata</i>. Co-occurring among the dominant grasses are a large number of low-cover forbs and graminoids. In 50 Virginia plot samples, this unit has a mean species richness of 82 taxa per 400 m2, one of the highest among all classified upland types in Virginia. This community is distinguished from other Mid-Atlantic region oak-hickory forests by its patch-dominance of forest grasses and its strong association with sub-level topography and soils with an impermeable hardpan or shallow bedrock. |
Comm #334
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Quercus alba - Carya glabra - Carya tomentosa / Aesculus pavia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35496-{774B0D35-B738-46AE-8B47-AB1EFE4BBB79}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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This type is a nutrient-rich, calcareous to subcalcareous, mesic Coastal Plain forest found east of the Mississippi River, extending to the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Stands are typically dominated by <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Carya</i> spp. <i>Aesculus pavia</i> is characteristically present in the understory and shrub layer. Some other canopy components include <i>Quercus nigra, Carya cordiformis</i> (in more mesic examples), <i>Carya pallida</i> (in drier ones), <i>Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. The subcanopy may contain <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica, Morus rubra, Celtis occidentalis, Ostrya virginiana, Acer rubrum, Diospyros virginiana, Prunus serotina, Ulmus alata</i>, and/or <i>Quercus velutina</i>. <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> may be present in any of the woody strata but will not be dominant or codominant. Typical vines include <i>Vitis rotundifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Cocculus carolinus, Smilax bona-nox, Smilax glauca, Berchemia scandens</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. More information is needed on the detailed range, environment, and floristics of this association. |
Comm #335
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Adenostoma fasciculatum - Salvia mellifera - Malosma laurina Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.37454.CEGL003529
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This shrubland association occurs on gentle to steep slopes of variable aspect at low elevations between 0 and 648 m. It is codominated by <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i> and <i>Salvia mellifera</i> in the shrub layer with <i>Malosma laurina</i> as a subdominant. It has an insignificant herbaceous layer. The emergent tree layer is usually absent but infrequently includes occasional individuals of <i>Quercus agrifolia</i> and <i>Juglans californica</i>. |
Comm #336
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Ceanothus spinosus - Ceanothus megacarpus Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.37468.CEGL003614
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This shrubland association occurs on moderately steep to steep northeast- and northwest-facing slopes at low elevations between 0 and 749 m. It is characterized by a codominance of <i>Ceanothus spinosus</i> and <i>Ceanothus megacarpus</i> in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer is diverse but has no constant indicators and generally provides little cover. The emergent tree layer includes occasional <i>Quercus agrifolia</i> and <i>Juglans californica</i>. |
Comm #337
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AGRICULTURAL LAND
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accession code: VB.cc.29798.AGRICULTURALLAN
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NVC 2004 |
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Comm #338
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Selaginella tortipila - Krigia montana - Houstonia longifolia Rocky Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33116-{46E6EBC0-991F-40BE-8604-984F03F69EED}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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This association is found on granitic exfoliation domes and rock faces at intermediate to high elevations in the Southern Blue Ridge of the Carolinas and Georgia. This association occurs on exposed, often south-facing sites, with smooth, exfoliation surfaces and few cracks or crevices for soil accumulation. These rock surfaces are typically steep to vertical but may include flat areas. This association typically occurs at elevations from 1067 to 1372 m (3500-4500 feet) but may be found at slightly higher or lower elevations. This community occurs in large patches, ranging in size from 10 to over 100 acres, with vegetation strongly dominated by shallow-soil herb mats over solid rock. These shallow mats can have 10-90% coverage and are interspersed with areas of bare rock, patches of lichens (e.g., <i>Cladonia</i> spp., <i>Cladonia furcata</i>), and mosses (e.g., <i>Grimmia laevigata</i>). Woody species from adjacent woodlands and shrublands may be scattered components, rooted in deeper soil pockets, older stable vegetation mats, and around the outcrop margins. <i>Selaginella tortipila</i> is almost always a major dominant of the vegetation mats. Other characteristic herbaceous species are <i>Hypericum buckleii, Packera millefolium, Carex biltmoreana, Carex umbellata, Solidago simulans, Danthonia epilis, Danthonia compressa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Schizachyrium scoparium, Krigia montana, Trichophorum cespitosum, Houstonia longifolia</i>, and <i>Saxifraga michauxii</i>. Woody species can include <i>Leiophyllum buxifolium, Quercus rubra, Pinus virginiana, Pinus rigida, Kalmia latifolia, Vaccinium</i> spp., <i>Gaylussacia baccata, Rhododendron catawbiense, Kalmia latifolia</i>, and <i>Rhododendron carolinianum</i>. |
Comm #339
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Quercus montana - Quercus rubra / Vaccinium pallidum - (Rhododendron periclymenoides) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36583-{F4755CF1-C092-471D-8922-678C5AFE0089}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
53
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This community is documented primarily from the northern Blue Ridge and its eastern foothills, from Amherst County in west-central Virginia to the Catoctin Mountains of northern Maryland, and extending into northeastern West Virginia. It is likely to be more widespread, but certain topographic and/or soil conditions on the northern Blue Ridge may favor its development and abundance there. This community occupies sites intermediate between the xeric, oligotrophic sites of chestnut oak/heath forests and the somewhat sheltered, submesic, subacidic sites of other montane mixed oak and oak-hickory forests. It occurs on chiefly convex, moderately steep middle to upper slopes, ridge crests, and boulderfields with southeastern to northwestern exposures. Soils are subxeric or xeric and strongly infertile. Many sites have high cover of boulders, cobbles, gravel, or mineral soil. Underlying bedrock includes massive quartzite of the Chilhowee group, various members of the northern Blue Ridge gneissic granitic complex, and less frequently metabasalt of the Catoctin Formation. This type spans a very broad range of elevations, from <300 m to nearly 1100 m (<1000-3600 feet). <i>Quercus montana</i> and <i>Quercus rubra</i> generally codominate the overstory, but either species may dominate discrete areas within stands. Minor canopy associates include <i>Quercus velutina, Quercus alba, Betula lenta, Carya</i> spp., <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>, and <i>Pinus strobus</i>. <i>Acer rubrum</i> cover may equal or exceed that of the diagnostic oak species in stands with recent harvesting. The shrub layer is dominated by patchy <i>Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Rhododendron periclymenoides</i>, and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>. <i>Acer pensylvanicum</i> and <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i> may be present in minor amounts. A suite of low-cover, xerophytic herbs is characteristic, including <i>Houstonia longifolia, Campanula divaricata, Potentilla canadensis, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Carex pensylvanica, Aureolaria laevigata</i>, and <i>Hieracium paniculatum</i>. |
Comm #340
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ALNUS INCANA ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.8283.ALNUSINCANAALLI
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
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