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Comm #3561
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Cephalanthus occidentalis / Carex spp. Midwest Shrub Swamp
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31099-{60185166-F8CF-4302-9A8D-5566F3E855A7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This buttonbush swamp shrubland occurs throughout glaciated regions of the midwestern and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Stands occupy shallow water depressions, oxbow ponds, and backwater sloughs of stream and river floodplains. Inundation is usually continuous throughout the year, but these sites can become dry in mid or late summer or during periods of prolonged drought. Soils are deep (>100 cm) consisting of peat or muck over alluvial parent material. The shrub layer can vary from very open to closed (20-80%). <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> typically comprises nearly 90% of the shrub layer in waters 1-2 m deep. Other shrubs commonly encountered include <i>Cornus sericea, Decodon verticillatus, Ilex verticillata, Rosa palustris</i>, and <i>Salix nigra</i>. The herbaceous layer can be very sparse, due to flooding. Rooted or floating aquatics may dominate, including <i>Lemna minor</i> and <i>Nuphar advena</i>. Herbs present on the shallow margins include <i>Bidens frondosa, Boehmeria cylindrica, Carex lacustris, Glyceria striata</i>, and others. A scattered tree canopy may occur, including the following species: <i>Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Fraxinus nigra, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. Diagnostic features include the dominance by <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> in glaciated regions and, typically, the presence of standing water. |
Comm #3562
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Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - (Betula alleghaniensis) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31369-{E9E135FB-AC06-4A43-BE72-471E2F75BD6E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This red oak - hardwood forest is found in the subboreal/mixed hardwood-conifer region of the Great Lakes, in both the United States and Canada. Stands are found on dry to mesic ridgetops and upper to midslopes, occasionally with bedrock outcrops, and on glacial outwash. Soils are moderately shallow (30-60 cm) to deep, varying from fine sands to loams and clay loams. Dominant species in the tree canopy include <i>Quercus rubra, Acer saccharum</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Associates include <i>Betula papyrifera, Betula alleghaniensis, Pinus strobus, Populus tremuloides, Populus grandidentata</i>, and in the eastern part of its range, <i>Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus americana</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. Subcanopy species typically include the maples. Shrubs include <i>Amelanchier laevis, Acer pensylvanicum, Corylus cornuta, Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Lonicera canadensis</i>. Herbs include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Dryopteris carthusiana, Maianthemum canadense, Mitchella repens</i> (creeping semi-shrub), <i>Polygonatum pubescens</i>, and <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. Diagnostic species include <i>Quercus rubra</i> along with ground layer species typical of the mixed hardwood-conifer region. |
Comm #3563
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Betula papyrifera / Diervilla lonicera - (Abies balsamea) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31371-{2C9F0CE4-FBC3-44ED-B420-C347BFB124D6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This paper birch forest is found in the subboreal region of the northern Great Lakes region of the United States and perhaps more widely in Canada. Stands occur on fresh to moist soils, coarse-textured, non-calcareous mineral soils. The soil texture is typically coarse loam. The canopy of this forested community is closed to moderately open. <i>Betula papyrifera</i> is the dominant canopy tree and can form nearly pure stands. <i>Populus tremuloides, Abies balsamea, Picea glauca</i>, and, especially in Canada, <i>Pinus banksiana</i> can also be found. Tree density can be high, but the growth form and size of the canopy dominants allow significant light to pass through. <i>Abies balsamea</i> is common to dense in the understory as are shrubs such as <i>Corylus cornuta, Diervilla lonicera, Rosa acicularis</i>, and <i>Taxus canadensis</i>. The herbaceous layer is similar to other dry-mesic to mesic northern communities. Species found in this layer include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Clintonia borealis, Cornus canadensis, Maianthemum canadense</i>, and <i>Trientalis borealis</i>. |
Comm #3564
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Pinus banksiana - Populus tremuloides / Diervilla lonicera Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31426-{CA7A116C-D828-44AD-AC21-9551AEF1610F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This jack pine - aspen forest is found in the subboreal region of the upper midwestern United States and into central Canada. Stands occur on generally level sandy outwash plains or moderately sloping moraines. The soils are fresh to dry, deep, sandy loams, loams, and fine sands. In Manitoba, the soils tend to be somewhat more moist and fine. The canopy layer is a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees, or less often pure conifer, with the conifers tending to be more abundant in the north. The canopy is typically dominated by <i>Pinus banksiana </i>alone or more often with <i>Populus tremuloides</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Abies balsamea, Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca</i>, and <i>Picea mariana</i>. Tree density and crown spacing may be moderately dense to dense, but sufficient light penetrates to permit the growth of a vigorous shrub layer. The most common shrubs are <i>Corylus cornuta, Diervilla lonicera, Linnaea borealis, Rosa acicularis, Rubus pubescens, Vaccinium angustifolium</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>. <i>Acer spicatum</i> can be dominant in parts of the range. The herbaceous layer is also typically quite rich with species such as <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Cornus canadensis, Clintonia borealis, Streptopus lanceolatus var. longipes, Trientalis borealis</i>, and <i>Viola</i> spp. |
Comm #3565
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Pinus resinosa - Populus tremuloides / Diervilla lonicera - Vaccinium spp. Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31428-{2D87510D-E8C0-49DA-9DEE-089721546D26}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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Comm #3566
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Populus angustifolia / Symphoricarpos (albus, occidentalis, oreophilus) Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31556-{C9D7A736-2BBF-4352-B118-FAE2D29E95B5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This deciduous forest occurs on narrow montane valley floodplains, on upper terraces, outer edges of floodplains, on alluvial bars of major rivers, along terraces of flashy washes, as well as around lakes and ponds. It occurs between 945 and 2550 m (3100-8350 feet) elevation. Soils are shallow to deep, fine-textured sandy loams and clay loams over coarser materials. Few to many coarse fragments occur in the upper soil layers. This deciduous forest is dominated by a very open to nearly closed canopy of mature <i>Populus angustifolia, Populus x acuminata</i>, or <i>Populus x intercurrens</i>. Other trees present may include <i>Juniperus scopulorum, Populus balsamifera, Populus tremuloides, Picea pungens, Pinus ponderosa</i>, or <i>Pinus contorta</i>. The shrub layer in mesic stands is dominated by one of several species of <i>Symphoricarpos</i>: <i>Symphoricarpos albus, Symphoricarpos rotundifolius, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>, or <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i>. Other shrub species that may be scattered but never as abundant as <i>Symphoricarpos</i> include <i>Prunus virginiana, Quercus gambelii, Cornus sericea, Ribes lacustre, Ribes cereum, Rosa woodsii, Alnus incana, Betula occidentalis</i>, and <i>Salix bebbiana</i>. Graminoids and forbs present include <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Bromus inermis, Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense, Elymus</i> spp., <i>Balsamorhiza sagittata, Eriogonum umbellatum, Cirsium arvense, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Melilotus officinalis, Maianthemum stellatum, Solidago canadensis</i>, and <i>Achillea millefolium</i>. |
Comm #3567
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Arctostaphylos patula - Artemisia tridentata (ssp. vaseyana, ssp. wyomingensis) Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31602-{11F91120-9965-4630-BB69-10FDF434C48B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This mixed mountain shrubland association is characteristic of windswept highlands in the Colorado Plateau. It occurs in isolated patches on plateaus and mesas with gentle to moderate slopes and variable aspects. Elevations range from 1950 to 2500 m (6400-8200 feet). Most of the unvegetated surface is covered by litter, with occasional bedrock exposures. Soils are generally thin, coarse-textured, rapidly drained and derived from sandstone. This association often has a total vegetative cover of 60-85%. It is dominated by moderate to dense cover of <i>Arctostaphylos patula</i>. <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana</i> or <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis</i> may be present to codominant. <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Amelanchier utahensis, Tetradymia canescens, Ericameria nauseosa, Yucca</i> spp., and <i>Opuntia</i> spp. are also commonly present and may contribute 5 to 20% cover. The herbaceous layer is very sparse but will often include <i>Carex rossii, Comandra umbellata, Eriogonum umbellatum, Poa fendleriana</i>, and <i>Bouteloua gracilis</i>. |
Comm #3568
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Ericameria nauseosa / Bromus tectorum Ruderal Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31839-{0C30CD33-0652-40B1-82A2-3A3298D3D1FE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This ruderal shrubland occurs throughout much of the interior western U.S. in disturbed situations. Total vegetation cover is relatively sparse to dense, depending primarily on the density of cheatgrass in any given year. The shrub canopy is open to moderately dense, consisting of <i>Ericameria nauseosa</i> with 10-60% cover. Scattered individuals of other shrub species, such as <i>Artemisia tridentata, Rhus trilobata, Atriplex canescens</i>, and <i>Atriplex confertifolia</i>, may be present. The herbaceous layer contains many species but is overwhelmingly dominated by the non-native annual <i>Bromus tectorum</i>. Relict native herbaceous grasses include <i>Aristida purpurea, Achnatherum hymenoides, Elymus elymoides, Poa fendleriana</i>, and <i>Sporobolus cryptandrus</i>. Native herbaceous species are also common but contribute only sparse cover and may include <i>Cleome lutea, Eriogonum inflatum</i>, and <i>Heterotheca villosa</i>. Weedy forbs are more abundant in most stands, including <i>Lappula occidentalis</i>, and <i>Salsola tragus</i>. Stands occur on gentle to steep slopes with elevations ranging from 1110 to 2085 m (3640-6840 feet). Sites include intermittently flooded drainages, stream terraces and broad floodplains, basins and upland slopes. Soils are variable; most stands occur on well-drained sandy loams that are often rocky, but others occur on loam or gravely clay or clay loam soils. Most stands are the result of fire burning sagebrush or other types of shrublands, but some derive from other forms of disturbance, including overgrazing. |
Comm #3569
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Pinus ponderosa Slickrock Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31874-{ADF87D5F-D126-43B2-8942-DD78FEC0F908}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This sparse wooded association is restricted to exposures of massive Navajo sandstone in the canyons and plateaus of southern Utah. The vegetation is rooted in joints in the sandstone. Because Navajo sandstone is a massive formation and is relatively undeformed in the Colorado Plateau, joints and fractures are relatively rare; thus the vegetation is sparse. Sites are on gentle to vertical slopes, occur between 1800 and 2430 m elevation, and are oriented to any aspect. The unvegetated surface has high exposure of bedrock and sparse to low cover of litter, large rocks, and sand. Soils are rapidly drained, shallow loamy sands and form only in cracks and potholes in the bedrock. This ponderosa pine slickrock sparse vegetation association is characterized by <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> trees, often stunted to less than 10 m tall, that range in cover from 1% to less than 20%. The shrub element is depauperate also and provides sparse to low cover. Common shrubs include <i>Amelanchier utahensis, Cercocarpus intricatus</i>, and <i>Arctostaphylos patula</i>. The herbaceous layer is diverse in terms of species composition but is sparse, less than 5% total cover. The forb <i>Helianthella microcephala</i> is relatively common. |
Comm #3570
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Eriogonum corymbosum Badlands Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31881-{8D9E71C6-CB38-4835-934E-065F06F8AECB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This association is found in the Colorado Plateau. It is a very open short shrubland where the vegetation is characterized by an open canopy of <i>Eriogonum corymbosum</i> that ranges in foliar cover from 5 to 20%. Associated shrubs include <i>Atriplex confertifolia, Ephedra torreyana, Ericameria nauseosa, Coleogyne ramosissima, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Psorothamnus fremontii, Salvia dorrii</i>, and <i>Xylorhiza glabriuscula</i>. The herbaceous layer is low in species diversity and provides sparse cover; no single species provides greater than 1% cover. Graminoid species include <i>Achnatherum hymenoides, Aristida purpurea, Elymus elymoides, Hesperostipa comata, Leymus salinus</i>, and <i>Pleuraphis jamesii</i>. Forbs include <i>Astragalus kentrophyta, Lomatium minimum, Machaeranthera canescens, Sphaeralcea coccinea, Chamaesyce fendleri, Amsonia tomentosa, Thelesperma subnudum var. subnudum</i>, and <i>Cryptantha tenuis</i>. <i>Pinus edulis</i> and <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i> saplings provide sparse cover in some stands. This shrubland is found exclusively on shale badlands. Sites are flat to steep slopes, occur between 1054 and 2670 m (3548-8760 feet) elevation, and are oriented to all aspects. The ground surface is up to 88% bare soil, and litter is sparse. Parent materials are shales and sandstones. Vegetation has difficulty taking hold of the highly erosive surface. Soils are rapidly drained clay loam or silty clay. |
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