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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
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Populus fremontii Great Valley Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
2
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Vitis californica Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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Great Valley Classification |
2
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Salix exigua Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
2
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Comm #3401
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CEGL004159
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accession code: VB.cc.29755.CEGL004159
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UNKNOWN |
2
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This semi-natural association is found on level to rolling terrain. It is a result of altered ecological processes including, but not limited to, land-clearing or heavy grazing pressures followed by juniper invasion and fire suppression. It occupies areas that are believed to have historically supported grasslands or woodlands with high cover of Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem). Canopy closure and height are variable, as are shrub and herbaceous associates. Typically, a single age-class of Juniperus ashei (Ashe's juniper) dominates this association, comprising greater than 90% cover of the canopy or shrub strata. Less than 10% of the canopy may be comprised of scattered individuals of Quercus fusiformis (plateau oak), Quercus buckleyi (Buckley oak), Ulmus crassifolia (cedar elm), Fraxinus texensis (Texas ash), and Quercus stellata (post oak). Shrub cover, of species other than Juniperus ashei (Ashe's juniper), is low but may include Rhus lanceolata (prairie sumac), Baccharis neglecta (Rooseveltweed), Forestiera pubescens (stretchberry), Mahonia trifoliolata (algerita), Rhus trilobata (skunkbush sumac), Cornus drummondii (roughleaf dogwood), and Opuntia engelmannii (cactus apple). Herbaceous cover varies depending on density of woody cover. Common species in the more open-canopy stands include Carex planostachys (cedar sedge), Brickellia cylindracea (gravelbar brickellbush), Bouteloua rigidiseta (Texas grama), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Sporobolus compositus (composite dropseed), and several exotic grass species, especially Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem). Patchy exposures of bare ground are common and a dense layer of juniper needles may also be present. |
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Salix exigua – Salix melanopsis Association
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accession code:
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
2
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Comm #3402
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NY Heritage: Salt panne
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accession code: VB.CC.28739.NYHERITAGESALTP
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Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed. |
2
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A shallow depression in a salt marsh where the marsh is poorly drained. Pannes occur in both low and high salt marshes. Pannes in low salt marshes usually lack vegetation, and the substrate is a soft, silty mud. Pannes in a high salt marsh are irregularly flooded by spring tides or flood tides, but the water does not drain into tidal creeks. After a panne has been flooded the standing water evaporates and salinity of the soil water is raised well above the salinity of sea-water. Soil water salinities fluctuate in response to tidal flooding and rainfall. Small pond holes occur in some pannes; the pond holes are usually deeper than the thickness of the living salt marsh turf, and the banks or "walls" of the pond holes are either vertical or they undercut the peat. Salt pannes can be formed by ponding of water on the marsh surface, scouring of wrack or coverage by storm wrack, and possibly by ice scour. Salt panne formation appears to be favored by a mean tidal range of about 20-80 cm and are poorly developed in settings with a mean tidal range greater than 1.6 m.
Characteristic plants of a salt panne include the dwarf form (15 to 30 cm tall) of cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), glassworts (Salicornia europaea and S. virginica), marsh fleabane (Pluchea odorata), salt marsh plantain (Plantago maritima ssp. juncoides), arrow-grass (Triglochin maritimum), spikegrass (Distichlis spicata), sea-blites (Suaeda spp.), and salt marsh sand spurry (Spergularia marina). High salt marsh communities that are dominated by the dwarf form of Spartina alterniflora appear to support larger, better developed pannes than marshes dominated by S. patens and Distichlis spicata. Widgeon-grass (Ruppia maritima) grows in the pond holes; fishes that may be permanent residents in large pond holes include mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). The salt pannes on the south shore of Long Island are intensely used by feeding shorebirds.
More data on the pond-like variant dominated by Ruppia maritima are needed. A comparison of this community with coastal salt pond needs to be made. |
Comm #3403
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NY Heritage: Inland salt marsh
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accession code: VB.CC.28689.NYHERITAGEINLAN
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Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed. |
2
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A wetland that occurs on saline mudflats associated with inland salt springs. The mucky substrate is permanently saturated and seasonally flooded. Vegetation is sparse, with less than 50% cover. Species diversity is low.
Characteristic species are salt-tolerant plants including salt marsh bulrush (Scirpus maritimus), seaside atriplex (Atriplex patula), salt marsh sand-spurry (Spergularia marina), creeping bent grass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris), salt-meadow grass (Diplachne maritima), dwarf spikerush (Eleocharis parvula), and narrow-leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). These salt springs are rare, and they usually occur within a deep or shallow emergent marsh. In New York occurrences, the surrounding marsh is usually dominated by purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria); since purple loosestrife is not very salt-tolerant, it usually does not grow in the inland salt marsh. The invasion of reedgrass (Phragmites australis) is a serious threat to this community. Data on characteristic animals are needed.
Small areas of inland salt marsh are reported from saline wetlands that were artificially created. One example is a wetland bordering Wolf Creek below an old salt factory in Wyoming County; plants reported from this site include salt-meadow grass (Spartina patens), black grass (Juncus gerardii), and glasswort (Salicornia europaea). |
Comm #3404
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NY Heritage: Pitch pine-oak forest
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accession code: VB.CC.28595.NYHERITAGEPITCH
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Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed. |
2
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A mixed forest that typically occurs on well-drained, sandy soils of glacial outwash plains or moraines; it also occurs on thin, rocky soils of ridgetops.
The dominant trees are pitch pine (Pinus rigida) mixed with one or more of the following oaks: scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), white oak (Q. alba), red oak (Q. rubra), or black oak (Q. velutina). The relative proportions of pines and oaks are quite variable within this community type. At one extreme are stands in which the pines are widely spaced amidst the oaks, in which case the pines are often emergent above the canopy of oak trees. At the other extreme are stands in which the pines form a nearly pure stand with only a few widely spaced oak trees.
The shrublayer is well-developed with scattered clumps of scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia) and a nearly continuous cover of low heath shrubs such as blueberries (Vaccinium pallidum, V. angustifolium) and black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata).
The herbaceous layer is relatively sparse; characteristic species are bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), and Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica).
Characteristic birds include rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), pine warbler (Dendroica pinus), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), and whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus).
At least two potential regional variants are known or suspected. The typical coastal variant on Long Island and the inland variant of upstate New York. More data on these regional variants are needed. This community combined with several types of barrens and woodland communities make up the broadly defined ecosystem known as the Pine Barrens. |
Comm #3405
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NY Heritage: Pitch pine-oak-heath woodland
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accession code: VB.CC.29019.NYHERITAGEPITCH
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Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed. |
2
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A pine barrens community that occurs on well-drained, infertile, sandy soils in eastern Long Island (and possibly on sandy or rocky soils in upstate New York). The structure of this community is intermediate between a shrub-savanna and a woodland.
Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and white oak (Quercus alba) are the most abundant trees, and these form an open canopy with 30 to 60% cover. Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) and black oak (Q. velutina) may also occur in the canopy.
The shrublayer is dominated by scrub oaks (Quercus ilicifolia, Q. prinoides), and includes a few heath shrubs such as huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) and blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum). The density of the shrublayer is inversely related to the tree canopy cover; where the trees are sparse, the shrubs form a dense thicket, and where the trees form a more closed canopy, the shrublayer may be relatively sparse. Stunted, multiple-stemmed white oaks may be present in the shrublayer if the site has burned regularly.
Characteristic species of the groundcover include bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica), golden heather (Hudsonia ericoides), beach heather (Hudsonia tomentosa), and pinweed (Lechea villosa). Like other closely related pine barrens communities, the woodland provides habitat for buck moth (Hemileuca maia) and prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor).
This community is adapted to periodic fires; the fire frequency has not been documented, but it probably burns less frequently than pitch pine-scrub oak barrens (i.e., more than 15 years between fires). This community may have a fairly low species richness: it is more diverse than dwarf pine plains, but less diverse than pitch pine-scrub oak barrens. |
Comm #3406
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Tuliptree Cove Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:17631-{B77F7C46-E7AC-4293-BC31-C696678AF3A8}
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Zimmerman et al. 2012 |
2
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